Expository Aspects of Snuhi Tail Preparation

Snuhi plant is a very important therapeutic approaches in Shalyatantra branch among Ashtang Ayurveda with less number of medicinal formulation. The utilization of Snuhi stem for Snuhi Tail preparation contributes towards the management of varicose veins. The Snuhi Tail is used as Abhyanga (Local application) for varicose vein which is supportive mode of management for varicose veins. The preparation of Snuhi Tail and its pharmaceutical analysis is discussed in present research article . The expository review has been made by different samples of Snuhi Tail which was prepared with same materials and methodologies at interval of one year.

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Risk of venous thromboembolism following surgical treatment of superficial venous incompetence

VASA ◽

10.1024/0301-1526/a000656 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 46 (6) ◽

pp. 484-489 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Tom Barker ◽

Felicity Evison ◽

Ruth Benson ◽

Alok Tiwari

Keyword(s):

Venous Thromboembolism ◽

Varicose Vein ◽

Lower Incidence ◽

Varicose Veins ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Foam Sclerotherapy ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Squared ◽

One Year

Abstract. Background: The invasive management of varicose veins has a known risk of post-operative deep venous thrombosis and subsequent pulmonary embolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate absolute and relative risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) following commonly used varicose vein procedures. Patients and methods: A retrospective analysis of secondary data using Hospital Episode Statistics database was performed for all varicose vein procedures performed between 2003 and 2013 and all readmissions for VTE in the same patients within 30 days, 90 days, and one year. Comparison of the incidence of VTEs between procedures was performed using a Pearson’s Chi-squared test. Results: In total, 261,169 varicose vein procedures were performed during the period studied. There were 686 VTEs recorded at 30 days (0.26 % incidence), 884 at 90 days (0.34 % incidence), and 1,246 at one year (0.48 % incidence). The VTE incidence for different procedures was between 0.15–0.35 % at 30 days, 0.26–0.50 % at 90 days, and 0.46–0.58 % at one year. At 30 days there was a significantly lower incidence of VTEs for foam sclerotherapy compared to other procedures (p = 0.01). There was no difference in VTE incidence between procedures at 90 days (p = 0.13) or one year (p = 0.16). Conclusions: Patients undergoing varicose vein procedures have a small but appreciable increased risk of VTE compared to the general population, with the effect persisting at one year. Foam sclerotherapy had a lower incidence of VTE compared to other procedures at 30 days, but this effect did not persist at 90 days or at one year. There was no other significant difference in the incidence of VTE between open, endovenous, and foam sclerotherapy treatments.

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Surgical Outcomes of Varicose Veins at Universal College of Medical Sciences, Bhairahawa, Nepal

Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/jucms.v4i2.19085 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 14-16

Author(s):

Santosh Shah ◽

Sumod Koirala ◽

Saroj Pradhan ◽

Ashok Pradhan

Keyword(s):

Surgical Treatment ◽

Varicose Vein ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Surgical Outcomes ◽

Varicose Veins ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Operative Complications ◽

Short Saphenous Vein ◽

One Year ◽

Post Operative Complications

INTRODUCTION: This study was conducted to analyse the surgical outcomes of varicose vein at Universal College of Medical Sciences (UCMS), Bhairahawa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A hospital based prospective study done at UCMS, Bhairahwa, Nepal over the period of one year, where all the patients who had lower limb varicose vein underwent surgery were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 25 cases of varicose vein were operated at UCMS from August 2015 to July 2016. The post-operative complications like pain, wound abscess, aching, itching were minimal. CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment by SFJ ligation with stripping long and short saphenous vein is an established effective treatment of varicose vein in our center with minimal post-operative complications. Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2016) Vol.04 No.02 Issue 14, page: 14-16

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Varicose veins: A critical review of the definition and the therapeutical options

VASA ◽

10.1024/0301-1526/a000131 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 344-358 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jeanneret ◽

Karatolios

Keyword(s):

Varicose Vein ◽

Varicose Veins ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Therapeutic Approaches ◽

New Techniques ◽

Definition Of ◽

Vein Disease ◽

Therapeutical Options ◽

Long Term Studies

This review intends to give an overview of the present therapeutic options for varicose vein disease. The definition of varicose vein disease and its recurrence are made and discussed with new aspects including duplexsonography assessment. All therapeutic approaches have developed and refined their treatment modalities, the open surgical as well as the endovenous techniques. In particular the new endovenous techniques are described with regard to safety and outcome, the published literature in this respect is summarized. The studies comparing the different techniques are listed, the prospective long term studies comparing the new techniques with the so called gold standard (open surgery) shall decide on the fate of the different techniques.

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Radiofrequency ablation of varicose veins: experience at a tertiary hospital

IMC Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.3329/imcjms.v15i1.54200 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 37-40

Author(s):

Farooq A Ganie ◽

Ghulam Nabi Lone ◽

Mohd Yaqoob Khan ◽

Syed Mohsin Manzoor ◽

Mudasir Hamid Bhat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radiofrequency Ablation ◽

Varicose Vein ◽

Great Saphenous Vein ◽

Pulmonary Thromboembolism ◽

Varicose Veins ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Symptomatic Improvement ◽

Seldinger Technique ◽

One Year ◽

Vein Disease

Background and objectives: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a recent modality of treatment of the affected varicose vein. In the present study, the outcome of great saphenous varicose vein disease treated by radiofrequency ablation technique was analyzed. Methods: Patients with varicosities of the lower limb affecting mainly the great saphenous vein were (GSV) included. The procedures were carried out under spinal anesthesia. The target varicose vein was accessed by Seldinger technique and the RFA catheter advanced 2 to 3 cm below sapheno-femoral junction under ultrasonography (USG) guidance. A tumescent anesthetic infiltration was given in a solution of normal saline and sodium bicarbonate before the vein being ablated. Results: The success rate of RFA was 97.5 % (39 out of 40). One patient showed episodic recanalisation of vein at one year duplex colour scan. Though the complications related to procedure were negligible, one patient developed endovenous heat induced thrombosis (EHIT) and non-fatal pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) which was managed adequately. Conclusion: Endovenous RFA is a useful treatment modality for varicose vein disease primarily due to great saphenous insufficiency with marked symptomatic improvement and least recurrence. Although the complications are minimal, EHIT is a potential and serious complication of heat ablation. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2021; 15(1): 37-40

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A One-Year Audit of Varicose Vein Surgery at a Vascular Surgical Unit with a Long-Term Duplex and Quality of Life Follow-Up

Surgical Case Reports ◽

10.31487/j.scr.2021.07.15 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Olle Nelzén ◽

Ingvor Fransson

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Varicose Vein ◽

Open Surgery ◽

Varicose Veins ◽

Long Term Results ◽

Primary Surgery ◽

One Year

Objective: With the introduction of endovenous treatments, open varicose veins surgery was discarded due to a claimed high risk of neovascularisation. A one-year audit was set up to look at results from performing mainly open surgery. Methods: All varicose vein interventions were registered and prospectively followed with colour Duplex assessments after 4-6 weeks, 1 and >5 years. In addition, Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire (AVVQ) was used in addition to Varicose Vein Severity Score (VCSS) to assess patients’ quality of life (QoL) and the disease severity. Results: During the year, 236 patients/252 legs were operated and 28% were re-do procedures. Median age was 55 years (16-87) and 70% were females. Duplex at 4-6 weeks showed a primary success rate of 91%. Neovascularisation was noted in 8% one year after primary surgery. The long-term assessment was done after a median of 69 months (39-75) and 67% of all legs were examined. After primary surgery 16% showed neovascularisation compared with and 27% after re-do procedures. VCSS improved significantly from 6 (range 1-22) to 2 at the long-term follow-up (p<0.001). The AVVQ score improved from 20 (range 3-55) down to 10 (p<0.001). Conclusion: The risk for neovascularisation seems to have been overestimated and good long-term results can be achieved following modern open surgery. The major problem is to avoid varicose vein recurrence since results from re-do procedures seem less favourable long term.

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Varicose vein surgery under anti-platelet therapy

Phlebologie ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1622242 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 37 (06) ◽

pp. 287-297 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P.-M. Baier ◽

Z. T. Miszczak

Keyword(s):

Varicose Vein ◽

Bleeding Time ◽

Varicose Veins ◽

Bleeding Risk ◽

Bleeding Complications ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Varicose Vein Surgery ◽

Anti Platelet Therapy ◽

Male Patients ◽

Acute Atherothrombosis

Summary Background: Platelet function inhibitors (PFI) are used for prophylaxis of atherothrombosis. These drugs cause a prolongation of the bleeding time and should eventually be stopped before an elective operation. However, there is a risk that a perioperative pause of PFI lead to acute atherothrombosis. Objective: Our aim was to study whether a discontinuation of PFI therapy is necessary to avoid bleeding complications in patients undergoing varicose vein surgery. Methods: Selective review of the literature and retrospective analysis of clinical data of our own patients. Results: In the years 2002 to 2007 a total of 10 827 patients have been operated on varicose veins, 673 (6.2%) of these aged 32–86 years (67 ± 7.9) receiving permanent PFI therapy: 256 male patients (38.0%) and 417 female (62.0%), 39.1% categorized as ASA III patients: male 11.6%, female 27.5%. 38 patients who continued PFI therapy did not demonstrate haemorrhagic complications and none of those pausing anti-platelet medication experienced thromboembolic complications. The literature survey confirmed our finding that it is not necessary to suspend PFI medication for varicose vein surgery as the bleeding risk can be controlled for by technical means. Conclusion: Discontinuation of PFI therapy prior to interventions on varicose veins does not seem to be necessary, further studies are essential though.

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Recurrent varicose veins below the knee after varicose vein surgery

Phlebologie ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1622175 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 36 (03) ◽

pp. 132-136

Author(s):

M. W. de Haan ◽

J. C. J. M. Veraart ◽

H. A. M. Neumann ◽

P. A. F. A. van Neer

Keyword(s):

Varicose Vein ◽

Varicose Veins ◽

Varicose Vein Surgery ◽

Proximal Point ◽

Perforating Veins ◽

Recurrent Varicose Veins ◽

Below The Knee ◽

Duplex Imaging ◽

Additional Value

SummaryThe objectives of this observational study were to investigate whether varicography has additional value to CFDI in clarifying the nature and source of recurrent varicose veins below the knee after varicose vein surgery and to investigate the possible role of incompetent perforating veins (IPV) in these recurrent varicose veins. Patients, material, methods: 24 limbs (21 patients) were included. All patients were assessed by a preoperative clinical examination and CFDI (colour flow duplex imaging). Re-evaluation (clinical and CFDI) was done two years after surgery and varicography was performed. Primary endpoint of the study was the varicographic pattern of these visible varicose veins. Secondary endpoint was the connection between these varicose veins and incompetent perforating veins. Results: In 18 limbs (75%) the varicose veins were part of a network, in six limbs (25%) the varicose vein appeared to be a solitary vein. In three limbs (12.5%) an incompetent sapheno-femoral junction was found on CFDI and on varicography in the same patients. In 10 limbs (41%) the varicose veins showed a connection with the persistent below knee GSV on varicography. In nine of these 10 limbs CFDI also showed reflux of this below knee GSV. In four limbs (16%) the varicose veins showed a connection with the small saphenous vein (SSV). In three limbs this reflux was dtected with CFDI after surgery. An IPV was found to be the proximal point of the varicose vein in six limbs (25%) and half of these IPV were detected with CFDI as well. Conclusion: Varicography has less value than CFDI in detecting the source of reflux in patients with recurrent varicose veins after surgery, except in a few cases where IPV are suspected to play a role and CFDI is unable to detect these IPV.

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Cellular senescence at the saphenofemoral junction in patients with healthy, primary varicose and recurrent varicose veins – A pilot study

Vascular ◽

10.1177/17085381211012882 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 170853812110128

Author(s):

Dominic Mühlberger ◽

Anne-Katrin Zumholz ◽

Erich Brenner ◽

Achim Mumme ◽

Markus Stücker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Cellular Senescence ◽

Varicose Vein ◽

Varicose Veins ◽

Common Finding ◽

Venous Disease ◽

Venous Reflux ◽

Recurrent Varicose Veins ◽

Primary Varicose Veins ◽

Saphenofemoral Junction

Objectives Cellular senescence could play a role in the development of venous disease. Superficial venous reflux at the saphenofemoral junction is a common finding in patients with primary varicose veins. Furthermore, reflux in this essential area is associated with higher clinical stages of the disease and recurrent varicose veins. Therefore, this pilot study aimed to investigate cellular senescence in the immediate area of the saphenofemoral junction in patients with healthy veins, primary varicose veins and additionally in patients with recurrent varicose veins due to a left venous stump. Methods We analyzed vein specimens of the great saphenous vein immediately at the saphenofemoral junction. Healthy veins were collected from patients who underwent arterial bypass reconstructions. Samples with superficial venous reflux derived from patients who received high ligation and stripping or redo-surgery at the groin, respectively. Sections were stained for p53, p21, and p16 as markers for cellular senescence and Ki67 as a proliferation marker. Results A total of 30 samples were examined (10 healthy, 10 primary varicose, and 10 recurrent varicose veins). We detected 2.10% p53+ nuclei in the healthy vein group, 3.12% in the primary varicose vein group and 1.53% in the recurrent varicose vein group, respectively. These differences were statistically significant ( p = 0.021). In the healthy vein group, we found 0.43% p16+ nuclei. In the primary varicose vein group, we found 0.34% p16+ nuclei, and in the recurrent varicose vein group, we found 0.74% p16+ nuclei. At the p < 0.05 level, the three groups tended to be significant without reaching statistical significance ( p = 0.085). There was no difference in respect of p21 and Ki67. Conclusion We found significantly higher expression rates of p53 in primary varicose veins at the saphenofemoral junction than in healthy veins. p16 expression tended to be increased in the recurrent varicose vein group. These preliminary findings indicate that cellular senescence may have an impact in the development of varicose veins or recurrence. Further studies addressing this issue are necessary.

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Techniques of Sclerotherapy: A Method to Distend Leg Veins with the Patient in a Horizontal Position Prior to Needle Insertion

Phlebology The Journal of Venous Disease ◽

10.1177/026835559300800107 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 27-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

W. P. Bundens

Keyword(s):

Prospective Study ◽

Outcome Measures ◽

Varicose Vein ◽

San Diego ◽

Outpatient Surgery ◽

Varicose Veins ◽

Needle Insertion ◽

University Of California ◽

Horizontal Position ◽

La Jolla

Objective: To demonstrate the efficacy of the use of a large contoured thigh cuff to distend varicose veins, with the patient in a horizontal position, prior to needle insertion for sclerotherapy. Design: Prospective study in varicose vein patients treated by injection-compression sclerotherapy. Setting: Outpatient Surgery Clinic, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California. Patients: Patients presenting with varicose veins on the lower thigh and below. Interventions: Patients underwent injection-compression sclerotherapy. Needles insertion was done with the patient in a horizontal position after veins were distended using a large contoured thigh cuff. Main outcome measures: Successful vein distension and needle insertion. Results: Ninety-five percent of patients had adequate vein distension for needle insertion. Conclusion: Vein distension, prior to needle insertion for sclerotherapy can be achieved by using a large contoured thigh cuff.

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Varicose Veins: optimum compression after surgery and sclerotherapy

Journal of The Royal Naval Medical Service ◽

10.1136/jrnms-76-101 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 76 (2) ◽

pp. 101-104

Author(s):

P. J. Shouler ◽

P. C. Runchman

Keyword(s):

Surgical Treatment ◽

Varicose Vein ◽

Varicose Veins ◽

Compression Stocking ◽

Compression Stockings ◽

Varicose Vein Surgery ◽

High Compression ◽

Graduated Compression Stockings ◽

Non Surgical Treatment

SummaryGraduated compression stockings are used in both surgical and non-surgical treatment of varicose veins. In a trial of high versus low compression stockings (40mmHg vs 15mmHg at ankle) after varicose vein surgery, both were equally effective in controlling bruising and thrombophlebitis, but low compression stockings proved to be more comfortable.In a further trial after sclerotherapy, high compression stockings alone produced comparable results to Elastocrepe® bandages with stockings. It is concluded that after varicose vein surgery low compression stockings provide adequate support for the leg and that after sclerotherapy, bandaging is not required if a high compression stocking is used.

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