scholarly journals Current state of cannabis use, policies, and research across sixteen countries: Cross-Country Comparisons and International perspectives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramdas Ransing ◽  
Pedro Antonio de la Rosa ◽  
Victor Pereira-Sanchez ◽  
Jibril I.M Handuleh ◽  
Stefan Jerotic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Current State ◽  
International Perspectives ◽  
Cross Country

scholarly journals Current state of evidence of cannabis utilization for treatment of autism spectrum disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rumi Agarwal ◽  
Shanna L. Burke ◽  
Marlaina Maddux
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Current State ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The core symptoms and co-morbidities associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) affect daily living and quality of life. Existing pharmacological interventions are only able to attenuate some related symptoms but are unable to address the underlying etiologies associated with ASD. Anecdotal evidence, which claims benefit from the use of cannabis to treat symptoms among this population, has been gaining popularity as families seek solutions. This paper analyzed recent peer-reviewed literature to identify the current state of evidence regarding cannabis use for the ASD population. Systematic reviews, reports, and experimental studies were assessed to understand the current extent and nature of the evidence on the risks and benefits of cannabis use for ASD. At this time, three large-scale clinical trials are currently at varying stages of progress and publication of results. Only five small studies were identified that have specifically examined cannabis use in ASD. Given the sparse state of evidence directly assessed in this population, studies which examined effects of cannabis on shared pathological symptoms of ASD such as hyperactivity, sleep disorders, self-injury, anxiety, behavioral problems, and communication were also reviewed. Studies revealed mixed and inconclusive findings of cannabis effects for all conditions, except epilepsy. Adverse outcomes were also reported, which included severe psychosis, increased agitation, somnolence, decreased appetite, and irritability. In addition, a wide range of cannabis compositions and dosage were identified within the studies, which impact generalizability. There is currently insufficient evidence for cannabis use in ASD, which creates an urgent need for additional large-scale controlled studies to increase understanding of risks and benefits and also to examine the impact of “entourage effects.” This will support discussions of treatment options between health care providers and ASD patients and their families. Evidence may lead to a desired new line of treatment or prevent adverse outcomes from unsubstantiated use amongst families aiming for symptom reduction.

Cannabis consumption and psychosis or schizophrenia development

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 690-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Bettina Ortiz-Medina ◽  
Marta Perea ◽  
Julio Torales ◽  
Antonio Ventriglio ◽  
Giovanna Vitrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Current State ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vulnerable People ◽  
Cannabis Consumption ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: Cannabis consumption produces psychopathology, in some cases psychotic episodes, which are of our interest in this work. However, the relationship between cannabis use and psychosis has not been fully elucidated. The objectives of this work are to (1) review the current state of knowledge on the association of cannabis use with the risk of the development of psychosis or psychotic symptoms in people without schizophrenia and (2) assess the consistency of the hypothesis that cannabis use is associated with increased risk of psychosis in people without schizophrenia. Method: This work included research done in humans until May 2018 with the keywords ‘cannabis’ and ‘psychosis’, published in English and Spanish, in the PubMed database. Results: In all, 66 papers were analyzed, of which 23 were cohort trials and 43 were reviews. Conclusion: Cannabis use doubles the risk of developing psychosis in vulnerable people. There even exists a relationship regarding the dose used and the age of first use. Gene–environment interactions that modulate the association between cannabis use and the presence of psychosis have also been described.

scholarly journals An assessment of the literature on cause-related marketing: implications for international competitiveness and marketing research

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 977-1012
Author(s):  
Demetris Vrontis ◽  
Michael Christofi ◽  
Constantine S. Katsikeas
Keyword(s):  
Research Evidence ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cause Related Marketing ◽  
Current State ◽  
International Perspectives ◽  
Growing Domain ◽  
Research Stream

PurposeA substantial, albeit scattered, body of research evidence is accumulating in the cause-related marketing (CRM) research stream. Thus, there is a need of a systematic overview of extant literature to map and holistically understand the CRM domain.Design/methodology/approachTo address this issue and make progress in this important area, the authors systematically review and critically examine the state of academic research on CRM.FindingsBased on a systematic review of 105 journal articles published over the past 30 years, the results reveal that CRM research is a vibrant and rapidly growing domain in the broader marketing field. This assessment exercise also shows that the current state of knowledge about CRM is characterized by persisting knowledge gaps, conflicting empirical results, theoretical inconsistencies, as well as by the absence of international marketing research on the CRM domain.Originality/valueTherefore, the authors critically evaluate the extant CRM research with the aim of increasing its coherence, quality, scope, impact and international dimension. Based on this evaluation, the authors develop an ambitious research agenda that addresses a number of promising research paths embracing different international perspectives. Finally, the authors discuss the contributions to the literature and the implications for both academics and practitioners.

Review of Easterly’s The Elusive Quest for Growth

2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 907-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Wacziarg
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Debt Relief ◽  
Empirical Knowledge ◽  
Vicious Cycle ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Current Consumption ◽  
The World ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Factor Accumulation

William Easterly's superb book draws on what we have learned from almost two decades of cross-country growth comparisons, providing a critical synthesis of the current state of empirical knowledge on growth. The author emphasizes policy and institution-driven incentives for growth, and also critically surveys evidence for more traditional sources of growth such as factor accumulation. Another contribution of the book is an accessible and detailed description of the vicious cycle of adjustment loans directed by the World Bank and IMF at countries that squander these resources in current consumption rather than investment, leading to stagnant growth, debt crises, debt relief and further adjustment loans.

scholarly journals A Review of the Provision of Social and Emotional Learning in Australia, the United States, Poland, and Portugal

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence Bowles ◽  
Shane Jimerson ◽  
Aaron Haddock ◽  
Julene Nolan ◽  
Slawomir Jablonski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Social And Emotional Learning ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Emotional Learning ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Current State ◽  
International Perspectives ◽  
The Future ◽  
Minimum Requirements

The aim of this research is to gather preliminary information from a range of countries to develop an international perspective on Social and Emotional Learning (SEL). Currently, there is no cohesive international statement on the minimum requirements to provide SEL in schools. By bringing together a range of international perspectives it is intended that clarity will be provided from which new approaches and initiatives can be developed and researched. International researchers familiar with SEL programs in their country were asked to answer five questions about the context and processes used to teach SEL in specific countries to begin an understanding and synthesis of best practice. These questions relate to: (1) sociocultural contexts of school systems, (2) the range of SEL programs presented in each country and what is common about these programs, (3) the effectiveness of prominent SEL programs, (4) the facilitators and barriers that exist to effectively present SEL programs within the country, and (5) recommendations for the future of SEL programs. A synthesis is followed by a discussion of the future of SEL and how the SEL Interest Group may make a contribution to the current state of the literature, curriculum, pedagogy, and research that informs SEL in schools.

scholarly journals Reappraising the Legacy of Colonialism: The Value of an Island Sample A Response to Bertram

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-260
Author(s):  
James Feyrer ◽  
Bruce Sacerdote
Keyword(s):  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Income Differences ◽  
Current State ◽  
Island Sample ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Recent Version ◽  
Unit Of Observation

In this brief article, we respond to Geoff Bertram’s overview of the current state of research into the legacy of colonial institutions. We make the general case for islands as a useful unit of observation in thinking about cross country income differences. The nature of island exploration and settlement provides a unique natural experiment that is not available in a mainland sample of countries. However, we feel that the results provide useful insights to the general literature about the relationship between colonialism and income. We also respond to Bertram’s criticisms of our data and sample selection. In many cases, problems he identifies have been addressed in the most recent version of our work.

scholarly journals Cannabis use in cancer: a survey of the current state at BC Cancer before recreational legalization in Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hawley ◽  
M. Gobbo
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Health Care Professional ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Patients Experience ◽  
Multiple Symptoms

Background Cancer patients experience multiple symptoms throughout their illness, and some report benefit from the use of cannabis. There are concerns that many patients are accessing products inappropriate for their situation and potentially putting themselves at risk. In the present study, we aimed to capture the prevalence of cannabis use among cancer patients at BC Cancer before recreational legalization in Canada and to identify the reasons that patients take cannabis, the various routes of administration they use, and the reasons that prior users stopped.Methods Patients were eligible if, on the selected study day (15 August 2018), they were scheduled for an appointment at any of the 6 BC Cancer sites. Eligible patients were mailed a survey.Results Of surveys sent to 2998 patients, 821 (27.4%) were returned and included in analysis. Of those respondents, 23% were currently using cannabis-based products, almost exclusively for medical purposes, and an additional 28% had been users in the past (most often recreationally). Of the patients currently using cannabis, 31% had medical authorization. The most common symptoms that the current users were targeting were pain, insomnia, nausea, and anxiety; many were also hoping for anticancer effects.Conclusions More than half the respondents had tried cannabis at some time, and almost one quarter of respondents were currently taking cannabis to help manage their symptoms or treat their cancer, or both. Many more patients would consider use with appropriate guidance from a health care professional. More research is needed to inform physicians and patients about safe uses and doses and about the potential adverse effects of cannabis use.

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