scholarly journals Salivary Inflammatory Mediators in Cancer Diagnosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Mohammad F. ◽  
Hala M. Sbaih ◽  
Mohamed J. Saadh
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Serum Biomarkers ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Salivary Biomarkers ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Invasive Techniques

Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide; it can be successfully treated in the early stages. Screening for cancer should be performed in safe, accurate, cost-effective, and non-invasive techniques and therefore achieved the patient convenience. The salivary diagnosis could be a promising era in oncological fields, which have some correlations with serum biomarkers in certain cancers. In this paper, we reviewed some of the salivary biomarkers in detecting different cancers and their origins [genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, and microbiota].

OP68 Value-Engineered Translation: An Example for Bladder Cancer Diagnosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (S1) ◽  
pp. 17-17
Author(s):  
Andrew Sutton ◽  
John Lamont ◽  
R. Evans ◽  
Kate Williamson ◽  
Declan O'Rourke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Stage Of Development

IntroductionThe Institute of Health Economics offers a suite of analyses that provide developers an understanding of the expected commercial viability of an early stage health technology. In combination, these analyses form the Value-Engineered Translation framework. These methods incorporate innovative methods to manage uncertainty in early economic evaluations, in particular, moving beyond current stochastic assessments of headroom to account for inter-market variability in value hurdles, as well as incorporating social value premia considerations. An illustration of these methods is demonstrated using the example of a non-invasive diagnostic test (called DCRSHP) at an early stage of development, compared to current practice of cystoscopy in the diagnosis of bladder cancer.MethodsCompeting technologies were identified to inform the headroom assessment based on price and effectiveness. Then, a model-based cost-effectiveness analysis was undertaken incorporating headroom analysis, stochastic one-way sensitivity analysis, and value of information analysis using data from secondary sources.ResultsCurrently there are a number of non-invasive tests available, but none have sufficient test accuracy to be suitable for bladder cancer diagnosis alone. From the headroom analysis, DCRSHP can be priced at up to CAD 790 (i.e. USD 588) and still be cost-effective compared to the current practice of cystoscopy. Interestingly this price can be increased for patient groups that have lower levels of bladder cancer prevalence.ConclusionsThe requirements of economic evaluations depend on the stage of technology development, and analysis approaches must reflect this. The results here indicate that DCRSHP clears the value hurdle in terms of being cost-effective, and thus provides the opportunity to make a commercial return on future investment. Future analysis of DCRSHP could consider the cost drivers for development of the technology, including the regulatory pathways, costs associated with the intellectual asset management for the technology, and alternative manufacturing costs. All of which contribute to the research-to-practice continuum.

scholarly journals Salivary molecular spectroscopy: a rapid and non-invasive monitoring tool for diabetes mellitus during insulin treatment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.C. Caixeta ◽  
E. M. G. Aguiar ◽  
L. Cardoso-Sousa ◽  
L.M.D Coelho ◽  
S.W. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Molecular Spectroscopy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Vibrational Modes ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Salivary Biomarkers ◽  
Diabetes Monitoring

AbstractMonitoring of blood glucose is an invasive, painful and costly practice in diabetes. Consequently, the search for a more cost-effective (reagent-free), non-invasive and specific diabetes monitoring method is of great interest. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy has been used in diagnosis of several diseases, however, applications in the monitoring of diabetic treatment are just beginning to emerge. Here, we used ATR-FTIR spectroscopy to evaluate saliva of non-diabetic (ND), diabetic (D) and diabetic 6U-treated of insulin (D6U) rats to identify potential salivary biomarkers related to glucose monitoring. The spectrum of saliva of ND, D and D6U rats displayed several unique vibrational modes and from these, two vibrational modes were pre-validated as potential diagnostic biomarkers by ROC curve analysis with significant correlation with glycemia. Compared to the ND and D6U rats, classification of D rats was achieved with a sensitivity of 100%, and an average specificity of 93.33% and 100% using bands 1452 cm−1 and 836 cm−1, respectively. Moreover, 1452 cm−1 and 836 cm−1 spectral bands proved to be robust spectral biomarkers and highly correlated with glycemia (R2 of 0.801 and 0.788, P < 0.01, respectively). Both PCA-LDA and HCA classifications achieved an accuracy of 95.2%. Spectral salivary biomarkers discovered using univariate and multivariate analysis may provide a novel robust alternative for diabetes monitoring using a non-invasive and green technology.

scholarly journals Intracranial pressure monitoring

2015 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 193-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Abraham ◽  
Vasudha Singhal
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter ◽  
Icp Monitoring ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Injured Brain ◽  
Neurological Patients ◽  
Catheter Tip ◽  
Long Term Prognosis ◽  
Invasive Techniques

AbstractBrain specific monitoring enables detection and prevention of secondary cerebral insults, especially in the injured brain, thereby preventing permanent neurological damage. Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is widely used in various neurological, neurosurgical and even medical conditions, both intraoperatively and in critical care, to improve patient outcome. It is especially useful in patients with traumatic brain injury, as a robust predictor of cerebral perfusion, and can help to guide therapy and assess long-term prognosis. Intraventricular catheters remain the gold standard for ICP monitoring, as they are the most reliable, accurate and cost-effective, and allow therapeutic cerebrospinal fluid drainage. Newer fibreoptic catheter tip and microchip transducer techniques have revolutionised ICP monitoring, with their ease of insertion in patients with narrow ventricles, and reduced risk of infection and haemorrhage. Furthermore, non-invasive methods of ICP monitoring, such as transcranial Doppler, optic nerve sheath diameter, etc., have emerged as promising techniques for screening patients with raised ICP in settings where invasive techniques are either not feasible (patients with severe coagulopathy) or not available (setups without access to a neurosurgeon). Therefore, ICP monitoring, as a part of multi-modality neuromonitoring, is a useful tool in the armamentarium of the neuro-intensivist in decreasing morbidity and mortality of critically ill neurological patients.

scholarly journals Comparative study of FNAC and histopathology of thyroid swellings, diagnostic accuracy and role in its management

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 885
Author(s):  
Abhay Kumar ◽  
Sunil Kumar Singh Bhadouriya ◽  
Prem Narain ◽  
Jitendra Pratap Singh Chauhan ◽  
Bhartendu Bharti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Medullary Carcinoma ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Oncocytic Neoplasm ◽  
Undetermined Significance

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Even if non-surgical and non-invasive techniques can provide a diagnosis, the ultimate answer rests in the histopathological examination of the excised thyroid tissue. This study was carried out with the objective of comparing the findings of the two tests namely FNAC and HPE and suggestions for the future. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">This two year prospective study involved 295 outdoor cases with thyroid lesions at UPRIMS &amp; R, Saifai, Etawah, U.P. The preoperative FNAC and postoperative histopathology reports were correlated and conclusions drawn after statistical analysis.  </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">More than half (65.4% cases) the number of thyroid FNACs were diagnosed as colloid goitre. Diagnostic categorization of 295 thyroid FNACs based on Bathesda classification showed that 239 (81.01%) cases were cytologically benign, 2 cases (0.68 %) were under atypia </span><span lang="EN-IN">of undetermined significance (AUS) while six  cases (2.03%) under  the  neoplasm  category- follicular. Suspicious for malignancy category included two cases (0.68%)- hyalinizing trabecular adenoma/columnar variant of papillary carcinoma and medullary carcinoma/oncocytic neoplasm. Under the malignant category, there were fourteen cases (4.05%) cytologically diagnosed and in the inadequate/non-diagnostic category there were 32 cases (10.85%) of cases. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">FNAC is a simple, safe and cost effective modality in investigation of thyroid disease with high accuracy and specificity.</span></p>

scholarly journals Skin cancer detection using non-invasive techniques

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (49) ◽  
pp. 28095-28130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vigneswaran Narayanamurthy ◽  
P. Padmapriya ◽  
A. Noorasafrin ◽  
B. Pooja ◽  
K. Hema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Skin Cancer Detection

Recent advances in non-invasive techniques for skin cancer diagnosis.

scholarly journals Salivary Biomarkers of Nutritional Status: a Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Logan ◽  
Sara Megan Wallace ◽  
Jayne Woodside ◽  
Gerald McKenna
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Salivary Biomarkers

AbstractIntroduction:Full nutritional assessments are currently complex and invasive. There is a need for a non-invasive, timely and cost-effective method to assess nutritional status. Evidence indicates the usefulness of saliva in diagnosing oral or systemic disorders. Saliva is suggested to be a reliable and non-invasive matrix in which to measure nutritional biomarkers. The aim of this work was to systematically review the evidence for salivary biomarkers as indicators of nutritional status.Materials and Methods:Studies identifying salivary biomarkers in relation to nutritional status or dietary intake outcomes were included. A search strategy combined terms “saliva” AND “biomarkers” AND “nutrition”. Four databases were searched, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and Scopus. All study designs conducted in humans of all ages, from all countries and settings were included. Non-English and animal studies were excluded. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Cochrane Risk of Bias tool where applicable. (PROSPERO Registration Number:CRD42018107667)Results:6585 papers were identified, 4836 papers remained after removing duplicates, 4715 were irrelevant, 134 full-texts were assessed for eligibility and 64 papers included in the final analysis. A number of potential salivary biomarkers related to nutritional status were identified including: total protein, albumin, prealbumin, transferrin, ferritin and iron. Total protein levels in saliva in malnourished individuals were significantly different to controls in 7/10 studies (70%). In one study conducted in individuals with iron deficiency anaemia (IDA), total protein was significantly different to controls. Albumin levels in malnourished individuals were significantly different to controls in 5/8 studies (62.5%). Prealbumin and transferrin levels in malnourished individuals were significantly different to controls in 3/3 studies (100%). In one study conducted in malnourished individuals, salivary ferritin levels was significantly different to controls. Ferritin levels in individuals with IDA were significantly different to controls in 3/3 studies (100%). Iron levels in individuals with IDA were significantly different in 2/2 studies (100%). However, even within the studies above where significant differences existed, the direction of salivary biomarker differences was sometimes inconsistent. For example, total protein in malnourished individuals was significantly lower than controls in three studies, higher in three studies and one showed mixed findings. In addition, overall the quality of evidence available was very poor.Discussion:Despite conflicting evidence in salivary nutritional biomarkers in individuals with malnutrition or IDA, saliva may be a useful non-invasive matrix to assess nutritional status. Further high quality research exploring the utility of these biomarkers is required.

A review on salivary biomarkers in carcinoma diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 013-021
Author(s):  
Meena Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Pabri Reena ◽  
Singh Prashant ◽  
Rani Priya ◽  
Raj Shobhit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Invasive Carcinoma ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Minor Salivary Glands ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Salivary Biomarkers ◽  
The U.S

Carcinoma is the 2nd leading mortality in the U.S. Signs & symptoms include typically unspecific until the tumours metastasize. Hence, an urgency is there for quick, precise, and non-invasive carcinoma diagnosis, rapid detection, diagnosis, stage surveys, & forecasts. Saliva is a multi-structural fluid, found in the oral region, containing secretions from primary and minor salivary glands. Species can even be found in blood-present molecules including Deoxyribo Nucleic Acids, RNAs, hormones, metabolites, and microbiota. Recently, saliva testing received considerable interest in identifying specific biomarkers as sample collection and processing is quick, cost-effective, accurate and doesn’t put any distress on the patient. We examine recent salivary biomarkers of systemic carcinoma by separating them into genomically, transcriptomically, proteomically, metabolomic and microbially dependent forms.

A novel use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in uterine artery embolization

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Jemianne Bautista Jia ◽  
Eric Mastrolonardo ◽  
Mateen Soleman ◽  
Ilya Lekht
Keyword(s):  
Uterine Artery Embolization ◽  
Uterine Artery ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound ◽  
Artery Embolization ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Contrast Enhanced

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a cost-effective, quick, and non-invasive imaging modality that has yet to be incorporated in uterine artery embolization (UAE). We present two cases that demonstrate the utility of CEUS in UAE for the identification of uterine-ovarian collaterals which otherwise can result in ineffective fibroid treatment and non-target embolization.

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