scholarly journals Brief Assessment of Tobacco-Free Campus Policies Among University Residence Hall Employees

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Day ◽  
Ronald Williams ◽  
Barry Hunt ◽  
Michael Hall
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Residence Life ◽  
Policy Enforcement ◽  
Brief Assessment ◽  
Campus Policy ◽  
Student Employees

The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of tobacco-free campus policies among residence life student employees. A survey was developed and administered to resident advisors yielding a total sample of 114 participants. Results showed differences between the tobacco-users’ and non-users’ age, tobacco-related health beliefs, and tobacco-free policy support. Tobacco users (47.6%) were also less likely than non-users (84.9%) to view tobacco use as a serious health risk (p<.001), as well as less likely to support a tobacco free campus (33.3% vs. 78.3%; p<.001). Residence life employees who use tobacco and those who do not use tobacco had different beliefs of effective enforcement strategies, which is important since this population is often part of the on-campus policy enforcement staff.  

TABS: The Development and Testing of a Nicotine and Tobacco Use Research Tool

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-433
Author(s):  
Shai Lev ◽  
Strianie Shaina Louis ◽  
Rosemary Collier ◽  
Geraldine R. Britton
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Process Evaluation ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Campus Policy ◽  
And Behavior

Background and PurposeTobacco use is declining but the use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) has increased in young populations. The Interdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Program (ITURP) developed a survey assessing tobacco and ENDS use, and a tobacco-free campus policy. This project analyzes the reliability and validity of the Tobacco Attitude and Behavior Survey (TABS).MethodsContent and face validity, factor analysis, Cronbach's Alpha, and a process evaluation were assessed.ResultsFactor analysis revealed four constructs. Cronbach's alpha was .70. Process evaluation revealed that students involvement in TABS allowed rapid assessment of changes in ENDS use, and to modify questions based on student feedback.ConclusionReliability and validity are adequate for a new tool.

scholarly journals People Who Inject Drugs and Have Mood Disorders—A Brief Assessment of Health Risk Behaviors

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 1175-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey Carroll Williams ◽  
Melissa Ann Davey-Rothwell ◽  
Karin E. Tobin ◽  
Carl Latkin
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
People Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Health Risk Behaviors ◽  
Brief Assessment

Students’ Beliefs About and Perceived Effectiveness of a Tobacco-Free Campus Policy

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda J. Ickes ◽  
Mary Kay Rayens ◽  
Amanda Wiggins ◽  
Ellen J. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Perceived Effectiveness ◽  
Domestic Students ◽  
Campus Policy ◽  
Shs Exposure ◽  
Measures Of Effectiveness ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke ◽  
E Mail

Tobacco-free (TF) college campus policies have potential to be a high-impact tobacco control strategy. The purposes of the study presented here were to (a) determine the demographic and personal characteristics associated with students’ beliefs about and perceived effectiveness of a TF campus policy and (b) assess whether tobacco use status and exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) predicted beliefs and perceived effectiveness. Five thousand randomly selected students from a large southeastern university were invited by e-mail to participate in an online survey in April 2013, three and a half years after policy implementation. Students held positive beliefs about the policy (average rating 84% of the maximum possible score). Sixty-one percent believed that the policy was successful at reducing SHS exposure; and 40% thought the policy encouraged quitting. Males were less likely than females to believe the policy was effective in reducing SHS exposure and encouraging quitting. Lower undergraduates were more likely to perceive the policy as less effective in reducing SHS exposure; international students were more likely than domestic students to perceive the policy as more effective at encouraging quitting. Students most exposed to SHS were less likely to perceive the policy was effective. Compared with nonusers, those who smoked cigarettes were less likely to perceive the policy as effective in encouraging quitting. Tailored messaging regarding policy benefits are necessary. Perceived effectiveness of TF policies may be related to compliance with the policy and should be further investigated. Objective measures of effectiveness and tobacco use behaviors are needed to fully measure the success of TF campus policies.

Relationships Among Meeting Physical-Activity Guidelines and Health Risk Behaviors

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 776-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Walker ◽  
Jody Langdon ◽  
Krystina Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Health Risk Behaviors ◽  
College Health ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines ◽  
The Relationship

Background:Young adults have the highest participation in physical activity but also have the highest incidence rates of binge drinking, cigarette smoking, and smokeless tobacco use. We examined these factors to determine whether there are relationships among physical activity and health risk behaviors.Methods:We conducted correlation and χ2 analyses using the American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment fall 2009 data set (N = 34,208) to examine the relationship among meeting physical-activity guidelines, binge drinking, and tobacco use among survey participants.Results:The data suggest a positive relationship between meeting physical-activity guidelines and binge drinking, with the strongest relationship between those reporting binge drinking 4 times in a 2-week period. Meeting physical-activity guidelines was negatively associated with cigarette use but positively associated with all other types of tobacco use.Conclusion:Associations between physical activity and binge-drinking episodes indicate a need to address the relationship between heavy drinking and alcohol dependence and physical-activity behavior patterns. Further studies should examine relationships between physical activity and binge drinking in other age groups. Results also suggest the need to examine differing associations between physical activity and types of tobacco use.

scholarly journals Campus Smoking Policies and Smoking-Related Twitter Posts Originating From California Public Universities: Retrospective Study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua S Yang ◽  
Raphael E Cuomo ◽  
Vidya Purushothaman ◽  
Matthew Nali ◽  
Neal Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
California State University ◽  
University Of California ◽  
State University ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Campus Policy ◽  
Smoking Policies ◽  
Positive Sentiment ◽  
Chi Square Tests

BACKGROUND The number of colleges and universities with smoke- or tobacco-free campus policies has been increasing. The effects of campus smoking policies on overall sentiment, particularly among young adult populations, are more difficult to assess owing to the changing tobacco and e-cigarette product landscape and differential attitudes toward policy implementation and enforcement. OBJECTIVE The goal of the study was to retrospectively assess the campus climate toward tobacco use by comparing tweets from California universities with and those without smoke- or tobacco-free campus policies. METHODS Geolocated Twitter posts from 2015 were collected using the Twitter public application programming interface in combination with cloud computing services on Amazon Web Services. Posts were filtered for tobacco products and behavior-related keywords. A total of 42,877,339 posts were collected from 2015, with 2837 originating from a University of California or California State University system campus, and 758 of these manually verified as being about smoking. Chi-square tests were conducted to determine if there were significant differences in tweet user sentiments between campuses that were smoke- or tobacco-free (all University of California campuses and California State University, Fullerton) compared to those that were not. A separate content analysis of tweets included in chi-square tests was conducted to identify major themes by campus smoking policy status. RESULTS The percentage of positive sentiment tweets toward tobacco use was higher on campuses without a smoke- or tobacco-free campus policy than on campuses with a smoke- or tobacco-free campus policy (76.7% vs 66.4%, <i>P</i>=.03). Higher positive sentiment on campuses without a smoke- or tobacco-free campus policy may have been driven by general comments about one’s own smoking behavior and comments about smoking as a general behavior. Positive sentiment tweets originating from campuses without a smoke- or tobacco-free policy had greater variation in tweet type, which may have also contributed to differences in sentiment among universities. CONCLUSIONS Our study introduces preliminary data suggesting that campus smoke- and tobacco-free policies are associated with a reduction in positive sentiment toward smoking. However, continued expressions and intentions to smoke and reports of one’s own smoking among Twitter users suggest a need for more research to better understand the dynamics between implementation of smoke- and tobacco-free policies and resulting tobacco behavioral sentiment.

scholarly journals Pattern of tobacco consumption and related factors among the people residing in a rural area

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirmeen Rifat Khan ◽  
Afzalur Rahman Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Monthly Family Income ◽  
Harmful Effects

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with an aim to find out the pattern of tobacco consumption and its related factors in a rural area of Sripur upazilla under Gajipur district of Bangladesh. The study was carried out from February 2010 to June 2010. Total sample was 361. Mean age of respondents was 39.01 years with standard deviation of ±13.54 years. Among them 85.04% and 14.96% were male and female respectively. Most (27.16%) of them were illiterate and 26.86% were able to write their name only. Maximum were businessman (25.48%) followed by day laborers (20.23%). Their mean monthly family income was 8,867.31 taka with SD of ± 7733.56 taka and 39.88% of them had monthly family income equal or below 5000 taka. The most frequent types of tobacco use among male was cigarette smoking (77.20%) and among female, consumption of jarda was 81.48%. The mean age of starting tobacco consumption was around 22 years and mean duration of consumption was nearly 17 years. Regarding causes behind tobacco consumption, majority (29.92%) answered 'addiction'. Mean daily expenditure on tobacco consumption was 24 taka. Maximum (90%) were known about harmful effects of tobacco consumption and regarding harmful effects they mentioned 'cancer' in 74.54% cases and 'tuberculosis' in 64.7%. The findings of this study suggest that, tobacco use is more prevalent among the poor, illiterate middle-aged segment of the population.Bangladesh Med J. 2015 Jan; 44 (1): 32-37

Abstract 17306: Primary Prevention Aspirin Use Trends and Associations With Health Beliefs Among African Americans, 2015-2019

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy R Vant Hof ◽  
Jeffrey Misialek ◽  
Niki C Oldenburg ◽  
Russell V Luepker ◽  
Milton Eder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Health Care Practitioner ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Media

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) disproportionately affects African Americans. Aspirin has long been recommended as an option to reduce cardiovascular events. However, recent clinical trials involving primary prevention aspirin have prompted changes in national guidelines restricting the aspirin recommended population. Hypothesis: Primary prevention aspirin use will decline over the 5 year period 2015-2019. Methods: Using 3 cross-sectional surveys, data were collected from self-identified African Americans in 2015, 2017 and 2019, querying information on CVD risk factors, health behaviors and beliefs, and aspirin use. Poisson regression modeling was used to estimate age- and risk-factor adjusted aspirin prevalence, trends and associations. Results: A total of 1,491 African Americans adults, ages 45-79, 61% women and no prior CVD completed surveys and were included in this analysis. There was no change in age- and risk factor-adjusted aspirin use over the 3 surveys for women (37%, 34% and 35% respectively) or men (27%, 25%, 30% respectively). However, fewer participants believed aspirin was helpful in 2019--75% vs 84% in 2015 (p<0.05). In the total sample (n=1,491) aspirin discussions with a health care practitioner were highly associated with aspirin use (aRR 2.97, 95% CI 2.49-3.54), as were several health beliefs and social norms that affirm preventive behaviors and aspirin use (Figure). Conclusion: Despite major changes in national guidelines and negative perceptions of aspirin effectiveness in the media, overall primary prevention aspirin use did not significantly change in this African American sample from 2015 to 2019.

Appealing to economic (vs. health) risk may be more effective to fight COVID-19: A multilevel analysis in 24 countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia F Nisa ◽  
Jocelyn Belanger ◽  
Birga Mareen Schumpe ◽  
Edyta Sasin ◽  
PsyCorona team ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Economic Risk ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Zero Sum ◽  
Representative Samples

This paper examines whether compliance with COVID-19 mitigation measures is motivated by wanting to save lives or save the economy (or both), and which implications this carries to fight the pandemic. National representative samples were collected from 24 countries (N=25,435). The main predictors were (i) perceived risk to contract coronavirus, (ii) perceived risk to suffer economic losses due to coronavirus, and (iii) their interaction effect. Individual and country-level variables were added as covariates in multilevel regression models. We examined compliance with various preventive health behaviors and support for strict containment policies. Results show that perceived economic risk consistently predicted mitigation behavior and policy support - and its effects were positive. Perceived health risk had mixed effects. Only two significant interactions between health and economic risk were identified – both positive. These results do not corroborate the view that people engage in health versus economy zero-sum thinking in the fight against COVID-19.

Correlates of Tobacco Use and Consumption Among Hospitalized Psychiatric Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1121-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chizimuzo T. C. Okoli ◽  
Sarret Seng
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Smoke Free Policy ◽  
Lower Education

Using a cross-sectional analysis, we assessed correlates of tobacco use and tobacco consumption from inpatient records ( N = 2,060) from a state psychiatric hospital. We used multivariate logistic regression analyses to examine correlates of tobacco use in the total sample and multivariate linear regression to examine correlates of tobacco consumption among tobacco users. Tobacco-use associated variables in the total sample were being male, being White, lower education, having a substance-use disorder/treatment, having an externalizing or psychotic disorder, being from a rural county, being younger, and shorter length of hospital stay. Among tobacco users ( n = 1,153), correlates of amount of tobacco consumption were being male; being White; lower education; having an internalizing, externalizing, and psychotic disorder; using cigarettes; and living in a county without a smoke-free policy. Psychiatric patients should be screened for specific associative variables as part of tobacco-use assessments. Future research may expand on the current findings to develop strategies to enhance tobacco treatment among psychiatric patients.

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