تقييد اللّفظ المفسَّر بـ (الأمر) و(الشّيء) في المعاجم اللّغويّة

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.47798/awuj.2021.i63.08 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. arabic cover-english cover

Author(s):

عبد الكريم عبد القادر عبد الله اعقيلان

Keyword(s):

Intangible Assets ◽

Linguistic Differences ◽

Modification Process ◽

Descriptive Approach ◽

Linguistic Modification ◽

Structural Aspects

يهدف البحث إلى وصف ظاهرة تقييد اللّفظ المفسَّر بـ (الأمر) و(الشّيء) في المعاجم اللّغويّة وتحليلها، من خلال التّطبيق على لسان العرب لـ (ابن منظور)، إذ تَعْمَدُ المعاجم إلى استخدام التّقييد بهذين القيدين لتوضيح معاني الألفاظ، وهو ما دعا إلى دراسة هذه الظاهرة والبحث في أسبابها وضوابطها. اعتمد البحث على المنهج الوصفيّ التّحليليّ لتحقيق الأهداف الآتية: بيان أهمّيّة التّقييد بـ (الأمر) و(الشّيء)، والكشف عن صور التّقييد بهما في الجانب الصّرفي والتّركيبيّ، وبيان أبرز الفروق بينهما، وأخيرًا تحديد الآفاق التي تضبط عمليّة التّقييد بهما. ومن أبرز نتائج البحث: أنّ استعمال المعاجم لهذين اللّفظين قد اعتمد على ما يتّصفانِ به من إغراق في الإبهام، وتمثيلهما لطرفي الموجودات الماديّة والمعنويّة، وأنّ عملية ضبط استعمالهما تعتمد على شبكة من العلاقات يُقيمها المؤلّف لتحقيق غرضه في عرض الألفاظ وتفسيرها. الكلمات المفتاحيّة: التّقييد اللّغويّ، المعاجم اللّغويّة، الدّلالة المادّية والمعنويّة، الفروق اللّغويّة، العلاقات السّياقيّة Abstract The research aims to describe and analyze the phenomenon of modification of the word interpreted by (Al-Amr –الأمر) and (Ash-shay’ – الشّيء) in the linguistic lexicons, with the use of (Lessan Al Arab) written by (Ibn Manzour) as a model. The lexicons apply these two modifications to clarify the meaning of the words, this is why this phenomenon was studied and its causes and criteria were researched. The research was based on the analytical descriptive approach to reach the following targets: stating the importance of the Modification with (Al-Amr – الأمر) and (Ash-shay’ – الشّيء), the detection of forms of their modification in morphological and structural aspects and stating the most prominent differences between them, and finally, identifying the prospects that control the modification process. The most prominent results of the research are the use of lexicons for these two modifiers depended on the so-called ambiguity of them, and their representation of both sides of tangible and intangible assets and the process of controlling their use depends on relationships with multi-components established by the author to achieve its purpose in displaying and interpreting words. Keywords: Linguistic Modification, Linguistic Lexicons, Tangible and Intangible Semantics, Linguistic Differences, Contextual Relations

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Speech Act (Im)Politeness and Audiovisual Constraints in Translation for Dubbing

Journal of Audiovisual Translation ◽

10.47476/jat.v3i2.2020.119 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 29-46

Author(s):

Vittorio Napoli

Keyword(s):

Present Article ◽

Original Film ◽

Speech Act ◽

Target Language ◽

Language Version ◽

Modification Process ◽

Audiovisual Translation ◽

Linguistic Modification ◽

Pragmatic Strategies

The present article sets out to explore the under-researched relationship between linguistic (im)politeness and audiovisual translation, by taking the speech act of requests as object of analysis in English films and in their dubbed Italian versions. As dubbing constraints often lead translators to depart substantially from the original utterance, the study shows how linguistic changes can result in alterations of the (im)polite load inherent in the requests from original film versions. The study focuses on pragmatic strategies for realizing requests in English film dialogues and shows that dubbing constraints may underlie the adoption of different pragmatic strategies for the requests of target-language dialogues. The (im)politeness shifts that this linguistic modification process entails may make the same character come across as more or less (im)polite in the target-language version and are, for this reason, worth investigating.

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Implementation of Estrus Synchronization and Artificial Insemination Program (GBIB) in West Waringin Kota District, Central Kalimantan Province of Indonesia

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201815006039 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 150 ◽

pp. 06039

Author(s):

Tresia Kristiana ◽

Harapin Hafid

Keyword(s):

Program Implementation ◽

Artificial Insemination ◽

Successful Implementation ◽

Estrus Synchronization ◽

Self Sufficiency ◽

Religious Festivals ◽

Qualitative Descriptive ◽

Descriptive Approach ◽

The Government ◽

Structural Aspects

The government has launched a program of self-sufficiency in meat as an effort to overcome the shortage of beef supply to meet the needs of the community, especially when the day of religious festivities. GBIB program Implementation is expected to meet the needs of the community will be beef, as demand for beef is always soaring demand every year, especially ahead of religious festivals. To discuss and review the implementation of the program stretcher author uses the theory EDWARDS III to determine the success or failure of the implementation of the program in the district of Kota Waringin Barat. Issues to be examined are 1) the quality and quantity of resources, 2) communication and dissemination program, 3) Attitude 4) Bureaucracy. This will be the focus to see the successful implementation of the program of snapping / sync Lust and optimize of GBIB in the district of Kota Waringin. This study uses the concept of a qualitative descriptive approach with the aim of providing an overview of how the implementation of the field program and then analyzed using the theory of Edwards III. The results of this study show that: 1) Aspects of Resource (HR, Information, Privileges and amenities), some support as the support means the production of drugs / vitamins and breeding stock (straw) superior adequate and well as the authority and the information available is quite good, while some aspects that do not support such as: HR, execution time, geographical conditions, transport facilities support, 2) aspect Communications (Transmission, Clarity, Consistency and Coordination) strongly supports the implementation of the program GBIB is 3) aspects of attitude (attitude implementer, Support Leader, Incentives for implementing and Transparency), relatively supportive in this program, and 4) Structural Aspects of Bureaucracy (SOP and Fragmentation) still do not support the implementation of the Program snapping Sexual arousal and this Artificial Insemination.

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Structural aspects of osmoregulation in porphyra

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100082923 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 412-413

Author(s):

C. Wiencke ◽

A. Lauchli

Keyword(s):

Culture Medium ◽

Point Of View ◽

Chemical Fixation ◽

Cellular Organization ◽

Osmotic Adaptation ◽

Osmotic Balance ◽

Activity Of Enzymes ◽

Osmotic Agents ◽

Vacuolar System ◽

Structural Aspects

Osmoregulatory mechanisms in algae were investigated mainly from a physiological point of view (KAUSS 1977, HELLEBUST 1976). In Porphyra two osmotic agents, i. e. floridoside/isofloridoside (KAUSS 1968) and certain ions, such as K+ and Na+(EPPLEY et al. 1960) are considered for osmotic balance. Accumulations of ions (particularly Na+) in the cytoplasm during osmotic adaptation is improbable, because the activity of enzymes is generally inhibited by high ionic concentrations (FLOWERS et al. 1977).The cellular organization of Porphyra was studied with special emphasis on the development of the vacuolar system under different hyperosmotic conditions. Porphyra was cultivated at various strengths of the culture medium ASP 12 (PROVASOLI 1961) ranging from normal to 6 times concentrated (6x) culture medium. Por electron microscopy freeze fracturing was used (specimens fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde and incubated in 30% glycerol, preparation in a BALZERS BA 360 M apparatus), because chemical fixation gave poor results.

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Molecular Structure of the Outermost Cell Wall Component of Spirillum Serpens

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100079218 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 342-343

Author(s):

Wah Chiu ◽

David Grano

Keyword(s):

Molecular Structure ◽

Cell Wall ◽

Outer Membrane ◽

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Electron Microscopic Examination ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Cell Wall Component ◽

Protein Components ◽

Exposure Technique ◽

Structural Aspects

The periodic structure external to the outer membrane of Spirillum serpens VHA has been isolated by similar procedures to those used by Buckmire and Murray (1). From SDS gel electrophoresis, we have found that the isolated fragments contain several protein components, and that the crystalline structure is composed of a glycoprotein component with a molecular weight of ∽ 140,000 daltons (2). Under an electron microscopic examination, we have visualized the hexagonally-packed glycoprotein subunits, as well as the bilayer profile of the outer membrane. In this paper, we will discuss some structural aspects of the crystalline glycoproteins, based on computer-reconstructed images of the external cell wall fragments.The specimens were prepared for electron microscopy in two ways: negatively stained with 1% PTA, and maintained in a frozen-hydrated state (3). The micrographs were taken with a JEM-100B electron microscope with a field emission gun. The minimum exposure technique was essential for imaging the frozen- hydrated specimens.

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7-beam lattice images of (110) oriented Ge

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100108593 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 290-291

Author(s):

J.R. Parsons ◽

C.W. Hoelke

Keyword(s):

Image Features ◽

Objective Lens ◽

Lattice Plane ◽

Lattice Image ◽

Crystalline Defects ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Lattice Images ◽

Electron Microscopes ◽

Structural Aspects ◽

Beam Lattice

The direct imaging of a crystal lattice has intrigued electron microscopists for many years. What is of interest, of course, is the way in which defects perturb their atomic regularity. There are problems, however, when one wishes to relate aperiodic image features to structural aspects of crystalline defects. If the defect is inclined to the foil plane and if, as is the case with present 100 kV transmission electron microscopes, the objective lens is not perfect, then terminating fringes and fringe bending seen in the image cannot be related in a simple way to lattice plane geometry in the specimen (1).The purpose of the present work was to devise an experimental test which could be used to confirm, or not, the existence of a one-to-one correspondence between lattice image and specimen structure over the desired range of specimen spacings. Through a study of computed images the following test emerged.

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Structural aspects of tracheary element differentiation in suspension cultures of Zinnia elegans

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100155815 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 768-769

Author(s):

C. H. Haigler ◽

A. W. Roberts

Keyword(s):

Tracheary Element ◽

Vesicle Fusion ◽

Zinnia Elegans ◽

Cellulose Synthesis ◽

Tracheary Elements ◽

Animal Cells ◽

Mesophyll Cells ◽

Fixation Techniques ◽

Localized Patterns ◽

Structural Aspects

Tracheary elements, the water-conducting cells in plants, are characterized by their reinforced walls that became thickened in localized patterns during differentiation (Fig. 1). The synthesis of this localized wall involves abundant secretion of Golgi vesicles that export preformed matrix polysaccharides and putative proteins involved in cellulose synthesis. Since the cells are not growing, some kind of endocytotic process must also occur. Many researchers have commented on where exocytosis occurs in relation to the thickenings (for example, see), but they based their interpretations on chemical fixation techniques that are not likely to provide reliable information about rapid processes such as vesicle fusion. We have used rapid freezing to more accurately assess patterns of vesicle fusion in tracheary elements. We have also determined the localization of calcium, which is known to regulate vesicle fusion in plant and animal cells.Mesophyll cells were obtained from immature first leaves of Zinnia elegans var. Envy (Park Seed Co., Greenwood, S.C.) and cultured as described previously with the following exceptions: (a) concentration of benzylaminopurine in the culture medium was reduced to 0.2 mg/l and myoinositol was eliminated; and (b) 1.75ml cultures were incubated in 22 x 90mm shell vials with 112rpm rotary shaking. Cells that were actively involved in differentiation were harvested and frozen in solidifying Freon as described previously. Fractures occurred preferentially at the cell/planchet interface, which allowed us to find some excellently-preserved cells in the replicas. Other differentiating cells were incubated for 20-30 min in 10(μM CTC (Sigma), an antibiotic that fluoresces in the presence of membrane-sequestered calcium. They were observed in an Olympus BH-2 microscope equipped for epi-fluorescence (violet filter package and additional Zeiss KP560 barrier filter to block chlorophyll autofluorescence).

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Biophysical and Structural Aspects of Bioenergetics

10.1039/9781847552532 ◽

2007 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Structural Aspects

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Structural Aspects of Phonological Development

Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools ◽

10.1044/0161-1461.1901.05 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 5-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Karen E. Pollock ◽

Richard G. Schwartz

Keyword(s):

Clinical Management ◽

Structural Complexity ◽

Strong Preference ◽

Phonological Development ◽

Structural Position ◽

Phonological Disorders ◽

Syllabic Structure ◽

The Relationship ◽

Structural Aspects ◽

Target Words

The relationship between syllabic structure and segmental development was examined longitudinally in a child with a severe phonological disorder. Six speech samples were collected over a 4-year period (3:5 to 7:3). Analyses revealed gradual increases in the complexity and diversity of the syllable structures produced, and positional preferences for sounds within these forms. With a strong preference for [d] and [n] at the beginning of syllables, other consonants appeared first at the end of syllables. Implications for clinical management of phonological disorders include the need to consider both structural position and structural complexity in assessing segmental skills and in choosing target words for intervention.

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