scholarly journals Clinical Study of Concomitant Strabismus.

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
Sachit Mahajan ◽  
Satish kumar Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Common Type ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Eccentric Fixation ◽  
Convergent Squint ◽  
Angle Of Deviation ◽  
Concomitant Strabismus ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Cover Test

Background and Objectives: Strabismus is a condition in which there is misalignment of visual axes of two eyes. Concomitant strabismus is a condition in which the angle of deviation is constant in all the directions of gaze. Concomitant strabismus is further classified as convergent, divergent, hyperdeviation and hypodeviation. Major presenting complaints include cosmetic blemish, diminution of vision, asthenopic symptoms like headache, eye strain and diplopia. This study was conceptualized to study the clinical and ophthalmological profile of patients with concomitant strabismus, in order to generate evidence to manage this condition more effectively. Material and Methods : This cross-sectional, observational study was conducted over a period of two years in 120 patients with concomitant strabismus. Ocular history and visual acuity were recorded. Cover, cover-uncover, alternate cover test, Hirschberg test, Krimsky test and examination by synaptophore were done. Refraction and fundus examination was also done. Result: Majority of the patients were under 5 years of age (46.6%) with male to female ratio of 2:3. Convergent squint was more common (71.6%) with majority of patients having moderate degree of deviation (58.8%). Hypermteropia was more commonly associated with squint (65%) more so with convergent squint. Eccentric fixation was present in only 10% of the cases. Conclusion: Convergent concomitant squint is more common type with majority of patients having moderate degree of deviation. Hypermetropia is more commonly associated with concomitant squint. Appropriate refraction and timely intervention can help in preventing amblyopia in young children

Frequency of High MELD Score in Cirrhotic Patients undergoing Liver Resection due to Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2841-2843
Author(s):  
Muhammad Omer Farooq ◽  
Niaz Ahmed ◽  
Hassan Nadeem ◽  
Kashif Rafi ◽  
Sadia Jabbar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Resection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Meld Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Score Study ◽  
Insignificant Difference ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients ◽  
Male To Female

Objective: To determine the frequency of high MELD score in cirrhotic patients undergoing liver resection due to hepatocellular carcinoma also compare the frequency of mortality in patients with high or low MELD score. Study Design: Cross sectional study Place and Duration: Department of Gastroenterology, Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore. Duration: 6months i.e. 23 12-2017 to 22-06-2018. Methodology: 75 patients were enrolled. Then blood sample was obtained. Reports assessed and MELD score calculated. Scores were labeled as high or low. Patients underwent liver resection according to BCLC. The mortality was noted. All the collected data was entered and analyzed on SPSS version 22. Results: In this study out of total 75 cases 60 were males and 15 females. The mean age of patients was 39.44±9.76 years, male to female ratio was 4:1. Low MELD class was noted in 45 (60%) cases and high MELD class noted in 30(40%) cases. Mortality occurred in 27(36%) cases. Insignificant difference found between the MELD class with mortality. Conclusion: High MELD score was seen in 40% cirrhotic patients undergoing liver resection due to HCC. Post HCC resection, mortality occurred in 36% patients within three months of surgery. No significant association was found between the mortality and MELD score. Keywords: MELD, Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Mortality, Cirrhosis

HIV Prevalence and Frequency of Risk Behavior in Injecting Drug Users Entering Treatment and Out of Treatment: A Cross-Sectional Study in Five Italian Cities

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Rezza ◽  
Stefania Salmaso ◽  
Damiano Abeni ◽  
Giovanna Brancato ◽  
Alessandra Anemona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Outreach Programs ◽  
Male To Female

We conducted a study to describe current patterns of drug-related behaviors, and to identify characteristics that may distinguish injecting drug users entering treatment from those out of treatment, in five Italian cities. Overall, 1,180 subjects were recruited — 568 entering treatment and 612 out of treatment. Male to female ratio was 6.6:1. The median age was similar in the two groups. A high proportion of injecting drug users recruited out of treatment had been in treatment at least once. HIV prevalence among injecting drug users entering treatment was not higher than that of those who were out of treatment. Furthermore, a large proportion of injecting drug users who still were out of treatment reported having adopted safe behaviors. The results of the study emphasize the need to implement outreach programs aimed at harm reduction.

scholarly journals Does Static Intra Access Pressure Monitoring of Arteriovenous Fistulas Predicts Intra Access Stenosis?

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abaid ur Rehman ◽  
Muhammad Imran Khan ◽  
Omer Sabir ◽  
Muhammad Mohsin Riaz ◽  
Mubashar Dilawar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Vascular Access ◽  
Doppler Ultrasonography ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽  
Doppler Us ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Male To Female

The initiation of hemodialysis in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires vascular access formation. The choice of vascular access for individual patient depends on various factors however arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is conventionally considered to be the vascular access of choice. Once hemodialysis is initiated through a mature AVF, there is an ongoing need for surveillance of the AVF to ensure adequate function and prevent vascular access issues among which flow obstruction (both inflow and outflow) remains the most important. AVF stenosis can potentially lead to inadequate dialysis delivery and thrombosis thus leading to access loss. Physical examination and AVF Doppler ultrasonography (DUS) are useful for evaluation of stenosis in the  arteriovenous connection and the outflow tract. Periodic assessment of the AVF with Static Intra access Pressure (SIAPR) determination may be a reliable means of predicting vascular access stenosis. Material & Methods  A cross sectional study carried out at Department of Nephrology, Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore from July 2018 to December 2018. In total 113 patients were included, and all patients underwent SIAPR assessment and Doppler Ultrasound of AVF. Results Mean age of the patients was 56.81±9.38 years, male to female ratio of the patients was 1.8:1. In this study the SIAPR was suggestive of  stenosis in 87(76.99%) patients. The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of SIAPR against Doppler US of the AVF for detection of stenosis was 75.86%, 22.62% & 36.28% respectively Conclusion SIAPR has low specificity and diagnostic accuracy compared to Doppler US for detection of AVF stenosis.

scholarly journals Assessment of visual acuity defects among rural adolescent students of tribal Bastar Chhattisgarh (India)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4335
Author(s):  
Alakh Ram Verma ◽  
Teeku Sinha ◽  
Gagandeep Singh Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Adolescent Students ◽  
Eye Screening ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Rural Adolescent

Background: Defective visual acuity is the most common problem among adolescents which, if remains uncorrected may cause refractive errors and may lead to blindness. Defective visual acuity can be tested early and corrected by spectacles. The objectives of the study were assessment of visual acuity defects among adolescent students.Methods: Present study design is cross sectional community based study. Conducted during July to September 2017 in Higher Secondary School, Pandripani. Predesigned KAP questionnaires were used to collect information and visual acuity was measured by using Snellen’s chart. Students with spectacles were tested for uncorrected and corrected visual acuity. Data was analyzed on MS Excel 2016.Results: Visual acuity defect prevalence rises with age and maximum is seen in age group 19-20 years (85%).Male to female ratio in students with defects was 52:48 Maximum defect is seen in class 12th students (34%).83% students never got their eyes checked out of which 25% had defective visual acuity. Positive attitude toward spectacles preventing normalization of eyes and spectacles leading to dependence and worsening of vision were elicited. Students whose parents have eye related problem have prevalence of 64%.83% of students advised to wear spectacles who don’t have, cost of spectacle is most common cause (80%) and is preceded by not much difference in vision after wearing (20%).Conclusions: The prevalence of visual acuity defect was high in rural adolescent. Eye screening of school going children is recommended and spectacles to be distributed free or at low cost to those students diagnosed with refractive errors.

scholarly journals INTEGRATED APPROACH TO EARLY DIAGNOSIS ODONTOGENETIC CYSTIC JAWS VARIOUS ORIGINS , ARE PRONE TO RECURENCE AND AGRESIVE INFILTRATIVE GROWTH

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
А. Зыкин ◽  
A. Zykin
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Peak Incidence ◽  
Fourth Decade ◽  
Overall Ratio ◽  
Male To Female

<p> This work was devoted to improve the effectiveness of early diagnosis and treatment of patients with cystic odontogenic jaws of various origins, are prone to relapse and aggressive infiltrative growth. Of the 110 cases analyzed, the most common type of inflammatory cysts were radicular cysts (76.4%) and cysts with signs of keratinization of the epithelium (23,6%). Average age – 35,2 years. The peak incidence (47,3%) was recorded in the fourth decade in age from 41 to 60 years. The overall ratio of male to female ratio was 1:1.3. </p>

scholarly journals Comparison of Led Fluorescent Microscopy and the Gene Xpert MTB/RIF Assay in Diagnosis of Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
Sanam Thapa Magar ◽  
Gokarna Ghimire ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Shah
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Fluorescent Microscopy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Standard Guideline ◽  
National Tuberculosis ◽  
Male To Female

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate Gene Xpert MTB/RIF Assay and anid fast staining (AFB) for rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in specimen of patients suspected of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study of 400 samples (PTB-365 and EPTB-35) of patients visiting National Tuberculosis Centre (NTC) was conducted from July 2018 to December 2018. Gene Xpert MTB/ RIF Assay, smear microscopy were performed under standard guideline inside biosafety cabinet class II. The result obtained from both the tests were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 software and Excel 2019. Results: Of the total samples, 18% (72/400) and 39% (156/400) were positive by AFB smear microscopy and Xpert MTB/RIF assay respectively. Prevalence of MTB positive was highest in the age group 35-44 years, 33 cases (17.74%) were detected in total, with a male to female ratio of 2.3:1. Pleural fluid, pus, and CSF fluid also yielded positive results with the Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay accounting 1.28%, 0.64% and 1.28% of MTB positive case respectively. Rifampicin resistance was observed in 1.28% of the cases. Conclusion: The key findings of this study suggest that Gene Xpert test should be implemented as primary diagnostic test for PTB and EPTB.

scholarly journals Pattern of Skin Diseases: Experience from a Rural Community of Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-52
Author(s):  
N Ahmed ◽  
MZ Islam ◽  
S Farjana
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Cutaneous Infections ◽  
The People ◽  
Disease Pattern ◽  
Male To Female

Disease pattern in a given population is generally determined by different ecological factors. Thus the objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine the pattern of skin diseases in a selected rural community of Dhamrai Upazila under Dhaka district. Out of 2645 patients attending a medical camp showed 410(15.5%) patients with dermatological problems. Among all, 260(63.4%) patients were males and 150(36.6%) were females with a male to female ratio of 1.7:1. Of these patients, 178(43.4%) had cutaneous infections and 234(56.6%) had non-infectious dermatoses. Few patients (2.7%) had more than one dermatoses. Fungal infection was the commonest infection seen (22.9%) and eczemas took an upper hand in non-infectious group (32.2%). Improvement in the standard of living, health education, improvement in the environmental sanitation and good nutritious food may help the people to bring down the skin disease in the rural part of country. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v41i1.18784 Bangladesh Medical Journal 2012 Vol. 41 No. 1; 50-52

Additional cytogenetic abnormalities in chronic myeloid leukemia; an experience from Pakistan

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Nida Anwar ◽  
Muhammad Nadeem ◽  
Sana Khurram ◽  
Naveena Fatima ◽  
Tahir Shamsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
International System ◽  
Marrow Transplant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Cytogenetic Abnormalities ◽  
Human Cytogenetic ◽  
Bone Marrow Cultures ◽  
Male To Female

Abstract Objectives: To evaluate the presence and characteristics of additional karyotype abnormalities in chronic myeloid leukaemia cases. Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Cytogenetics and Molecular Pathology, National Institute of Blood Diseases and Bone Marrow Transplant, Karachi, from May 2010 to September 2016 and comprised diagnosed chronic myeloid leukaemiapatients regardless of age and gender.Baseline cytogenetic evaluation was done on overnight, 24-hrs un-stimulated and 72-hrs stimulated bone marrow cultures, and karyotypes were defined according to the International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature2013. Data was analysed using SPSS 23. Results: There were 222 cases with a median age of 38 years (range: 12-84 years). The male-to-female ratio was 1.8:1. Chronic myeloid leukaemiawas detected in 18(8.1%) patients havingadditional cytogenetic abnormalities. Among the patients found positive, cytogenetic type was minor in 10(55.55%), major 3(16.66%), complex 3(16.66%), and variant 2(11.11%). . Conclusion: Additional cytogenetic abnormalitieswere found in 8% of the sample. Key Words: Additional cytogenetic abnormalities, Chronic myelogenous leukaemia, Bone marrow, Cytogenetics.

scholarly journals NORMAL PLANTAR FASCIA THICKNESS IN ADULT

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Yusak Mangara Tua Siahaan ◽  
Pricilla Yani Gunawan ◽  
Jeffry Foraldy Haryanto ◽  
Veli Sungono
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Fasciitis ◽  
Plantar Fascia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Heel Pain ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male To Female

Background: Plantar fasciitis is a common problem caused by thickening of the plantar fascia. The normal plantar fascia thickness ranged between 2-3 mm and it was generally accepted that value more than 4mm was considered pathologic. Objective: to identify normal plantar fascia thickness in adults using ultrasonography. Methods: This is a cross sectional study measuring the thickness of plantar fascia in 145 subjects with no history of heel pain. Plantar fascia thickness was measured in both feet using an ultrasound. Age, height and weight were recorded and analysed. Results: As much as 145 subjects were included in this study. Male to female ratio was 0.7. Mean age was 44 and body mass index (BMI) was mostly within normal range. Plantar fascia thickness in male was 2.71 ± 0.48 mm in right foot, and 2.74 ± 0.47 mm in left foot. Fascia thickness in female was 2.55 ± 0.50 mm in right foot, and 2.57 ± 0.45 mm in left foot. There was a significant plantar fascia thickness difference between male and female (p = 0.035 in right foot, and p=0.04 in left foot). Age, weight and BMI had a significant correlation towards plantar fascia thickness. In multivariate analysis, age and BMI revealed to have a linear correlation to plantar fascia thickness Conclusion: Age and BMI were found to be the best predictive factor of plantar fascia thickness.

scholarly journals Audit of the workload in a maxillofacial and oral surgical unit in Johannesburg

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (04) ◽  
pp. 194-200
Author(s):  
Kamal Sukha ◽  
Mzubanzi Mabongo
Keyword(s):  
High Volume ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Global Studies ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Respective Treatment ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Surgical Unit

Maxillofacial and oral surgical (MFOS) audits are able to provide data to both current and prospective patients regarding the quality of care an institution is capable of providing. The more frequently performed MFOS procedures can be determined and the allocation of funding and resources can therefore be achieved more appropriately. To conduct an audit to evaluate the workload and scopeof practice of the MFOS unit of the Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital (CMJAH) for the year 2015 by quantifying MFOS conditions and the respective treatment modalities. The study was retrospective and cross-sectional. Data was retrieved from the patient logbook of the unit which was then entered into a Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet. Pie graphs and bar charts representing the data were then generated. A total of 1 750 patients were treated in the unit. The male to female ratio was 1.3:1 and the majority of these patients were in their 3rd and 4th age decade. Most patients required a tooth extraction mainly for an impacted 3rd molar. Dentoalveolar surgery was the most commonly performed procedure followed by the treatment of facial fractures. Pathological and other MFOS conditions were less commonly encountered. The CMJAH MFOS unit treats a high volume of patients according to comparisons with global studies.

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