scholarly journals Foraging Behaviour of Heterotrigona itama (Apidae: Meliponini) in Residential Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzan Benedick ◽  
Jualang Azlan Gansau ◽  
Abdul Hamid Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nesting Site ◽  
Microclimatic Conditions ◽  
Foraging Pattern ◽  
Foraging Time

This study aims to investigate the foraging behaviour of Heterotrigona itama in exploiting food resources at a residential area, and the viability of this species to adapt to urban microclimatic conditions. Heterotrigona itama prefers to forage at areas closer to their nesting site, where diverse food sources are found. The marked bees of H. itama prefer to forage on various resources available at a 500-metre radius from the house yard. The obtained results indicate that the active foraging pattern of H. itama is negatively correlated to the time phases of a day (p < 0.05). This phenomenon was contributed by the three peaks of foraging hours, which reached a peak in the early morning (6:30 to 8:00 a.m.), moderately peaked towards the evening (2:30 to 3:30 p.m.), and was greatest towards the afternoon (10:30 a.m. to 12:00 p.m.). The ambient temperature and relative humidity were not the primary factors influencing the average number of foragers exiting from and returning to the hives (temperature, p > 0.05; and humidity, p > 0.05). There was a difference between the varieties of content resources collected by the bees (p < 0.05). The nectar or water sources was the highest material (51.39%) that was brought back to the hive by foragers, followed by resin (34.73%) and pollen (13.87%). There was a significant difference in foraging time phases by returning foragers for collecting resin (p < 0.05) and nectar or water (p < 0.02), but there was no significant difference in foraging time phases found for pollen (p > 0.05). We concluded from the results that H. itama is able to withstand urban microclimate conditions, and successfully incorporated pollen, nectar or water, and resin obtained from floral and non-floral resources into their diet.

Observations on Mosquito Behaviour in Native Huts

1950 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Hadaway
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Normal Behaviour ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wettable Powder ◽  
Mosquito Behaviour ◽  
Thatch Roof

Mosquitos continue to enter occupied, untreated native huts throughout the night, with peak periods of entry at dusk and dawn. Early morning mosquito catches do not give a true picture of the numbers entering and leaving huts during the night.In a series of catches 63 per cent. of 5,576 mosquitos and 79 per cent. of 506 Anopheles gambiae were caught resting on the underside of the thatch roof.By using five traps inserted in apertures one foot below the top of the wall, the numbers of mosquitos attempting to leave a hut were determined. Of 1,014 mosquitos entering huts before 10 p.m., 63 per cent. remained inside until 6.30 a.m., that is for 8½ hours. Catches to estimate numbers entering and leaving at different times during the night were also made.Treatment of huts with DDT wettable powder and DDT-kerosene solution did not interfere with the normal behaviour of mosquitos as far as entry was concerned. Biting occurred in the treated huts.The DDT wettable powder appeared to be more effective than the DDT-kerosene solution.Some mosquitos entered the treated huts, fed and then left before acquiring a lethal dose. After making contact with treated surfaces mosquitos became restless but, under the conditions existing in the huts during the experiments, activation did not result in more leaving the treated huts than the untreated one. Unfortunately there were few A. gambiae and the predominant species entering the huts was Taeniorhynchus fuscopennatus.Some of the female A. gambiae released into unoccupied DDT-treated huts escaped into the traps before acquiring a lethal dose. Although there was a tendency for more to enter the traps of a DDT-treated hut than those of an untreated hut, the data are insufficient to show a significant difference.The majority of mosquitos entering the traps did so within one hour of their release.No mosquitos were still alive 12 hours after their release in huts treated 17 weeks previously with DDT wettable powder or DDT-kerosene solution, or in the hut treated 12 weeks previously with "“Gammexane” wettable powder.

scholarly journals Effects of different feed items on the growth and survival of endangered riverine catfish Rita rita (Hamilton)

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
MR Amin ◽  
MFA Mollah ◽  
MR Ali ◽  
M Nahiduzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Early Morning ◽  
Initial Length ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Growth Performances ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Final Length ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Chicken Viscera ◽  
Formulated Feed

The study was conducted to determine a suitable feed for the desirable growth ofriverine catfish Rita rita (Hamilton) from January 2006 to December 2006. The experiment hadthree treatments with three replicates. Nine chambers of the raceway each of size 1.83 × 1.12 sqmeter were used. Local prawn, chicken viscera and commercially available formulated feed (CP)were supplied in treatment T1, T2 and T3, respectively at the rate of 7% body weight. Feed wassupplied twice in a day in the early morning and in the evening as the fish is nocturnal. The initialaverage weight of fish was 24.93±0.05g, 24.99±0.04g and 24.95±0.04g in T1, T2 and T3,respectively. The final weight of the fish under three treatments was 425.05±1.04g, 425.68±1.05gand 177.61±1.45g respectively. The initial length was 8.48±0.02, 8.49±0.02 and 8.50±0.01 in T1, T2and T3, respectively. The final length was 25.22±0.06 cm, 25.21±0.14 cm and 14.87±0.13 cm in T1,T2 and T3, respectively. The mean final weight and length was significantly (p<0.05) higher in T1and T2 compared with T3. However, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between T1 and T2in terms of final weight and length was concerned. Better growth performances, however, wereobserved in T2 and T1, where prawn and chicken viscera were supplied as feed respectively.Lowest growth performance was observed in T3 where formulated feed (CP feed) was supplied.Key Words: Riverine Catfish; Feed; Growth; SGR; Survival.DOI: 10.3329/ujzru.v28i0.5279Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 28, 2010 pp. 11-14

Evaluation of resident's indoor green space preferences in residential complexes based on plants' characteristics

2020 ◽  
pp. 1420326X2091743
Author(s):  
Paniz Mousavi Samimi ◽  
Habib Shahhosseini
Keyword(s):  
Green Space ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Psychological Benefits ◽  
Plant Type ◽  
Interior Spaces ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aesthetic Values

Nowadays, people spend most of their times indoors; accordingly, plants are increasingly used in these environments, including residential areas, due to their psychological benefits and aesthetic values. However, there is little evidence on how to maximize the inhabitants' indoor greenery (IG) preferences. The present study analysed the preferences of 363 inhabitants of two residential complexes with 38% and 6% green space in Tabriz, Iran through investigating greenery quantity and physical characteristics of the plant by the use of a simulated photo questionnaire from the interior spaces of the home. Results suggest that the preferences are not the same in various parts of the home. In general, high greenery quantity and flowering plants are the most preferred and tall foliage plants with wide leaves are the least preferred. Moreover, the effect of green spaces in residential complexes on inhabitants' IG preferences was studied. Results show that there is a significant difference between inhabitants' preferences of the two complexes, in terms of ‘plant colour', ‘leaf size' and ‘plant type'. The obtained results of the research can be utilized for interior designers and landscape architects in order to increase the application of the green space in residential complexes.

An analysis of the numbers of Anopheles gambiae Giles and A. Funestus Giles (Diptera, Culicidae) in huts in Northern Nigeria

1964 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Service
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Simple Relationship ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae Giles

Pyrethrum spray-sheet collections in a small village in Northern Nigeria showed that there was no significant difference in the numbers of Anopheles gambiae Giles and A. funestus Giles caught at different times in the early morning. In this village, huts at the edge nearest to the only breeding site attracted considerably more adults than those further away from the edge, and some huts were consistently more attractive to mosquitos than others. There was a positive correlation between the numbers of A. gambiae and A. funestus in the huts. Although significant differences were found between numbers of mosquitos caught in the huts occupied by different numbers of people, no simple relationship could be discovered between the combined densities of the two species and the number of hut occupants. It is concluded that there is need for further investigations into the factors influencing densities of the Anophelines in village huts.

scholarly journals Sea turtle diving and foraging behaviour around the Greek Island of Kefalonia

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan D.R. Houghton ◽  
Andrew Woolmer ◽  
Graeme C. Hays
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Posidonia Oceanica ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Bivalve Mollusc ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Neutral Buoyancy ◽  
Sea Grass ◽  
Foraging Site ◽  
Greek Island

The discovery of a shallow water (<2 m) foraging site off the Greek Island of Kefalonia, where diving and foraging behaviour of male loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) could be observed simultaneously, was of great interest. The preferred food sources were shown to be the bivalve mollusc Mytilus galloprovincialis, the sea grass Posidonia oceanica, and the entrails of fish discarded by local fishermen. Whilst foraging, the turtles generally rested on the seabed and employed their forelimbs to clear away detritus from their selected prey. Foraging dives were of short duration (mean ±SE = 2.3 ±0.43 min, N=96) compared to deeper dives reported in the literature presumably, because of the small lung volumes required to attain neutral buoyancy at such shallow depths.

scholarly journals Cysticercus fasciolaris in Brown Rats (Rattus norvegicus) in Grenada, West Indies

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravindra Sharma ◽  
Keshaw Tiwari ◽  
Kristen Birmingham ◽  
Elan Armstrong ◽  
Andrea Montanez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larval Stage ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Small Rodents ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cysticercus Fasciolaris ◽  
Taenia Taeniaeformis ◽  
Single Larva

Cat is the definitive host of Taenia taeniaeformis (T. taeniaeformis). Cysticercus fasciolaris (C. fasciolaris), the larval stage of T. taeniaeformis, develops in small rodents which act as intermediate host. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of C. fasciolaris in brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) in the densely human populated parishes, St. George’s and St. David’s of Grenada, West Indies. One hundred and seventy rats were trapped near the residential areas from May to July, 2017 and examined for C. fasciolaris in their liver. Of the 170 rats 115 (67.6%, CI 95% from 60.1 to 74.6) were positive for the larval stage of T. taeniaeformis. One to three cysts were observed in each liver, containing a single larva in each cyst. The prevalence was 77.9% in St. George and 59.1% in St. David which is a significant difference (p<0.05) between the two parishes under study. Based on gender, prevalence in males was 60.9% and females 74.7%. Significant difference was observed between young and adult rats (p=0.03). Prevalence in young rats was 45.0% compared to adults (70.7%). Further study of risk assessment in the cat population in areas of the present research is strongly suggested.

scholarly journals Effect of probiotic supplement feed on the foraging activity of Indian honeybee (Apis cerana indica F.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (4(SI)) ◽  
pp. 1093-1097
Author(s):  
I. Padma-Shree ◽  
◽  
S.S.J. Roseleen ◽  
C.G.L. Justin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Apis Cerana ◽  
Present Observation ◽  
Foraging Activity ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Honey Production ◽  
Sugar Syrup ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Foraging Rate ◽  
Apis Cerana Indica

Aim: To investigate the effect of probiotic supplement feed on the foraging behaviour Indian honeybee colonies to resolve the excessive usage of antibiotics. Methodology: The effect of sugar syrup feed (Untreated hives) and sugar syrup + probiotic supplement feed @ 10 ml 100 ml-1 syrup (Treated hives) on Indian honeybees was tested. The foraging activity and foraging rate were recorded and subjected to paired t- test analysis. Results: The present observation showed a significant difference in the foraging rate between the colonies fed with sugar syrup + probiotic supplement (2.33 ± 0.11 min-1) than the colonies that received sugar syrup alone (1.35 ± 0.06 min-1). The highest foraging rate (2.80 ± 0.39 min-1) was recorded in treated hives. Interpretation: The experiment revealed that the brood development was directly proportional to brood pheromone levels, which positively affects the foragers, consequently foraging rate and honey production. Thus, the probiotic supplement feeding may influence the foraging behaviour of honeybee colonies.

scholarly journals The relationship between white meat consumption and consumption psychology during COVID-19 pandemic period

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 014-019
Author(s):  
Emre Aydemir ◽  
Erdener Altın ◽  
İnci Bilge
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
White Meat ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
The People ◽  
Poultry Breeding ◽  
Significant Difference

The COVID-19 virus, which has affected the whole world in a short time, has created various psychological effects on people. One of these effects is unconscious food consumption. During the quarantine, food consumption increased, regardless of the health and balanced diet of the people. This study was conducted across Turkey, with participants from 81 provinces were selected by chance for each city. Participants answered the questionnaire questions based on the voluntary principle. They stated that they consume food sources with high carbohydrate content during the pandemic and quarantine. In contrast, the consumption of animal products as a source of protein has not increased significantly. 73.02% of the participants especially prefer white meat as a source of animal protein. One of the most important reasons for this is that it is affordable. Especially in the last 30 years, thanks to the important developments in poultry breeding, the amount of production has increased significantly every day globally.White meat is eagerly consumed without any difference in social and economic class. When the amount of white meat consumed as a protein source during the COVID-19 pandemic was compared with the amount of white meat consumed in the previous process, it was found that there was no significant difference. In addition, it has been observed that consumption psychology has an effect on white meat consumption.

scholarly journals Diurnal feeding strategies of the Ferruginous Duck (Aythya nyroca) in Lake Tonga (Northeastern Algeria)

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalil Draidi ◽  
Badis Bakhouche ◽  
Naouel Lahlah ◽  
Imed Djemadi ◽  
Mourad Bensouilah
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Search Time ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Northeastern Algeria ◽  
Foraging Time ◽  
Minor Activity

Abstract Although the Ferruginous Duck (Aythya nyroca) has thoroughly been studied, the foraging behaviour of this species is still not completely known. In the present paper we studied the diurnal feeding behaviour of ducks. We monitored the annual cycle of birds through two fieldtrips per month. The instantaneous behaviour of birds was recorded in regular 30-minute intervals from 7 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., amounting a total of 456 observation hours. Food searching activity corresponds to a quarter of the total diurnal time budget of the Ferruginous Duck. Foraging behaviour was classified into five categories dominated by the “diving”, which is almost 45.61% of the total search time. Foraging activities at the water surface considered to be secondary activities, including feeding by “bill”, “neck and head”, and “beak and head” in a rate of 19.86%, 14.53%, and 13.98%, respectively. The “toggle” remains a minor activity and represents only 5.99% of foraging time. The feeding behaviour of this species correlated to several environmental parameters (rainfall, temperature and wind velocity), and linked to the group size of ducks visiting the lake. Regarding the food intensity, our results show the highest values for “bill and head” behaviour. “Diving” has the longest feeding interval (16.16±14.1 minutes), while foraging by “bill” has the shortest (0.69 ± 0.48 minutes).

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