Cysticercus fasciolaris in Brown Rats (Rattus norvegicus) in Grenada, West Indies

Cat is the definitive host of Taenia taeniaeformis (T. taeniaeformis). Cysticercus fasciolaris (C. fasciolaris), the larval stage of T. taeniaeformis, develops in small rodents which act as intermediate host. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of C. fasciolaris in brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) in the densely human populated parishes, St. George’s and St. David’s of Grenada, West Indies. One hundred and seventy rats were trapped near the residential areas from May to July, 2017 and examined for C. fasciolaris in their liver. Of the 170 rats 115 (67.6%, CI 95% from 60.1 to 74.6) were positive for the larval stage of T. taeniaeformis. One to three cysts were observed in each liver, containing a single larva in each cyst. The prevalence was 77.9% in St. George and 59.1% in St. David which is a significant difference (p<0.05) between the two parishes under study. Based on gender, prevalence in males was 60.9% and females 74.7%. Significant difference was observed between young and adult rats (p=0.03). Prevalence in young rats was 45.0% compared to adults (70.7%). Further study of risk assessment in the cat population in areas of the present research is strongly suggested.

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INTERACTIONS BETWEEN CYSTICERCUS FASCIOLARIS AND COMMON RATS

FLORA AND FAUNA ◽

10.33451/florafauna.v23i2pp453-456 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

Author(s):

SHASHI KIRAN

Keyword(s):

Granulation Tissue ◽

Larval Stage ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Sylvatic Cycle ◽

Mature Larva ◽

Hepatic Cysts ◽

Cysticercus Fasciolaris ◽

Taenia Taeniaeformis ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship of C. fasciolaris with common rats. Cysticercus fasciolaris is the larval stage of Taenia taeniaeformis . Development of metacestodes ( Cysticercus fasciolaris) occur in the liver of rodents. An urban and a sylvatic cycle occurs. A total of 40 liver specimens of rats were examined. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of multiple hepatic cysts, and the C. fasciolaris larva was surrounded by granulation tissue. Large and separated ûbroblasts in different orientations with some neoplastic changes were seen in advanced hepatic cysticercosis. The bladder involved the larva and large chamber containing the small chamber and opalescent fluid. The scolex of the mature larva is distinctly large, bearing four lateral distinct suckers, a rostellum armed with double, and alternating rows of hooks.

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Detection of Leptospira spp. using polymerase chain reaction technique from kidney of Rattus norvegicus from Grenada, West Indies

International Journal of One Health ◽

10.14202/ijoh.2019.81-85 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 81-85

Author(s):

Bhumika Sharma ◽

Katelyn Thille ◽

Nia Rametta ◽

Ravindra Sharma

Keyword(s):

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Rattus Norvegicus ◽

West Indies ◽

Gene Segment ◽

Local Alignment ◽

Active Infection ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Leptospira Spp ◽

Polymerase Chain

Aim: This study aimed to find out the prevalence of active infection of Leptospira spp. in Rattus norvegicus from Grenada, West Indies, through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Materials and Methods: One hundred and forty-nine rats were trapped, anesthetized and their kidneys collected aseptically. DNA was extracted from the kidney tissue of each rat. PCR was performed targeting LipL32 gene. Eighteen PCR-positive amplicons for LipL32 gene segment were purified and sent for direct sequencing to the sequencing facility of MCLAB (South San Francisco, USA). Results of sequencing were read and interpreted. The prevalence of Leptospira spp. in relation to sex and age was also recorded. Results: All amplified sequences were compared to the sequences present in GenBank using basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) from the online website National Center for Biotechnology Information, the results revealed that six samples had similarity to Leptospira interrogans strain 1399/2016 and eight samples had similarity with Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo-bovis strain L49. Of 149 kidney samples, only 14 were positive for Leptospira spp. by PCR giving an incidence of 9.3%. There was no significant difference found in relation to sex and age. Conclusion: This is the first report confirming active infection of Leptospira spp. in Rattus norvegicus in Grenada using PCR. The presence of active infection in rats can be considered as high risk for humans. Further research to understand the epidemiology of leptospirosis in Grenada is suggested.

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An interesting case of Cysticercus fasciolaris infesting the Brown Rat

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000009896 ◽

1922 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 14-14

Author(s):

A. T. Hopwood

Keyword(s):

Larval Stage ◽

Interesting Case ◽

Cysticercus Fasciolaris ◽

Brown Rat ◽

The Common ◽

Taenia Taeniaeformis ◽

Apparently Healthy

Cysticercus Fasciolaris, the larval stage of the common tapeworm Taenia taeniaeformis (T. crassicolis), was recently found in great numbers in the liver of a brown rat. The rat measured 18 cm. in length and weighed about 275 g.; it was vigorous and apparently healthy when caught, but when killed and examined, its liver was found to be heavily infested with the cysticerci.

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Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection of non-native rats in Mount Makiling Forest Reserve, the Philippines

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182020001511 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Leonardo A. Estaño ◽

Anna Monica D. Bordado ◽

Vachel Gay V. Paller

Keyword(s):

Rattus Norvegicus ◽

The Philippines ◽

Angiostrongylus Cantonensis ◽

Ecological Niches ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Buffer Zones ◽

Forest Reserve ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Rattus Tanezumi ◽

Dry Seasons

Abstract A number of studies had been conducted on rat species diversity in the Philippines, however, there is a dearth of information on the extent of Angiostrongylus spp. infection in various ecological niches. Collection of non-native rat samples occurred in various sampling sites categorized as residential, agricultural and agro-forest in Philippine Mount Makiling Forest Reserve (MMFR) and its adjacent areas . Three species of non-native rats were captured including Rattus tanezumi, Rattus norvegicus and Rattus exulans. Of the total 90 non-native rats collected, 24.4% were found infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Statistical analysis showed significant difference among rat species with highest prevalence observed in R. exulans (42.9%) followed by R. tanezumi (29.8%) and R. norvegicus (7.7%) (P = 0.047). Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection was significantly higher in adults (29.4%) than in juvenile rats (9.1%) (P = 0.050). However, results showed no significant difference in A. cantonensis infection between male (43.3%) and female (18.3%) rats and between wet (31.6%) and dry seasons (19.2%) (P > 0.05). Moreover, this study also revealed that rats from agricultural and agro-forest areas showed significantly higher prevalence than residential areas. With urbanization and the everchanging landscape of MMFR watersheds and buffer zones, zoonotic transmission can pose health threats to the local people.

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Detection of serum antibodies against Leptospira spp. in brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) from Grenada, West Indies

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2019.696-699 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 696-699 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ravindra Nath Sharma ◽

Katelyn Thille ◽

Brianna Piechowski ◽

Keshaw Tiwari

Keyword(s):

Rattus Norvegicus ◽

West Indies ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Close Contact ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Populated Area ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Leptospira Spp ◽

High Risk Factor ◽

Collection Sites

Background and Aim: Leptospirosis is an emerging disease of animals and humans. Among rodents brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) are an important reservoir of bacteria Leptospira. There is a paucity of information on reservoirs of Leptospira in Grenada. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of antibodies against Leptospira spp. in brown rats in a densely human populated area of Grenada. Materials and Methods: Blood samples from 169 brown rats were collected and sera screened for antibodies against Leptospira spp. using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Among a total of 169 brown rats trapped in two parishes in Grenada, 77/169 (45.5%) were positive for Leptospira spp. antibodies. A significant difference in seropositive population of brown rats between two collection sites was observed. No differences were found between sex and age of seropositive rats. Conclusion: Due to the close contact of brown rats with humans in Grenada, rats should be considered a high-risk factor in transmission of Leptospira to humans. Appropriate preventive measures should be instituted to prevent the transmission of Leptospira infection to humans.

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Cysticercus fasciolaris (Taenia taeniaeformis Larval Stage) in Urban Rats with Illustration of Histopathological Changes in the Liver

Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases ◽

10.29252/jommid.5.3.4.43 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 43-46

Author(s):

Hamid Hasanpour ◽

Faezeh Najafi ◽

Mohammad Javad Gharagozlou ◽

Sanaz Jafarpour Azami ◽

Arezoo Fadavi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Larval Stage ◽

Histopathological Changes ◽

Cysticercus Fasciolaris ◽

Taenia Taeniaeformis

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Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Anggur Laut terhadap Penurunan Kadar Kolesterol LDL Rattus norvegicus Jantan yang Mendapat Diet Tinggi Lemak

Hang Tuah Medical journal ◽

10.30649/htmj.v17i2.340 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 192

Author(s):

RONALDO LAU ◽

SULISTIANA PRABOWO ◽

RIAMI RIAMI

Keyword(s):

Cholesterol Level ◽

Rattus Norvegicus ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

White Male ◽

Standard Diet ◽

High Fat ◽

Caulerpa Racemosa ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Male Wistar Rats

ABSTRACTBackground: High fat diet increase the absorption of lipid in the intestinum, that can lead to increase LDL cholesterol level in the blood. Sea grapes extract (Caulerpa racemosa) contains antioxidant polyphenolic group that can reduce MTP and ACAT-2 in the body that can decrease LDL cholesterol level in the blood.The purpose of this study is to know the effect of sea grapes extract on decreasing LDL cholesterol of white male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) fed with high fat diet.Method: 24 white male Wistar rats, that divided into 3 groups: 1) group of rats fed with standard diet for 28 days; 2) group of rats fed with high fat diet for 28 days; 3) group of rats fed with high fat diet for 28 days and given 10 gram/kg body weight/day of sea grapes extract on 15th-28th days. Then the blood LDL cholesterol level measured on the 29th day.Result : One-Way ANOVA Test showed there was significant difference (p=0.004) of LDL level between the group of rats fed with standard diet (12.37 mg/dl) compared to group of rats fed with high fat diet (17.87 mg/dl). There was significant difference (p=0.001) of LDL level between the group of rats fed with high fat diet (17.87 mg/dl) compared to group of rats fed with high fat diet and sea grapes extract (10.12 mg/dl).Conclusion: high fat diet significantly increase blood LDL cholesterol level and sea grapes extract (Caulerpa racemosa) significantly decrease blood LDL cholesterol level. Keywords :Sea grapes extract, LDL cholesterol, high fat diet

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Morphometric, genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of Taenia hydatigena (Pallas, 1766) larval stage in Iranian livestock

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182019001434 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 147 (2) ◽

pp. 231-239

Author(s):

Shahabeddin Sarvi ◽

Laya Ebrahimi Behrestaghi ◽

Abbas Alizadeh ◽

Seyed Abdollah Hosseini ◽

Shaban Gohardieh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Larval Stage ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Genetic Difference ◽

12S Rrna ◽

Northern Iran ◽

Taenia Hydatigena ◽

Cysticercus Tenuicollis ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Cox 1

AbstractCysticercus tenuicollis as metacestode of Taenia hydatigena is the most prevalent taeniid species in livestock. Eighty-eight C. tenuicollis samples were collected from sheep (n = 44) and goats (n = 44) of the northern Iran from 2015 to 2016. The isolated parasites were characterized by morphometric keys. The DNA of the larval stage was extracted, amplified and sequenced targeting mitochondrial 12S rRNA and Cox 1 markers. A significant difference in larval rostellar hook length was observed in 12S rRNA haplotypes. Analysis of molecular variance of 12S rRNA indicated a moderate genetic diversity in the C. tenuicollis isolates. The pairwise sequence distance of C. tenuicollis showed an intra-species diversity of 0.3–0.5% and identity of 99.5–100%. Using the 12S rRNA sequence data we found a moderate genetic difference (Fst; 0.05421) in C. tenucollis isolates collected from livestock of the northern and southeastern regions of Iran. We concluded that the genetic variants of C. tenuicollis are being undoubtedly distributing mostly in different parts of Iran. Further studies with a larger number of T. hydatigena isolates collected from various intermediate and definitive hosts are needed to study this evolutionary assumption and also to determine the apparent genetic differences observed in the studied regions.

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Histological Study On Using Ileal Submucosa In Repairing Urinary Bladder Defect In Adult Albino Rat

QJM ◽

10.1093/qjmed/hcab099.004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Eman Gomaa El Saeed ◽

Manal H Moussa ◽

Gehad A Hammouda ◽

Sahar M. M Omar

Keyword(s):

Urinary Bladder ◽

Histological Study ◽

Squamous Metaplasia ◽

Muscle Layer ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Adult Rats ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Graft Area

Abstract Background Repairing urinary bladder (UB) defect by enterocystoplasty remains the gold standard surgical bladder reconstruction procedure to increase the capacity and compliance of dysfunctional bladders. However, many complications were recorded. Aim of the work This work aimed to compare the consequences of reconstruction of urinary bladder defect using untreated small intestinal submucosal (SIS) matrix versus seeded and unseeded decellularized SIS matrix. Material and Methods Fifty female albino rats were used in this study. The animals were divided into three groups: Group I (Control) included ten adult rats from which ileal tissue was obtained. Group II included ten adult rats in which their UB defect was repaired by untreated cellular SIS. Group III included twenty adult rats that were subdivided into two subgroups, 10 rats each; Subgroup IIIA where rats had their UB defect repaired by acellular SIS and subgroup IIIb where rats had their UB defect repaired by acellular SIS seeded with adipose mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs).Ten young rats were used for preparation of AMSCs. Morphometric and statistical analysis were also performed. Results In rats where UB defect was repaired by untreated cellular SIS, the graft area showed loss of epithelial polarity, presence of intraepithelial cysts and occasional extension of urothelium to the outer surface forming fistula. There were areas of metaplasia with the appearance PAS positive cells. In the lamina propria, there was areas of lymphocytic infiltration together with significant increase in the collagen fiber deposition (p < 0.05). There was a significant decrease thickness of muscle layer as compared to control (p < 0.05). In rats where UB defect was repaired by acellular SIS, urothelium in the graft area showed occasional squamous metaplasia and often the urothelium extended to the deeper layers forming Brunn's nest. There was minimal muscle regeneration in the graft area. However, in rats where UB defect was repaired by acellular SIS seeded with AMSCs, the urothelium in the graft area was nearly similar to control group with uniform urothelium thickness, minimal collagen fibers deposition and thick muscle layer that showed no significant difference from the control (p > 0.05). Conclusion Acellular SIS seeded with AMSCs showed better results compared to non-seeded and cellular SIS in reconstructing urinary bladder defects.

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