scholarly journals COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY AND PREDATORY POTENTIAL OF Cryptolaemus montrouzieri ON MEALYBUGS

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 106-113
Author(s):  
L. Allwin ◽  
V. Radhakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Period ◽  
Comparative Biology ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Cryptolaemus Montrouzieri ◽  
High Fecundity ◽  
Maconellicoccus Hirsutus ◽  
Suitability Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Predatory Potential

Comparative biology of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri on Maconellicoccus hirsutus and Pseudococcus citri revealed that it had completed its life cycle successfully on both species. The mean total developmental period (egg to pupa) was 18.1 days, when reared on P. citri and it was 20.9 days in M. hirsutus. The adults developed on P. citri had high fecundity 284.2 eggs / female and longevity 47.0 days than those developed on M. hirsutus. Analysis on the growth indices of C. montrouzieri showed more preference on P. citri with high suitability index of 2.51 than M. hirsutus (1.78). Among two life stages, adults of C. montrouzieri was more voracious and each adult consumed an average 258.7, 352.1 and 217.3 numbers on M. hirsutus while, it was 323.8, 715.6 and 328.6 number of eggs, nymphs and adults for P. citri, respectively. The grubs required 221.1, 55.1 and 36.6 numbers of M. hirsutus and 1079.0, 341.3 and 41.0 number of eggs, nymphs and adults of P. citri, respectively to complete life stages. Out of different instars of C. montrouzieri, third and fourth instars required around 92.1, 78.5 and 85.9 per cent and 88.9, 93.5 and 79.0 per cent of total eggs, nymphs and adults of P. citri and M. hirsutus consumed, respectively.

scholarly journals Developmental parameters of Xylochoris flavipes (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) fed on life-stages of Rhyzopertha dominica (f.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
AC Sarker ◽  
W Islam ◽  
S Parween
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Mass Culture ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Abundant Supply

The hemipteran predator, Xylocoris flavipes (Reuter) predates the eggs, larvae and pupae of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) in storage condition and checks their population in considerable level. The nymphs of 1st up to 5th instar and adults of X. flavipes were found efficient to survive on eggs, larvae of 1st up to 4th instar and pupae of R. dominica. The mean duration of developmental period through five nymphal instars on eggs, larvae of 1st up to 4th instars and pupae were 18 ± 1.00, 20 ± 0.58, 16 ± 2.00, 14 ± 1.15, 12 ± 1.15 and 13 ± 0.58 days in R. dominica. The adult female X. flavipes survived longer than the male. Average consumption rates of each nymph of 1st up to 5th instar and adult stage of X. flavipes were found highest on eggs, 1st and 2nd instar larvae but lowest on 4th instar larvae and pupae. The female predator always consumed more individuals than the male. Average survivability rates of nymphs of 1st up to 5th instar and adults were maximum on 1st and 2nd instar larvae and minimum on 4th instar larvae and pupae. The size of the female predator was found larger than the male at all the stages. Based on the ratio 1:1, sex ratio was the best (male and female almost equal in number) on 1st and 2nd instar larvae comparatively than that of other stages. Developmental period, adult longevity, consumption rate, survivability rate, size and sex ratio of X. flavipes were found always significant (p<0.001) in different life stages of R. dominica. This study reveals that mass culture of X. flavipes can be established on R. dominica in the laboratory to get easy and abundant supply of the bug as an agent of biological control. J. bio-sci. 27: 11-21, 2019

Incubation Temperature Influences the Duration of Egg Hatching and Early Development in the Boreal Digging Frog, Kaloula Borealis

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. ACCEPTED
Author(s):  
Rho-Jeong Rae
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hatching Rates

This study investigated the boreal digging frog, Kaloula borealis, to determine the egg hatching period and whether the hatching period is affected by incubation temperature. The results of this study showed that all the eggs hatched within 48 h after spawning, with 28.1% (±10.8, n=52) hatching within 24 h and 99.9% (±0.23, n=49) within 48 h after spawning. A significant difference was noted in the mean hatching proportion of tadpoles at different water temperatures. The mean hatching rates between 15 and 24 h after spawning was higher at a water temperature of 21.1 (±0.2) °C than at 24.1 (±0.2) °C. These results suggest that incubation temperature affected the early life stages of the boreal digging frog, since they spawn in ponds or puddles that form during the rainy season.

scholarly journals The Impact of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on Control of Dysmicoccus neobrevipes Beardsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenqiang Qin ◽  
Jianhui Wu ◽  
Baoli Qiu ◽  
Shaukat Ali ◽  
Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson
Keyword(s):  
Prey Consumption ◽  
The Other ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Cryptolaemus Montrouzieri ◽  
Important Predator ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Dysmicoccus Neobrevipes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Agave Sisalana

Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is an important predator of the mealybug Dysmicoccus neobrevipes (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), a major pest of Agave sisalana in China. Limited reports on the efficacy of C. montrouzieri against D. neobrevipes are available. This study reports the predatory efficacy and functional response of C. montrouzieri against D. neobrevipes under laboratory conditions. The prey consumption rate per day of 4th instar larvae of C. montrouzieri feeding on 1st instar D. neobrevipes nymphs (241.3 mealybugs) was the highest among the different larval life stages of the beetle. For C. montrouzieri, the prey consumption per day of adult females (19.8 mealybugs) was significantly higher compared to males (15.2 mealybugs) when feeding on 3rd instar D. neobrevipes nymphs. The functional responses of C. montrouzieri on 1st and 2nd instar D. neobrevipes nymphs were determined as Holling type II. The search rates of C. montrouzieri 4th instar larvae towards the 1st and 2nd instar nymphs of D. neobrevipes were higher than those of the other beetle life stages. In addition, the handling times of 4th instar larvae were shorter than those of the other beetle life stages. The results from this study indicate that C. montrouzieri can be used as a predator of D. neobrevipes and, therefore, it should be evaluated further for use as a biocontrol agent in D. neobrevipes management programs.

Evaluation of Maternal Confidence in Neonatal Care Among Primiparous Pregnant Women in Sari, Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahshid Ahmadi ◽  
Hamed J Jafarpour ◽  
Jaber Mousavi ◽  
Alireza Razavi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Confidence Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Neonatal Care ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maternal Confidence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Time ◽  
And Task

Introduction: The first 28 days after birth is one of the most critical neonate life stages and mother is the most important person meeting the basic needs of the baby. Besides the importance of knowledge about neonatal care maternal confidence is also important. The aim of this study was the evaluation of maternal confidence in neonatal care among primiparous pregnant women.Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 445 pregnant women who experienced pregnancy for the first time and referred to maternity care centers for prenatal care were studied. The translated Chinese version of the Maternal Confidence Questionnaire to local language was used. The validity of the questionnaire was approved by three experienced pediatrics professors. Reliability of the questionnaire using the test-retest method examined, 35 pregnant women (selected from a similar setting but out of the study area). Cronbach's alpha with r = 0.81 was acceptable.Results: In this study, information about 445 women were evaluated. The mean age of the subjects was 28.39 years (SD = 4.66, range = 19 - 39). The mean (SD) of the total maternal confidence score was 58.87(3.75), Which included knowledge (21.09 ± 2.1), tasks (22.09 ± 1.8) and feelings (15.67 ± 1.17).Conclusion: Higher maternal confidence was related to knowledge and task subgroups and the feeling subgroup had the lowest score.

scholarly journals Comparative Biology of Coconut Leaf Beetle (Clb) Brontispa longissimi (Gestro) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Selected Coconut Varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-21
Author(s):  
Gladys Cabelin ◽  
◽  
Maria Juliet Ceniza ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Comparative Biology ◽  
Development Study ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Dwarf Variety

Comparative biology and development study of B. longissima Gestro was conducted using different coconut varieties namely: Baybay tall (BAYT) green, Baybay tall (BAYT) brown, Malayan Red dwarf (MRD), Malayan Yellow dwarf (MYD), Albuera dwarf (ALD), and Tacunan dwarf (TACD) varieties was investigated in the laboratory. The duration of the developmental period of B. longissimi was influenced by the different coconut varieties used as host plant. Duration from egg laying to hatching of eggs of B. longissima on tall varieties ranged from 3 to 5 days, while on dwarf varieties it took 4 to 5 days. In all varieties, Brontispa beetles underwent 5–6 instars. In addition, it was observed that the fifth and sixth instars took a longer time period compared to other instars. The total mean developmental period of Brontispa on BAYT (green and brown) was shorter in days compared to all dwarf varieties except to ALD. The results generally showed that BAYT (green and brown) seemed to be a preferred variety. There was considerably higher larvae mortality in dwarf variety like MRD (40%) than those reared in the BAYT green and brown (22.21%, 19.12%), respectively. Beetles reared on BAYT (brown) also had the highest fecundity which was statistically different from the rest of the varieties. In addition, results showed that adults reared in both BAYT (green and brown) had the highest longevity observed compared to other varieties

scholarly journals Comparative biology of two congeneric stinkbugs, Chinavia impicticornis and C. ubica (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleonor Cavalcante Alves Silva ◽  
Raul Alberto Laumann ◽  
Maria Carolina Blassioli Moraes ◽  
Michely Ferreira Santos de Aquino ◽  
Miguel Borges
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Oviposition Period ◽  
Demographic Parameters ◽  
Comparative Biology ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Survival Curves ◽  
High Fecundity ◽  
Time Required

The objective of this work was to compare the biology of Chinavia impicticornis and C. ubica (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), two species of stinkbugs that occur as secondary pests in soybean. Life table procedures were used for evaluating nymphs, and fecundity tables for evaluating adults, in order to establish the demographics of the two species. The two species have similar demographic parameters, and the development of immature stages, from egg to adult, had similar duration periods of approximately 30 days. In both species, eggs and second-instar nymphs were the stages with higher mortality. Total egg production did not differ between females of both species. Fecundity and survival curves for adults showed similar trends in both species. However, C. ubica had greater potential to increase its populations, since its fecundity parameters were significantly higher than those of C. impicticornis. Moreover, the generational time and the time required to double the population size were shorter in C. ubica. Prolonged longevity, long oviposition period, high fecundity, and the ability to rapidly increase their populations indicate that both species can become potential pests in favorable environments.

scholarly journals Estimating the differences in critical thermal maximum and metabolic rate of Helicoverpa punctigera (Wallengren) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) across life stages

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12479
Author(s):  
Samuel A. Bawa ◽  
Peter C. Gregg ◽  
Alice P. Del Soccoro ◽  
Cara Miller ◽  
Nigel R. Andrew
Keyword(s):  
Emission Rate ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Thermal Maximum ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Insect Activity ◽  
Temperature Exposure ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Temperature is a crucial driver of insect activity and physiological processes throughout their life-history, and heat stress may impact life stages (larvae, pupae and adult) in different ways. Using thermolimit respirometry, we assessed the critical thermal maxima (CTmax-temperature at which an organism loses neuromuscular control), CO2 emission rate (V́CO2) and Q10 (a measure of V́CO2 temperature sensitivity) of three different life stages of Helicoverpa punctigera (Wallengren) by increasing their temperature exposure from 25 °C to 55 °C at a rate of 0.25 °C min−1. We found that the CTmax of larvae (49.1 °C ± 0.3 °C) was higher than pupae (47.4 °C ± 0.2 °C) and adults (46.9 °C ± 0.2 °C). The mean mass-specific CO2 emission rate (ml V́CO2 h−1) of larvae (0.26 ± 0.03 ml V́CO2 h−1) was also higher than adults (0.24 ± 0.04 ml V́CO2 h−1) and pupae (0.06 ± 0.02 ml V́CO2 h−1). The Q10: 25–35 °C for adults (2.01 ± 0.22) was significantly higher compared to larvae (1.40 ± 0.06) and Q10: 35–45 °C for adults (3.42 ± 0.24) was significantly higher compared to larvae (1.95 ± 0.08) and pupae (1.42 ± 0.98) respectively. We have established the upper thermal tolerance of H. punctigera, which will lead to a better understanding of the thermal physiology of this species both in its native range, and as a pest species in agricultural systems.

Studies on Beetles of the Family Ptinidae

1952 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Howe ◽  
H. D. Burges
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Stored Products ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Mean

The biology of N. hololeucus, T. globulus, G. psylloides, S. squamosum and E. hilleri has been studied to estimate their potentialities as pests of stored products.They are widely distributed and feed on a very wide range of foodstuffs of both plant and animal origin.Adult life is usually longer than the development period. Oviposition extends over most of the adult life. In warehouses all stages of development are present together.At 70 per cent. R.H. the developmental period (egg laid to emergence of adult from its cocoon) comprises: 12 to 21 per cent. as the egg stage, 52 to 70 per cent. as larva, 12 to 16 per cent. as pupa and 6 to 19 per centg. as adult in cocoon.The mean lengths of the various developmental stages, including the larval instars, have been found under several sets of physical conditions.

scholarly journals Development and Life History ofSitophilus zeamais(Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Cereal Crops

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Adebayo Ojo ◽  
Adebayo Amos Omoloye
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Head Capsule Width ◽  
The Mean

The maize weevil,Sitophilus zeamaisMotschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is one of the most destructive pests of stored cereals. Knowledge of the life history and biology is important to the development of an integrated pest management program. Investigation was carried out on developmental biology ofS. zeamaison four main cereal crops, maize, rice, sorghum, and millet, under laboratory conditions. Egg incubation, oviposition periods, and larval instar development were not different significantly among the food hosts. Number of eggs laid varied significantly among the cereal grains; mean fecundity was highest on maize (67.2±3.16) and lowest on millet (53.8±0.17). Number of immature (larva and pupa) and adult stages varied significantly among the cereal grains. There exist four larval instars with a varied mean head capsule width, with a mean total instar larval developmental period of 23.1, 22.2, 22.2, and 21.6 d on maize, rice, sorghum, and millet, respectively. There was linear relationship and significant correlation between the stages of larval development and head capsule width. The mean developmental period from egg to adult varied, being highest on maize (34.7 d) and lowest on sorghum (33.5 d).

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