Challenges for Diadromous Fishes in a Dynamic Global Environment

2009 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
State Planning ◽  
The Public ◽  
Rivers And Streams ◽  
Planning Office

<em>Abstract</em>.-Wild low bush blueberries, advertised as "nature's #1 antioxidant super fruit," require about 2.5 cm of water per 0.4 ha each week during late June and all of July when fruit is forming and maturing. To reduce annual variation in production, Maine's blueberry growers began rapidly expanding the acreage under irrigation in the 1990s. As a result of increased acreage and irrigation, average annual Maine blueberry production increased from 15.8 million kilograms in the 1980s to 32.1 million kilograms in 2006. Endangered Atlantic salmon <em>Salmo salar </em>inhabit the rivers and streams in the watersheds where blueberries are grown. Initially all irrigation water was drawn from surface sources and some withdrawals directly degraded salmon habitat. To address this concern, the Maine State Planning Office coordinated a collaborative planning process that included hydrologists, fisheries biologists, and agricultural scientists from state and federal agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and industry, as well as members of the public and industry management. Following this effort, the large growers within Atlantic salmon watersheds shifted irrigation sources to storage impoundments and groundwater. The process also helped moved the blueberry industry to acknowledge fish habitat as a legitimate competing water use, thus potentially setting the stage for their future acceptance of the concept that there are hydrologic and ecological limits on water use in Atlantic salmon watersheds.

Transferability of habitat suitability criteria of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aki Mäki-Petäys ◽  
Ari Huusko ◽  
Jaakko Erkinaro ◽  
Timo Muotka
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Habitat Suitability ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Water Velocity ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Juvenile Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Depth Water ◽  
Universal Scale

We constructed generalized habitat criteria for juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) based on four river-specific suitability indices for depth, water velocity, and substrate to assess whether habitat criteria for juvenile Atlantic salmon are transferable across rivers. We first tested whether salmon are more likely to occupy higher-quality habitats than generally available in a stream reach based on these composite criteria. We then repeated the same procedure using the river-specific criteria of this study and the generalized habitat suitability criteria of Heggenes. As expected, the river-specific criteria were generally the most effective ones in predicting fish habitat use. However, both of the two generalized criteria also transferred fairly well to the test sites. Viewed across salmon size-classes (<9 cm and >9 cm), the river-specific criteria passed the test in ten of eleven cases (91%), and the two generalized criteria passed in nine (82%) of eleven. Thus, it appears that with respect to summertime habitat criteria for juvenile Atlantic salmon, criteria transference is conceivable at least on a regional scale, and perhaps even on a more "universal" scale.

scholarly journals Water management applied to the processing of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) and Dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) in a fish cold storage warehouse in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1240-1248
Author(s):  
A.L.M. Souza ◽  
J.T. Guimarães ◽  
A.I.S. Brigida ◽  
D.B. Luiz ◽  
R.M. Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Coryphaena Hippurus ◽  
Processing Plants

ABSTRACT The high consumption of water and uncontrolled wastewater generation commonly seen in fish processing plants are a matter of concern. Sustainable actions must be taken to addres this issue. The present study aimed to quantify the water used in the processing of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) and Dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) in a fish warehouse in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, through water balance and mass balance at each development stage. According to the data obtained, the warehouse showed higher total water use, both in general (7,173.28±265.77m3/month), with most water use intended for processing support activities, approximately 45.00% (3,186.82±407.57m3/month); specifically, in the processing of the selected raw materials, with greater consumption of water for obtaining one kg of Dolphinfish fillets and slices, around 4.80 x 103m3/kg in both. This suggests the use of sustainable methodologies that result in decreased water consumption and in reuse of solid waste, since the three processing stages studied generated a high amount of solid waste, with emphasis to filleting in both species, with 55.00% of residual production each. The present study will also serve as the basis to other studies on the same issue in the fishing area.

Integrating across scales: effectively applying science for the successful conservation of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha E Mather ◽  
Donna L Parrish ◽  
Carol L Folt ◽  
Richard M DeGraaf
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Important Species ◽  
The Public ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Public Imagination

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is an excellent species on which to focus synthetic, integrative investigations because it is an economically important species that captures the public imagination, is heavily impacted by humans, uses several ecosystems over its life, and is the subject of a large body of extant literature. The following 24 papers were solicited to provide the biological basis for effective and innovative approaches that biologists, managers, and social scientists can use to develop policies that sustain Atlantic salmon and related species. Together these papers highlight the need for and benefits of (a) synthesizing within populations, (b) choosing the appropriate scale, (c) comparing across populations using rigorous, focused, question-oriented methods, (d) integrating across disciplines, (e) incorporating the human perspective, (f) linking multiple ecosystems, and (g) applied problem solving. To show how Atlantic salmon can guide research and conservation efforts for other species in other systems, we review the justification for the supplement and summarize the defining concepts that emerge from the volume.

Spatial variation in environmental characteristics of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) rivers

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (S1) ◽  
pp. 267-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott R Elliott ◽  
Treva A Coe ◽  
James M Helfield ◽  
Robert J Naiman
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Anthropogenic Disturbances ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Physical Habitat ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Rivers And Streams

Rivers and streams occupied by anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) occur across a diverse array of landscapes. This article describes the general ecology of these rivers and streams, including many of the physical and biological variables that are important characteristics of all lotic systems. For analytical purposes, the geographic range of Atlantic salmon rivers is divided into five regions, based on geomorphology and climate. The physical habitat available to anadromous Atlantic salmon is diverse. The geology varies from granitic bedrock to volcanic and glacial substrates, which influence a broad array of other ecological variables, ranging from water chemistry to catchment morphology (e.g., river length). Flood regimes and system hydrology are dependent, as expected, on climate. Many of the catchments receive substantial precipitation in the form of snow; rivers in four of the five regions experience primarily spring freshets. Aquatic temperatures are also variable, representing close to the full range of thermal tolerance of S. salar, with lows just above 0°C in the northernmost latitudes to summer highs in western Europe approaching 25°C. Most rivers are best characterized as oligotrophic with relatively low annual primary productivity. However, physical factors such as availability of suitable spawning and rearing habitat, as well as aquatic temperature and flow regimes, may drive anadromous productivity. In general, most of the rivers have been modified by flow regulation and many suffer from impacts related to other anthropogenic disturbances, principally riparian forest clearing for agriculture, forestry, and urban development. We conclude that the rivers and streams occupied by anadromous Atlantic salmon are diverse across the species' range and have been heavily impacted by anthropogenic disturbances.

The relative importance of local, lateral, and longitudinal variables on the development of habitat quality models for a river

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Bouchard ◽  
Daniel Boisclair
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Habitat Quality ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Quality Models ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure

Fish habitat quality models (FHQM) developed for rivers consist of relationships between indices of habitat quality and environmental conditions prevailing within sites (local variables). Given the hierarchical structure of these ecosystems, modeling habitat quality over complete rivers may require the inclusion of variables in FHQM that represent the processes operating over a more complete range of spatial scales. The objectives of this study were to quantify the relative importance of local, lateral (characteristics of the shores), and longitudinal (attributes along the upstream–downstream axis of the river) variables on a FHQM developed for parr of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Parr densities (an index of habitat quality) and local, lateral, and longitudinal variables were estimated in 32 reaches of 200 m. FHQM were developed using analytical units (AU) of 50, 100, and 200 m (length of AU in the upstream–downstream axis of the river). The structure and the explanatory power of FHQM were affected by the AU size. In the study river, 98% of the explanatory power of FHQM was imputed to the effect of local variables.

Microstructure and texture of fresh and smoked Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., fillets from fish reared and slaughtered under different conditions

2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sjofn Sigurgisladottir ◽  
Margret S. Sigurdardottir ◽  
Helga Ingvarsdottir ◽  
Ole J. Torrissen ◽  
Hannes Hafsteinsson
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar
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