THE CORROSION PROBLEMS IN HOUSEHOLD WATER HEATERS OF SABRATHA CITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-90
Author(s):  
Khalid H. Almadhoni ◽  
Mohammad A. Ammar
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Galvanic Corrosion ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Heating Element ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Metallographic Examination ◽  
Water Heaters

The corrosion destructive action can reach the home of millions of people, thus costing a tremendous amount of money and causing a great inconvenience. With the up rise of brackish water in Sabratha city, corrosion can damage water heaters, pipe network, refrigerators and many more items found at homes. In addition, in the absence of adequate specifications, major failures of water heaters have been reported in the recent years creating a great deal of concern. This study investigated the reasons of water heaters failure, and the methods needed to overcome or limit such a problem. Three main components, which have a direct relationship with the corrosion phenomena of heaters, were studied namely water, heater storage tank and heating element cover. To achieve that a chemical analysis of water samples and an examination of the microstructure and the chemical composition of heater storage tank and the heating element cover were carried out. The results revealed that the likelihood of forming a scale of Ca CO3 increases with increasing temperature, salt concentrations and the PH value. The metallographic examination showed the presence of a ferrite-pearlite structure. The microstructural studies revealed the presence of un-equivalent distribution of carbon content responsible for galvanic corrosion. They also revealed that grain growth in Heat Affective Zone (H. A. Z.) was responsible for pitting type corrosion. The weld showed typical WIDMANSTAATEN structure. Chemical composition of the sample indicated that the structure belongs to the low carbon steel which is identical to ASM 1020, and that the cover of heating element is made of pure copper.

scholarly journals Materials for Automotive Lightweighting

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Taub ◽  
Emmanuel De Moor ◽  
Alan Luo ◽  
David K. Matlock ◽  
John G. Speer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Galvanic Corrosion ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Advanced High Strength Steels ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
The Cost

Reducing the weight of automobiles is a major contributor to increased fuel economy. The baseline materials for vehicle construction, low-carbon steel and cast iron, are being replaced by materials with higher specific strength and stiffness: advanced high-strength steels, aluminum, magnesium, and polymer composites. The key challenge is to reduce the cost of manufacturing structures with these new materials. Maximizing the weight reduction requires optimized designs utilizing multimaterials in various forms. This use of mixed materials presents additional challenges in joining and preventing galvanic corrosion.

Selecting the Parameters for Brazing 08 Steel with Pure Copper Solder Paste

2010 ◽  
Vol 426-427 ◽  
pp. 432-435
Author(s):  
De Gong Chang ◽  
J. Zhang ◽  
M.L. Lv
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Filler Metal ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Solder Paste ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Steel Joints ◽  
The Ideal

The larger variation of the construction and performance of the low-carbon steel joints was caused by the high temperature of the puddle welding of the joint. Therefore, the braze welding rather than the puddle welding was applied to the welding production of low-carbon steel. The 08 steel parts were joined in a furnace using pure copper solder paste as brazing filler metal. According to the obtained results, the ideal technical parameters are as follow: brazing temperature: 1100-1150°C; holding time: 5-10min; joint clearance: 0.03-0.05mm.

Studies of the Late Bronze Age copper-based ingots found in Greece

2000 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 207-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Mangou ◽  
Panayiotis V. Ioannou
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Slow Cooling ◽  
Metallographic Examination ◽  
Aegean Region ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
Different Origin

Seven bun type, one slab type, and 44 oxhide type Late Bronze Age ingots found in the Aegean region, Crete and Mainland Greece have been analysed for their chemical content (twelve elements) by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results show that the ingots contain variable amounts of oxygen as copper(I) oxide. The oxhide ingots are made of purer copper, the bun type are of relatively pure copper and bronze, while the slab type is bronze. The oxhide ingots from Crete may have a different origin from those found in the Aegean and in Mainland Greece because they have a different chemical composition. The metallographic examination of twenty ingots, three of bun and seventeen of oxhide type, revealed that they have been cast in open moulds, followed by slow cooling. Microanalyses of inclusions in fifteen ingots revealed the presence of copper(I) sulphide, copper(I) oxide, copper-iron and copper-iron-sulphur and their origin is discussed. Hardness measurements on fourteen ingots of various types revealed that they are somewhat harder for a cast object than control alloys and likely explanations are given.

Study on Cleanliness of Ultra-Low Carbon Steel First Slab

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 2037-2043
Author(s):  
Qi Chun Peng ◽  
Xue Sen Yu ◽  
Wei Xiong ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
Liang Zhou Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Liquid Steel ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Metallographic Examination ◽  
Ultra Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Casting Length ◽  
Slag Entrapment

By means of Oxygen and Nitrogen Analyzer, Metallographic Examination, SLIME, SEM, EDS, etc, the cleanliness of ultra-low carbon steel first slab produced by LD-RH-CC, and the comparative analysis with the cleanliness of normal slab is studied. The results show that T[O] and [N] are obviously decreasing with the increasing of casting length. The micro-inclusions and large-inclusions are generally decreasing with the increasing of casting length. The micro-inclusions of the first slab are mainly from deoxidization products and reoxidation of liquid steel. And the sources of large-sized inclusions mainly are reoxidation of liquid steel, slag entrapment in mould or tundish and stuffing sand. The cleanliness of ultra-low carbon steel first slab is closed to those normal slabs at the length of 3.5m.

scholarly journals Fracture Toughness Properties of Savannah River Site Storage Tank ASTM A285 Low Carbon Steel

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Subramanian ◽  
A. J. Duncan ◽  
R. L. Sindelar
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Savannah River Site ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Savannah River ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
River Site

A materials test program was developed to measure mechanical properties of ASTM A285 Grade B low carbon steel for application to structural and flaw stability analysis of storage tanks at the Department of Energy (DOE) Savannah River Site (SRS). Under this plan, fracture toughness and tensile testing are being performed at conditions that are representative of storage tank conditions on steels that span compositions within ASTM A285 specifications. The testing is being done within the framework of a statistical test matrix and the data collected will be used to develop a predictive model for materials properties. The results presented herein are limited to a subset of data comparing for comparison of a recent vintage steel versus an older steel for fracture resistance behavior. These preliminary results indicate that dynamic loading rates result in a greater increase in the fracture toughness response in the case of the recent vintage steels of lower carbon content when compared to the archival heat of high carbon content. In addition, ductile tearing in the archival, high carbon steel was more likely to be interrupted by cleavage fracture at lower fracture energies than the modern, low carbon steel.

Cold Joining of Dissimilar Metal Sheets by Shot Peening

2010 ◽  
Vol 654-656 ◽  
pp. 1327-1330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasunori Harada
Keyword(s):  
Shot Peening ◽  
Cast Steel ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Dissimilar Metal ◽  
Metal Sheets

The cold joining of dissimilar metal sheets using a shot peening process was investigated. In shot peening the substrate undergoes large plastic deformation near the surface due to the hit with shots. Consequently, plastic flow areas formed by cold working may form the surface layer. The dissimilar sheets with the concavo-convex edge are connected, and then the contact area is shot-peened. In this joining, the convex edges of the sheet are laid on the other sheet. Namely, in the joining area, the two sheets are superimposed. In the experiment, the shot peening treatment was performed by using an air-type peening machine. The shots used were made of high carbon cast steel. Air pressure was 0.6MPa and peening time was in the range of 30-150s. The peening conditions were controlled in the experiment. The sheets were commercial low-carbon steel, stainless steel, pure aluminum, pure titanium, pure copper, and magnesium alloy. The effects of processing conditions on the joinability were mainly examined. The joint strength increased with the kinetic energy of shots. It was found that the present method was effective for cold joining of dissimilar metal sheets.

scholarly journals The Effect of Desulfovibrio Desulfuricans To Carbon Steel Grade API 5L X70

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Nur Bazilah Ishak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Outer Part ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Desulfovibrio Desulfuricans ◽  
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion ◽  
Metal Loss ◽  
Low Carbon

Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) caused by the presence of Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) is a big concern in heavy industries. Pipeline infrastructure may experience severe metal loss due to corrosion induced by the species and can potentially lead to catastrophic failure. By studying SRB growth condition, important parameter can be controlled to prevent or slow down a corrosion process. This study discussed on the effect of pH value to the corrosion growth rate on API 5L X70 low carbon steel subjected to outer part of underground pipeline. In this research, the type of SRB that's been used is Postgate C of Desulfovibrio Desulfuricans. There are 80 numbers of samples prepared with various pH value and temperature, which each of the samples contains two coupon steel immersed in the medium together with SRB for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The process in determining weight loss is analyzed and the corrosion rate for each steel sample is identified by weight loss. The result is plotted and analyzed, the particular pH values and temperature affect the growth of SRB in the medium where the existence of SRB could accelerate the corrosion rate towards the steel surface of API X-70. The samples are exposed to SRB in days’ time. This experiment aims to determine the optimum temperature for SRB growth and demonstrate the corrosion rate simulation using One-Factor-at-A-Time method (OFAT) method. The consequences of SRB activity, it is shown that pitting corrosion produced on the surface of steel. In fact, the sulphur element is identified as one of the corrosion products due to SRB activity.

Studies on Cationic Property of Quaternary Polyethyleneimine

2011 ◽  
Vol 689 ◽  
pp. 432-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Xue Dong Wu ◽  
Bao Jiao Gao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Zeta Potentials ◽  
Adsorbed Films ◽  
Weight Loss Method ◽  
Loss Method ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Surface Modified

In this paper, the inhibition efficiency of Quaternary Polyethyleneimine (QPEI) self-adsorbed films was studied by polarization curve and weight loss method. We made an intensive study of its anticorrosion mechanism for low carbon steel in different acid baths using Polyethyleneimine(PEI) and QPEI as inhibitor, respectively. Diatomite particles were surface-modified with PEI and QPEI, respectively, and their zeta potentials were measured. The morphologies and compositions of the polymer film on the steel surface were examined with the aids of SEM and XPS, respectively. Compared with PEI, the cationic property is stronger, and it is not influenced by the PH value of mediums. The zeta potential of diatomite particles surface-modified with QPEI remains higher positive in whole PH range. The above facts enough confirm that anticorrosion mechanism of QPEI for low carbon steel attributes to its possessing outstanding cationic property.

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