scholarly journals ON SOME ASPECTS OF THE LEGAL REGULATION OF RELATIONS ARISING FROM ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

2021 ◽  
pp. 121-132
Author(s):  
Т.В. Твердова
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Intellectual Activity ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Special Rules

Аннотация. Статья посвящена оценке искусственного интеллекта с по- зиции действующего российского законодательства, предлагается относить- ся к нему как к результату интеллектуальной деятельности. Рассмотрена целесообразность включения в Гражданский кодекс Российской Федерации спе- циальных норм о договорах, заключаемых по поводу создания искусственного интеллекта и передачи прав на его использование. Затронута проблема от- ветственности. The article is devoted to the assessment of artificial intelligence from the standpoint of the current Russian legislation, it is proposed to treat it as a result of intellectual activity. The expediency of including in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation special rules on contracts concluded on the creation of artificial intelligence and the transfer of rights to use it is considered. The problem of responsibility is raised.

scholarly journals Legal regulation of the development and application of artificial intelligence in military sector of the Russian Federation in the context of the government strategy and ensuring the protection of intellectual property rights

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-42
Author(s):  
Maryam Abdurakhmanovna Akhmadova
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Intellectual Activity ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government

The subject of this research is the examination of legal perspective on the approaches towards regulation of artificial intelligence and robotic technologies in military sector of the Russian Federation, including in ensuring the protection of the results of intellectual activity of researchers and developers, as well as the analysis of law enforcement practice on the protection of intellectual property in the interests of the state. In this format, the author determines the key conditions for recognition of the results of intellectual activity of military, special, and dual purpose as protectable object in accordance with the effective civil legislation. Attention is given to the practical results of domestic military equipment development using the artificial intelligence systems. The scientific novelty consists in articulation of the problem and approaches towards its research. The conclusion is made wide use of artificial intelligence technologies in the sphere of ensuring national security, as well as regulation based on the technical approach, rather than legal, not only create advantages in the military context, but can also cause issues that must be resolved. Taking into account real achievements in legal regulation of the results of intellectual activity, including the theoretical component, the author ascertains the need for improvement of the legislative framework on both, federal level and bylaws, including for the purpose of achieving a uniform use of the conceptual-categorical apparatus.

FEATURES OF FUNCTIONING OF INVESTMENT-INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY. DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
A. P. DROZDOVA ◽  
◽  
S. M. MOLCHANOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Intellectual Activity ◽  
Accounting Data ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Scientific Potential ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Innovative Potential ◽  
Business Entities

The article discusses information sources in assessing the effectiveness of innovations, types of cash inflows, cash outflows in the context of the organization's operational, investment and financial activities. The problem of insufficient relevance of accounting data in the analysis of the effectiveness of investment in innovation is reflected. The need for systematization of the current regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation to integrate information on the results of intellectual activity into a single mechanism for effective management of the development of innovative potential of the Russian Federation is noted. The experience of foreign companies in the investment and innovation sphere is summarized. The factors influencing the development of the scientific potential of Russian companies and the need to introduce economic incentives for innovation entities are presented. The functions of the RF authorities in the field of legal regulation of innovations for the successful development of mechanisms for interaction between business entities and the state, the protection of intellectual property and the growth of the effectiveness of the practical application of innovative developments are generalized.

INHERITANCE OF THE PROPERTY OF A MEMBER OF A PEASANT (FARMER) FARM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Татьяна Алексеевна Безгодкова ◽  
Людмила Дмитриевна Туршук
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Peasant Farmer ◽  
Legal Entity ◽  
The Russian Federation

В статье рассматриваются проблемы правового регулирования наследования имущества члена крестьянского (фермерского) хозяйства. КФХ может существовать в двух формах: как юридическое лицо и без образования юридического лица. ГК РФ определяет порядок перехода по наследству имущества лишь КФХ без образования юридического лица. The article deals with the problems of legal regulation of inheritance of property of a member of a peasant (farmer) farm. PFF can exist in two forms: as a legal entity and without the formation of a legal entity. The Civil Code of the Russian Federation defines the procedure for the inheritance of property only in a farm without the formation of a legal entity.

scholarly journals A Prohibition to Receive Remuneration (Gifts) in Connection with the Performance of Official Duties as a Measure of Anti-Corruption Criminological Security

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 660-675
Author(s):  
Irina Damm ◽  
Aleksey Tarbagaev ◽  
Evgenii Akunchenko
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
To Receive

A prohibition for persons holding government (municipal) positions, for government (municipal) employees, and some other employees of the public sphere who are public officials to receive remuneration (gifts) is aimed at preventing bribery (Art. 290, 291, 291.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation), and could be viewed as a measure of anti-corruption criminological security. However, the existing collisions of civil, administrative and criminal law norms that regulate this prohibition lead to an ongoing discussion in research publications and complexities in practice. The goal of this research is to study the conditions and identify the problems of the legal regulation of receiving remuneration (gifts) in connection with the performance of official duties that prevent the implementation of anti-corruption criminological security. The authors use the legal theory of security measures to analyze the provisions of Clause 3, Part 1, Art. 575 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and Clause 6, Part 1, Art. 17 of the Federal Law «About the Public Civil Service in the Russian Federation», examine the doctrinal approaches to defining the priority of enforcing the above-mentioned norms, study the significant features of the category «ordinary gift» and conduct its evaluation from the standpoint of differentiating between gifts and bribes, also in connection with the criteria of the insignificance of the corruption deed. The empirical basis of the study is the decisions of courts of general jurisdiction. The authors also used their experience of working in Commissions on the observance of professional behavior and the resolution of conflicts of interests at different levels. The conducted research allowed the authors to come to the following fundamental conclusions: 1) the special security rule under Clause 6, Part 1, Art. 17 of the Federal Law «About the Public Civil Service in the Russian Federation», which sets a full prohibition for government employees to receive remuneration (gifts) in connection with the performance of official duties, contradicts Clause 3, Part 1, Art. 575 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (the existing legal-linguistic vagueness of categories in Art. 575 of the CC of the RF leads to problems in law enforcement and makes a negative impact on the anti-corruption mentality of people); 2) as the concepts «gift» and «bribe» do not logically intersect, the development of additional normative legal criteria for their delineation seems to be unpromising and will lead to a new wave of scholastic and practical disagreements; 3) the introduction of a uniform and blanket ban on receiving remuneration (gifts) in the public sphere by eliminating Clause 3, Part 1, Art. 575 of the CC of the RF seems to be an effective measure of preventing bribery, and its application is justified until Russian society develops sustainable anti-corruption mentality.

Constitutional control in the subjects of the Russian Federation: how it can be after the abolition of constitutional (statutory) courts

2021 ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Kryazhkov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Constitutional Reform ◽  
Legal Institution ◽  
The Status ◽  
Constitutional Justice ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Statutory Control

The article is devoted to the problems of constitutional control in the subjects of the Russian Federation. The article examines its origins related to the formation and functioning of constitutional (statutory) courts at this level, reveals the reasons that did not allow the constitutional justice of the subjects of the Russian Federation to become a full-fledged state legal institution for 30 years. It is shown how, as a result of the constitutional reform, these courts were abolished, and a recommendation of the federal legislator appeared on the creation of constitutional (statutory) councils under the legislative (representative) state authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation instead of them. The article analyzes the legal regulation of the organization and activities of such bodies in domestic and foreign practice. Taking this into account and based on the existing constitutional and legal possibilities, proposals are formulated on the status of these councils (their nature, the procedure for their formation and work, powers and decisions), which allows them to be an effective body of constitutional (statutory) control in the subjects of the Russian Federation.

Ukrainian patent reform: render harmless a utility model

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-63
Author(s):  
Irina Kirichenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Chemical Formula ◽  
Utility Model ◽  
Intellectual Activity ◽  
Ukrainian Patent ◽  
Utility Models ◽  
The Russian Federation

The patent is an amazing thing, it’s like a narcotic: nothing but a chemical formula known for more than one century, registered as a utility model, but can subjugate all other licenses and permits in a way that no other “gun” can. According to Article 1 of the Law of Ukraine “On Protection of Rights to Inventions and Utility Models”, a utility model (just as an invention) is the result of human intellectual activity in any sphere of technology i.e. the object of the utility model (UM) may be any product (device, substance etc.) or a process (unlike us, unfortunately our Russian colleagues severely limited innovation activity. For example, Article 1351, Paragraph 1 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation allows you to protect as a utility model only a technical solution relating to an apparatus).

FUNDAMENTALS OF THE THEORY OF PRE-CONTRACTUAL LIABILITY

2021 ◽  
pp. 148-161
Author(s):  
Alesya V. Demkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Good Faith ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Special Rules

The article deals with the relatively new rules of Art. 434.1 the Civil Code of the Russian Federation on the conduct of negotiations. Taking into account the current wording of the said rule and the experience of foreign legislation on pre-contractual liability, the article argues for different theories justifying the nature of pre-contractual legal relations and liability and gives different positions of the authors on this issue. Proceeding from the doctrinal concept of obligation and characteristics of pre-contractual relations themselves the conclusion is made that these relations, firstly, are regulated by law and, secondly, they are not simply a legal relation but an obligation. It is based on certain actions of the negotiating partners that give rise to such an obliga-tion. As such, any action that is sufficiently certain (in some cases it may be required by law) and expresses the intention of the person to regard himself as negotiating with the addressee, who will in return perform the same sufficiently certain action, can be regarded as such. The specified characteristics of an action allow us to conclude that, from the point of view of classification of legal facts, this action is an act (because it is performed with a certain in-tention evident to other participants of civil turnover) and, moreover, it is also a transaction. Special rules of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation stipulate that the actions performed to enter into negotiations (for example, if the conclusion of a contract is binding on one party) or the actions of both partners entail legal consequences - the obligation to negotiate in good faith. The analysis of these legal relationships identifies three stages in their development, charac-terises them and attempts to answer more precisely the question of who can be a participant in the negotiation process depending on the stage of the negotiation process. The subject matter of an obligation arising during pre-contractual contacts will be actions aimed at negotiating and concluding a contract. The content of the obligation arising in the course of pre-contractual contacts, based on Art. 434.1 of the Civil Code will be the obligation to negotiate in good faith (paragraph 2 of the above rule). Assuming that the legislator provides an indicative list of actions that should fall within the scope of bad faith conduct, an indicative list of the "standard" of good faith conduct at the negotiation stage is given. This includes the obligation to provide full and truthful information to a party, including the reporting of circumstances that, due to the nature of the contract, must be brought to the attention of the other party (e.g. in a sale, all encumbrances on the subject of the contract must be reported). In addition, persons are obliged to negotiate only if they intend to conclude a contract, not to terminate negotiations suddenly and unjustifiably, and to take into account the rights and legitimate interests of the other party to the negotiation. The obligation under this obligation may also include a requirement not to disclose infor-mation obtained during the negotiation of the contract.

Systematization and improvement legal regulation of the use of artificial intelligence in law enforcement

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
Vadim K. Barchukov
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Effective Work ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article systematizes legal acts at the international, Federal and departmental levels on the use of artificial intelligence in law enforcement. In particular, at the international level, the corresponding legal act, according to the author, should contain three components of legal regulation: 1) regulate the organization and construction of an artificial intelligence system between States; 2) determine the principles of functioning of artificial intelligence; 3) regulate the ethical issues of using artificial intelligence. The legal basis for the use of artificial intelligence systems in law enforcement at the Federal level, in addition to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, should be the Strategy for the development of the information society in the Russian Federation (Strategy) for 2017-2030, as well as some special Federal laws (for example, the Law of Moscow), which are designed to specify the mechanism for using the advantages of artificial intelligence in all spheres of public life, including law enforcement. The author notes that the mentioned strategy defines only the General provisions of the state policy on the development of information technologies and artificial intelligence technologies. At the same time, the implementation of national interests outlined in the Strategy is impossible without the effective work of law enforcement agencies, whose functioning, in turn, is impossible without a well-built system of interaction between information support and artificial intelligence. The final part of the paper presents some proposals for improving the legal regulation of the use of artificial intelligence in law enforcement, in particular, justifies the need to adopt a national Doctrine for the use of a Unified system of information support and artificial intelligence in the activities of law enforcement agencies.

Legal Regulation of Adjudication in Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Issues of Conflict Rules)

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Татьяна Лазарева ◽  
Tatyana Lazaryeva
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
Conflict Of Laws ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Law ◽  
Contractual Obligations ◽  
Rome I

The article deals with conflict of laws regulation of transfer of creditor’s rights to another person (assignment of claims (cessions) and transfer of rights under the law) in terms of amendments to Part III of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. The author notes that though amendments to the separate article on cession are not fundamental, the amendments of other articles of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, concerning contractual obligations, do influence regulation of relations between the parties in assignment. The article pays special attention to the new conflict of law rule regulating the transfer of the creditor’s rights under the law. Relevant court practice is analyzed. On the basis of comparing legislations of specific countries, as well as norms of EC No. 593/2008 (‘‘Rome I’’) Regulation and EC No. 864/2007 (‘‘Rome II’’) Regulation the author draws the conclusion that despite some differences in conflict of laws regulation of the transfer of the creditor’s rights, in general the Russian rules comply with modern trends in private international law in the majority of European countries.

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