scholarly journals “MEYORU-Т-TADOYYUN” AS RELIGIOUS AND MORAL SOURCE

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
Ismat NAIMOV
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
World Religions ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Scientific Legacy ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The 19Th Century

In the second half of the 19th century, marked by intensive scientific researches, the educator and encyclopedist Ahmad Donish left behind a rich scientific legacy, particularly his work Me’yoru-t-tadoyun, which to this day remains poorly studied. Even though the name of this work is known to the scientific community, few people are still familiar with its content. The article analyzes the religious and moral factors that caused the creation of the work Me’yoru-t-tadoyun, the recommendations of Ahmad Donish regarding the coverage of the history of world religions, and the rights of representatives of different religions to consider their beliefs as the only true ones. Ahmad Donish proposed a series of large-scale reforms in the Bukhara Emirate. These reforms assumed the coverage of a complex of political, economic, and social problems of the country, which would contribute to the establishment of mutual respect and peaceful coexistence of citizens of the Bukhara Emirate, belonging to various religious beliefs. In his work, Ahmad Donish turned to the scientific heritage of his forerunners to strengthen the correctness of his ideas. The sources for it were such works as the works of Sheikh Fariddin Attor (Tazkiratu-l-avliya), Mavlono Jami (Nafatahul-uns), Sarvi Bustani and his Tadilu-l-mizan, considered to be the edition of Mizanu-l-Haq, Mizanu-l-mavazin by Abdullah Mashhadi, Nasikhatu-l-muminin by Hafiz Gulom Halim Dehlevi, Rabboniilikni anglash (Understanding the Rabbinic ) by Abdulqadyr Gelani, including Kimiyoi Saodat and Imam Ghazali, such religious and moralistic works as Kanzu-lirfon and Hadisi Qudsi. The content of the work traces the influence of the philosophical views of Abu Nasr Farabi on the formation of the religious and moral ideas of Ahmad Donish. The author of the article, outlining his thoughts about the meaning of «Me’yoru-t-tadoiyun» for the present, emphasizes and gives several convincing examples confirming the importance of this work for ensuring interreligious harmony of tolerance, resolving mutual contradictions between different religions. The author ends the article with scientific conclusions about the meaning and role of the studied work «Me’yoru-t-tadoyun» in the education of modern youth and in explaining the essence of the true doctrine of Islam.

Little Transparency, Many Obstructions. The 19th Century, Exhibitions, Viewing Tools

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Litwinowcz-Droździel
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Optical Instruments ◽  
Crystal Palace ◽  
Moving Images ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
19Th Century History ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article examines various threads of the 19th-century history of culture, which deal with the topic of vision. The author analyses 19th-century exhibitions as tools for looking, large scale and accessible optical instruments. Following archival records, the author sets forward a thesis according to which popular exhibitions fulfilled the role of stabilizing visual experience in an age of radical sensual transformation and the rising ambiguity of cognitive categories. In light of the anxieties caused by numerous new inventions, which produced illusive static and moving images, the Crystal Palace (and its local cousins) could seem to provide tools for visually controlling reality. The author also analyzes tropes of melancholia and disappointment, caused by this 19th-century project of visual utopia.

Biblical Ladies in Roman Garb

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maren R. Niehoff
Keyword(s):  
Active Role ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Mothers And Daughters ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Historical Figures ◽  
Biblical Women ◽  
History Of ◽  
Change Of Perspective ◽  
The Law

This chapter addresses Philo's refashioning of the biblical women in the Exposition of the Law, which differs significantly from his interpretation of them in Allegorical Commentary. They no longer symbolize the dangerous body with its passions, best to be left behind, but rather have become exemplary wives, mothers, and daughters who play an active role in the history of Israel. This dramatic change of perspective can be explained in terms of Philo's move from Alexandria to Rome. While gender issues were not discussed in the philosophical circles of his home city, he later encountered lively philosophical discussions in Rome on the role of women in society. His new image of the biblical women in the Exposition closely corresponds to his view of the Roman empress Livia, whose clear-sightedness, strength, and loyalty he appreciates. The biblical women likewise become real historical figures whom Philo interprets sympathetically from within.

scholarly journals PEREDARAN OPIUM DI MINANGKABAU ABAD KE-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nasir
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Opium Trade ◽  
Islamic Reform ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Made In

This article discusses the history of Minangkabau in the 19th century AD. One of the themes of 19th century Minangkabau history is the Islamic reform movement promoted by religious groups commonly called the Padri movement. One of the central issues of the Padri movement was eradicating the habit of drinking alcoholism that occurred in Minangkabau society. The habit of smoking the drug that comes from boiling opium certainly indicates the existence of the drug on a large scale. Therefore, this article will present a picture of the opium trade in Minangkabau in the 19th century from upstream (providers) to downstream (dealers). It is hoped that this article will be useful as an explanation for the habit of smoking made in the Minangkabau community at that time.

scholarly journals The Ural Text of the Russian Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-136
Author(s):  
Marina Ch. Larionova
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Book Publishing ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Ural Region ◽  
Regional Literature ◽  
Library Management ◽  
Region Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Literature ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article reviews contents, theoretical grounds, and significance for the contemporary philology of a large-scale work of Ural scholars – The History of Literature of the Ural Region (The 19th Century). In the 1920s, the idea of cultural nests – regional cultural centres, which have their own history and traditions, – was formulated in the works by N. K. Piksanov. The idea was followed and further developed by N. P. Antsiferov, who wrote about an attractive and magnetic power of locus, which organizes the cultural space around itself. That was the beginning of regional literature studies. V.N. Toporov and N. E. Mednis introduced the notions of the urban text, local text, and super-text of the Russian literature, which were accepted by the humanities geography (D.N. Zamyatin). Regional philological studies fitted into the frontier discourse smoothly: space and territory began to be perceived and considered as historical and socio-cultural factors. The reviewed book is the Ural text of the Russian literature incorporating literary and journalistic works about this poly-ethnic macro-region, written by authors biographically and territorially connected with the Large Ural Region; data on bibliography, book publishing and book trade, library management, the history of theatre, etc. The scale of research and the widest coverage of topics and data deserve the highest appraisal and make the work by the Ural colleagues exemplary.

scholarly journals The historian of the book and book business I. E. Barenbaum (to the 100th anniversary of his birth)

2021 ◽  
pp. 164-172
Author(s):  
Petr N. Bazanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Book Publishing ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
History Of The Book ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Books ◽  
The 19Th Century

A detailed review of the scientific activities of professor I. Ye. Barenbaum (1921–2006), the most famous representative of the St. Petersburg school of bibliology in the field of the history of books and book business, is given. Particular attention is paid to his contribution to the study of the history of books in the second half of the 19th century. The role of I. Ye. Barenbaum as an innovator and pioneer in the study of the history of the publishing activity of revolutionary democrats is substantiated. The scientific heritage of the scientist is about 400 publications. I. Ye. Barenbaum’s main research activities were the history of the book business of St. Petersburg, the history of revolutionary-democratic book publishing in the 19th century, the history of the reader, and the French book in Russia. The article analyzes the main works devoted to the book business of St. Petersburg. His contribution to the creation of textbooks on the history of the book is shown. The work of I. Ye. Barenbaum on the historiography of the history of the book is considered.

Voice in a narrative: A trialogue with Ruth Finnegan

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Sarali Gintsburg ◽  
Luis Galván Moreno ◽  
Ruth Finnegan
Keyword(s):  
Oral Poetry ◽  
Oral Literature ◽  
Childhood Memories ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
African Languages ◽  
The Bible ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract Ruth Finnegan FBA OBE (1933, Derry, Northern Ireland) took a DPhil in Anthropology at Oxford, then joined the Open University of which she is now an Emeritus Professor. Her publications include Oral Literature in Africa (1970), Oral Poetry (1977), The Hidden Musicians: Music-Making in an English Town (1989), and Why Do We Quote? The Culture and History of Quotation (2011). Ruth Finnegan was interviewed by Sarali Gintsburg (ICS, University of Navarra) and Luis Galván Moreno (University of Navarra) on the occasion of an online lecture delivered at the Institute for Culture and Society at the University of Navarra. In this trialogue-like interview, Ruth tells about the childhood experiences that were decisive for her interest in orality and storytelling, about her education and training as a Classicist in Oxford, the beginnings of her fieldwork in Africa among the Limba of Sierra Leone, and her recent activity as a novelist. She stresses the importance of voice, of its physical, bodily dimensions, its pitch and cadence; and then affirms the essential role of audience in communication. The discussion then touches upon several features of African languages, classical Arabic and Greek, and authoritative texts of Western culture, from Homer and the Bible to the 19th century novel. Through discussing her childhood memories, her assessment of the development and challenges of anthropology, and her views on the digital transformation of the world, Ruth concludes that the notion of narrative, communication, and multimodality are inseparably linked.

Brief outline of the history of world epidemics-pandemics Part II. Cholera nineteenth

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
O.E. Fedorenko ◽  
К.V. Коlyadenko
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Cholera Vibrio ◽  
Holy Places ◽  
History Of ◽  
Imminent Death ◽  
Active Communication ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The 19Th Century

An epidemic of any infectious disease is an invisible ruthless enemy that cannot be defeated by military, political, economic or ideological means. Humanity always reacts to such threats quite nervously and subconsciously tries to mythologize them, at least a little, in order to somehow psychologically protect itself from the real fear of imminent death. Since there is no rational defense against such a threat, people for the most part react in an irrational manner.The 19th century, almost the same as the previous centuries, «started» in epidemiological terms almost from the very beginning of its calendar. Only in contrast to the previous 18th century, the main and dominant danger was posed by another infectious pathology — cholera.In the history of medicine, over the 19th century, as many as six outbreaks of cholera epidemics were recorded since 1817. The first of them began in East Bengal and lasted 8 years (1817—1824), gradually, covering almost all India and big regions of the Middle East. It was worsened by the traditional travels of both Hindu and Muslim pilgrims to «holy places» who spread Vibrio cholerae on foot and through active communication with local residents.One of the significant reasons why cholera epidemic continued with minimal interruptions for almost the entire nineteenth century was an insufficient level of scientific knowledge in microbiology and the resulting ignorance of the causative agent of cholera — vibrio and its properties.Another factor was a complete lack of understanding by society of the need to observe at least the simplest sanitary standards in everyday life. And there was also misunderstanding among the leadership which tried to limit the next outbreak of cholera mainly by administrative measures without adequate explanations of their essence and necessity to the population.

More Lessons to Learn: Thomas Piketty’s Capital and Ideology and Alternative Archives of Social Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-146
Author(s):  
Andreas Langenohl
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
Democratic Governance ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Historical Trajectory ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Alternative Archives

Abstract Thomas Piketty’s Capital and Ideology has been written with the intention to offer lessons from the historical trajectory of economic redistribution in societies the world over. Thereby, the book suggests learning from the political-economic history of ‘social-democratic’ policies and societal arrangements. While the data presented speak to the plausibility of looking at social democracy, as understood by Piketty, as an archive for learning about the effects of redistribution mechanisms, I argue that the book, or future interventions might profit from integrating alternative archives. On the one hand, its current line of argumentation tends to underestimate the significance of power relations in the international political economy that continued after formal decolonization, and thus form the flip side of social democracy’s success in Europe and North America. On the other hand, the role of the polity might be imagined in a different and more empowering way, not just-as in Piketty-as an elite-liberal democratic governance institution; for instance, it would be interesting to explore the archive of the French solidaristes movement more deeply than Piketty does, as well as much more recent interventions in economic anthropology that deal with ‘economic citizenship’ in the Global South.

Conclusion

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Modern History ◽  
Late Modernity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter extends the book’s insights about nature, technology, and nation to the larger history of the modern period. While the modern nation loses its grip as a locus of identity and analysis, attempts to understand the operation, disruption, and collapse of continental and global infrastructures continue to mix the natural and the machinic in ways that define them both. Those vulnerabilities emphasize large-scale catastrophe; historiographically, they mask the crucial role of small-scale failures in the experience and culture of late modernity, including its definition of nature. Historical actors turned the uneven geographical distribution of small-scale failures into a marker of distinctive local natures and an element of regional and national identity. Attending to those failures helps not only situate cold-war technologies in the larger modern history of natural and machinic orders; it helps provincialize the superpowers by casting problematic “other” natures as central and primary.

Burke, Edgeworth, and Ireland’s Discontents

2019 ◽  
pp. 156-196
Author(s):  
John Owen Havard
Keyword(s):  
Edmund Burke ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Emergent Systems ◽  
Party Identity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vantage Points ◽  
Unique Vantage

This chapter re-examines the party-political career of Edmund Burke and the writings of Maria Edgeworth in relation to a deep history of Anglo-Irish ‘discontents’ and their challenges to the ‘count’ of politics. Complicating ‘Burkean’ appeals to hierarchy and order, the chapter uncovers the conflicted party identity that is apparent within writings by and about Edmund Burke, returning to view the various channels of feeling engaged, for example, during his involvement in debates over ‘absentee’ landlords. The chapter goes on to give a reading of The Absentee (1812) that calls attention to recalcitrant elements that exceed systems of representation in Edgeworth’s novel, which remains animated in this reading by those elements left behind, in both senses, by emergent systems of governance. The chapter’s opening section speculates about the role of biography in Lewis Namier’s History of Parliament and asks how the novel form, in the hands of women writers, provided unique vantage points on political systems organized around men.

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