scholarly journals Building with landscape

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 129-148
Author(s):  
Rene Van der Velde ◽  
Michiel Pouderoijen ◽  
Janneke Van Bergen ◽  
Inge Bobbink ◽  
Frits Van Loon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Collective Narratives ◽  
Spatial Design ◽  
Coastal Landscapes ◽  
Reflective Design

The multi-dimensionality of BwN calls for the incorporation of ‘designerly ways of knowing and doing’ from other fields involved in this new trans-disciplinary approach. The transition out of a focus on rational design paradigms towards reflective design paradigms such as those employed in the spatial design disciplines may be a first step in this process. By extension, the knowledge base and design methodologies of BwN may be critically expanded by drawing on ways of knowing and doing in spatial design disciplines such as landscape architecture, which elaborates the agency of the term ‘landscape’ as counterpart to the term ‘nature’. Operative perspectives and related methodologies in this discipline such as perception, anamnesis, multi-scalar thinking, and process design resonate with specific themes in the BwN approach such as design of/with natural processes, integration of functions or layers in the territory and the connection of engineering works to human-social contexts. A series of installations realised for the Oerol festival on the island of Terschelling between 2011 and 2018 serve as case studies to elaborate potential transfers and thematic elaborations towards BwN. In these projects inter-disciplinary teams of students, researchers and lecturers developed temporary landscape installations in a coastal landscape setting. Themes emerging from these project include ‘mapping coastal landscapes as complex natures’, ‘mapping as design-generative device’, ‘crowd-mapping’, ‘people-place relationships’, ‘co-creation’, ‘narrating coastal landscapes’, ‘public interaction’ and ‘aesthetic experience’. Specific aspects of these themes relevant to the knowledge base and methodologies of BwN, include integration of sites and their contexts through descriptive and projective mappings, understanding the various spatial and temporal scales of a territory as complex natures, and the integration of collective narratives and aesthetic experiences of coastal infrastructures in the design process, via reflective dialogues.

Track 2.a Introduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sucharita BENIWAL ◽  
Sahil MATHUR ◽  
Lesley-Ann NOEL ◽  
Cilla PEMBERTON ◽  
Suchitra BALASUBRAHMANYAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Knowledge Systems ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Native Communities ◽  
Cultural Systems ◽  
Local Practices

The aim of this track was to question the divide between the nature of knowledge understood as experiential in indigenous contexts and science as an objective transferable knowledge. However, these can co-exist and inform design practices within transforming social contexts. The track aimed to challenge the hegemony of dominant knowledge systems, and demonstrate co-existence. The track also hoped to make a case for other systems of knowledges and ways of knowing through examples from native communities. The track was particularly interested in, first, how innovators use indigenous and cultural systems and frameworks to manage or promote innovation and second, the role of local knowledge and culture in transforming innovation as well as the form of local practices inspired innovation. The contributions also aspired to challenge through examples, case studies, theoretical frameworks and methodologies the hegemony of dominant knowledge systems, the divides of ‘academic’ vs ‘non-academic’ and ‘traditional’ vs ‘non-traditional’.

scholarly journals EFEKTYVIŲ PROJEKTŲ KŪRIMO DEMONSTRACINĖ SISTEMA/DEMONSTRATION SYSTEM FOR DEVELOPMENT OF EFFICIENT PROJECTS

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 84-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gintautas Ambrasas ◽  
Artūras Kaklauskas ◽  
Edmundas K. Zavadskas
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Multicriteria Analysis ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Time Process ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Multicriteria Assessment ◽  
Selection Of

The paper describes the Demonstration System suggested by the authors. This Demonstration System enables efficient performance of alternative life-time process planning, multicriteria assessment, utility degree determination and selection of the most efficient versions of various projects and their constituent parts: Determination of rational design solutions for walls, windows, roof structures, basement floor, heating system. Selection of rational constituent parts of a project (selection of construction site and location, multipurpose complex assessment of buildings, determination of rational types of contracts). Selection of efficient interested parties (contractors, suppliers, neighbours). Alternative designing of life-time process of a project (one-family dwelling houses; agricultural, cast-in-place, prefabricated panel, and thermal renovation of buildings), its multicriteria assessment, determination of utility degree and selection of the most efficient version: Determination of efficient investment projects. Preparation of recommendations on efficiency increase of projects. Alternative roof-to-basement designing of a building (one-family dwelling houses; agricultural, cast-in-place, prefabricated panel, and thermal renovation of buildings) and its multicriteria analysis. This Demonstration System enables to perform alternative designing of projects and their constituent parts, multicriteria analysis, determination of utility degree and priority and preparation of recommendations on further improvement of projects. The Demonstration System is composed of two main parts: knowledge and decisionmaking subsystem. The knowledge base contains information (system and subsystems of criteria, values and significance of criteria, etc.) fully characterizing life-time processes of various projects (investments, buildings and so forth) and their constituent parts. For instance, knowledge base of life-time process of constituent parts of a building consists of information on alternative construction sites, buildings, designers, contractors, suppliers and so on. A construction site can be described by the following system of criteria: cost, assessment of existing services (water supply, sewerage, gas, electric power supply), air contamination level, living expenses, shopping possibilities, assessment of possibilities for recreation, sports and medical care, possibility to find a job, development outlooks of the district, transport conveniences, etc. The composed knowledge base is processed in various sections by decision-making subsystem. The multicriteria analysis of received results is performed by decision-making subsystem two. The Demonstration System is used by Bachelors, Engineers and Masters while working on their term and final projects. The paper gives a more detailed analysis of the proposed System. There is presented one of works performed by means of the Demonstration System.

scholarly journals Personalia and women’s spatial practices in the routine office

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Chalmers
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
Spatial Practices ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Clerical Workers ◽  
Office Design ◽  
Spatial Design ◽  
Work Spaces ◽  
Routine Work ◽  
Space Of Flows

Office design is a contemporary cultural discourse, where space is conceived in abstract terms. Organizations mission and purpose are translated into the spatial design of workplaces. In the most dominant sectors such as finance and banking neoliberal organizations operate around the space of flows, generated by globalization, technology and postmodernity (Castells, 2000). The space of flows is also manifest in the spatial design of the workplace shaping employees’ working identities and behaviours. The dissertation asserts that there are two classes of office workers evolving in the workplace: the professional knowledge workers who are increasingly mobile and autonomous; and the routine clerical workers who are captive in a hegemonic system that keeps them doing clerical work with little prospect of promotion. It is significant that the clerical class is composed mostly of women. Personalia and Women’s Spatial Practices In The Routine Office examines the head offices of Investors Group in Winnipeg, Canada, in terms of how the company’s offices both reflect and generate spaces of flows. Women’s participation rates have grown from being a small minority in the 1900s to approximately 70% of the clerical workforce in the 2000s. Through microanalysis of previously unexamined personalia, or personal objects at the desk, the dissertation finds work spaces are expressive of women’s lived experiences of work. By conducting interviews and photographic studies of the workspaces of 11 women at Investors Group the research uncovers the ways women use the personalia at their desks to reappropriate the everyday spaces of the office. The identification of the term personalia becomes a key concept in the work and a contribution to the study of the close environment of the office desk. Social networks with co-workers, past and present are honored in the personalia at the desk; and tactics such as repurposing office supplies as gifts, along with numerous individual and heterogeneous behaviours demonstrate that routine work spaces are not neutral spaces, but are open to the expressive practices which de Certeau calls operations. The ways that women make space for themselves and push against the hegemony of the neoliberal organization are specific and instructive. They reflect women’s values and the identities crafted for public and private consumption. The research closely examines the practices of women in the financial services industry through the filter of Lefebvre’s trialectic for the analysis of space (1991), de Certeau’s ways of operating and tactics (1998), and Franck’s interpretation of Women’s Ways of Knowing (1989; 2000). The research demonstrates how personalia in the contemporary workplace reflects women’s values, and how women’s values have influenced the design of the workplace.

scholarly journals Shifting Borderland of Technoscience: Tracing Trajectories of Critical Practice

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Silvia Lindtner ◽  
Marisa Leavitt Cohn ◽  
Lucian Leahu ◽  
Hrönn B Holmer ◽  
Carl DiSalvo
Keyword(s):  
Social Contexts ◽  
Shared Knowledge ◽  
Mentoring Relationships ◽  
Critical Research ◽  
Group Activities ◽  
Critical Design ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technical Practice ◽  
Reflective Design ◽  
Research And Design

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Since the publication of Phil Agre’s [1] seminal work on critical technical practice, the sites of intersection between computation and society have multiplied, and so too have the sociotechnical borderlands we inhabit. Critical methodologies such as “critical design” [8,6,5], “reflective design” [3,4,7,9,15,12], “critical making” [11,6,7], “located accountability” [13, 14], “feminist HCI” [2], and “postcolonial computing” [10] have proliferated and are being taken up in increasingly diverse political, cultural and social contexts. As the sites of critical praxis have multiplied, new regimes like big data and social computing pose new challenges. Given the fluidity of the landscape it is important for us to articulate the specificities of our scholarly borderlands. By bringing together junior and senior scholars we aim to provide a forum for researchers in this area to learn from each other how to navigate changing terrains of technology research and design. To maximize in- depth collaboration between junior and senior scholars, we propose a format that includes in-depth mentoring sessions, panel presentations from junior and senior participants, group activities, and working sessions for steps forward. The goal of the proposed workshop is to foster cohesion and build mentoring relationships within the community by creating a space for open and honest dialogue about the challenges of conducting critical research and design practice. Outcomes from this workshop will be a shared knowledge base about praxis, tracing the trajectories, continuities, traversals and inheritances of critical sociotechnical research over the past decade, as well as strengthening of the critical technical practice community by way of establishing lasting mentorship relations. </span></p></div></div></div>

scholarly journals Reflections on sensing practice and power: A Response to Fleur Johns

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 196-199
Author(s):  
Anne Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Oil Paintings ◽  
High Commissioner ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
John Berger ◽  
Power And Agency

One of the great strengths of Fleur Johns’ approach is her conceptual starting point: that sensing and knowing are intimately connected but distinct, and that therefore “sensing practice … encompasses those ways of knowing, or claims to knowledge, that are mobilized in the course of perception.” To borrow John Berger’s phrase, sensing practice is a “way of seeing” and whether we are viewing European oil paintings or the human-readable rendering of an algorithmic reading of data from a satellite, it is only possible to fully understand this process by recognizing that “sights” cannot be understood separately from society. Johns’ exploration of the questions of power and agency that are posed by an investigation into the implications of adopting new sensing technologies by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is important and timely because it opens up a wider discussion about the role played by Machine Learning (ML) in a wide range of social contexts, prompting us to ask about the social relations through which the technology itself is produced and used.

ICTs for Enhanced Use of Indigenous Medicinal Plants by the Ashante Speaking People of Ghana

2011 ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
Nana Adu-Pipim Boaduo ◽  
Nana Kwaku Kyei Boaduo
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
The World ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Being There ◽  
Indigenous Wisdom

Knowledge, over the centuries, has been recognised as power when acquired and used to resolve pertinent human problems. It helps to develop and advance communities in the environment they reside. Knowledgeable communities manage to elevate themselves from diseases and other catastrophes. It does not matter whether people are knowledgeable in the indigenous African ways or in the Western ways of knowing. What matters most is that the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values embedded in their social contexts are not only essential for their advancement and development, they are also critical for their survival. Knowledge acquisition through education enables communities to emancipate themselves from ignorance and poverty and raise themselves above all the challenges that may impinge negatively on their general and specific well-being. There is urgent need to gather together the indigenous wisdom of different ethnic groups around the world, especially the knowledge of indigenous medicinal plants and their uses for treatment and healing. This paper proposes to make a contribution in this respect by providing the basis of some of the IKS of the Akan ethnic group of Ghana, the Asantes, related to indigenous medicinal plants application for the treatment of a multiplicity of ailments. Recommendations regarding how this IKS can be preserved and commercialized through the application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to benefit the indigenous Asante speaking people of Ghana are provided.

scholarly journals Stress in V-section band clamps

2004 ◽  
Vol 218 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Shoghi ◽  
S M Barrans ◽  
H V Rao
Keyword(s):  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Beam Bending ◽  
Manufacturing Tolerances ◽  
Displacement Measurements

This paper presents an analysis of the stresses in V-section band clamps by examining the correlation between experimental work and theoretical models. Theoretical models incorporating traditional beam-bending theories and allowing for friction were developed to calculate the stress distribution and displacements within the clamps. The theoretical models demonstrated that the normal manufacturing tolerances associated with this type of component, combined with the uncontrolled operating parameters, will produce a wide variation in working stresses. These theoretical models were validated using strain and displacement measurements from a test with a V-section band clamp positioned around rigid flanges. The experimental results all fell within the range of stresses predicted by the theoretical models. The paper provides a knowledge base for the rational design of V-section band clamps.

Conservation and the maintenance of biodiversity in the rangelands

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Z. Woinarski ◽  
A. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Current Response ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Substantial Loss ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Clear Goal

There has been substantial loss of biodiversity in the Australian rangelands, and evidence suggests that the attrition is continuing. We argue that rangeland users should be more aware of, and concerned about, this problem: that we are sullying an international asset; that we are undermining the basis of a major rangeland industry, tourism; that we are sabotaging the potential for the development of alternative rangeland uses (most notably sustainable use of native wildlife); that such losses provide evidence that we are poor managers; that such losses diminish our lives; that such losses indicate that at least some of our environments are operating at reduced functionality; and that such losses take away or reduce important and wide-ranging environmental services. This loss is due to a complex array of factors, each affecting different components of biodiversity in different ways. Our responses are generally poorly coordinated across rangeland jurisdictions, and there is uncertainty about responsibilities across different land tenures. Given the diffuse but pervasive nature of the problem and the generally poorly coordinated and non-strategic current response, we suggest that biodiversity conservation needs to be far more clearly and systematically operationalised, that a clear goal for biodiversity conservation in the rangelands (maintenance of viable populations of all native species of plants and animals at appropriate spatial and temporal scales) needs to be developed, and that, from this, the community needs to set explicit targets relating to this goal, at continental, jurisdiction, regional and property scales. While we recognise that our existing knowledge base is imperfect, such limitation should not delay the implementation of these steps. We consider that there is sufficient management expertise to realise a rangeland biodiversity goal. However, there are two more serious impediments in achieving the goal: current lack of resources and of societal agreement.

Finding ourselves as Black women in Eurocentric theory: collaborative biography on learning and reshaping qualitative inquiry

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiara S. Summerville ◽  
Erica T. Campbell ◽  
Krystal Flantroy ◽  
Ashley Nicole Prowell ◽  
Stephanie Anne Shelton
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Collaborative Writing ◽  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
Qualitative Inquiry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Collective Narratives ◽  
Women Scholars ◽  
Collective Biography ◽  
Women Philosophers

PurposeQualitative research consistently centers Eurocentrism through courses' integrations of ontological, epistemological and axiological perspectives. This literal whitewashing was a source of great frustration and confusion for the authors, four Black women, who found their identities omitted and disregarded in qualitative inquiry. Using Collins' outsider-within concept and collective narratives to center their experiences, the authors seek through their writing to actively repurpose and re-engage with qualitative scholarship that generally seeks to exclude Black women.Design/methodology/approachTheoretically informed by Collins' outsider-within concept, the authors use Deleuze and Parnet's collective biography to tell the stories of four Black doctoral students negotiating race, gender, class and intellectual identity, while critiquing Eurocentric theory, through coursework. The collaborative writing process provided shared space for the engagement of individual thoughts and experiences with(in) others' narratives.FindingsBlack women can interpret qualitative inquiry outside of the Eurocentric norm, and qualitative courses can provide spaces for them to do so by repositioning Black women philosophers as central to understanding qualitative inquiry.Originality/valueThrough collective biography (Deleuze and Parnet, 2007), this paper centers the voices of four Black women scholars who use a creative writing approach to think with/through theory as Black women (Jackson and Mazzei, 2012). The paper offers new discussions of and ways in which qualitative researchers might decolonize Eurocentric ways of knowing in qualitative inquiry and qualitative pedagogy from students' perspectives.

scholarly journals Study on the isoprene-producing co-culture system of Synechococcus elongatus- Escherichia coli through omics analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Liu ◽  
Yujin Cao ◽  
Jing Guo ◽  
Xin Xu ◽  
Qi Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Continuous Fermentation ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Synechococcus Elongatus ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Omics Analysis

Abstract Background: The majority of microbial fermentations are currently performed in the batch or fed-batch manner with the high process complexity, huge water consumption and so on. The continuous microbial production can contribute to the green sustainable development of the fermentation industry. The co-culture systems of photo-autotrophic and heterotrophic species can play important roles in establishing the continuous fermentation mode for the bio-based chemicals production. Results: In the present paper, the co-culture system of Synechococcus elongatus- Escherichia coli was established and put into operation stably for isoprene production. Compared with the axenic culture, the fermentation period of time was extended from 100h to 400h in the co-culture and the isoprene production was increased to 8-fold. For in depth understanding this novel system, the differential omics profiles were analyzed. The responses of BL21(DE3) to S. elongatus PCC 7942 were triggered by the oxidative pressure through the Fenton reaction and all these changes were linked with one another at different spatial and temporal scales. The oxidative stress mitigation pathways might contribute to the long-lasting fermentation process. The performance of this co-culture system can be further improved according to the fundamental rules discovered by the omics analysis. Conclusions: The isoprene-producing co-culture system of S. elongatus- E. coli was established and then analyzed by the omics methods. This study on the co-culture system of the model S. elongatus- E. coli is of significance to reveal the common interactions between photo-autotrophic and heterotrophic species without natural symbiotic relation, which could provide the scientific basis for rational design of microbial community.

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