scholarly journals An AI-based Analysis of the effect of COVID-19 Stringency Index on Infection rates: A case of India

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-102
Author(s):  
Krishna Prasad K. ◽  
P. S. Aithal ◽  
Geetha Poornima K. ◽  
Vinayachandra
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Health Index ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Response Index ◽  
Government Response ◽  
Original Dataset ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has already been felt worldwide, disrupting the unremarkable life of individuals. Social consequences and viral transmission are challenges that must be resolved to effectively overcome the problems that occur throughout this pandemic. The COVID-19 infection data about India were represented using different statistical models. In this paper, the authors focus on the data collected between 1st January 2020 and 12th April 2021, try analyzing the different indexes related to India, and predict the number of infected people in the near future. Based on the infection rate, it is possible to classify a country as “fixed,” “evolving” and “exponential.” Based on the prediction, some recommendations are proposed to contain the outbreak of the disease. This will also help the government and policymakers to identify and analyze various risks associated with 'opening up' and 'shutting down' in response to the outbreak of the disease. With the help of these models, it is possible to predict the number of cases in the near future. Methodology: COVID-19 Stringency Index, Government Response Index, and Containment Health Index calculated, published, and updated real-time by a research group from Oxford University (https://www.bsg.ox.ac.uk/research/research-projects/covid-19-government-response-tracker) on 21 mitigation and suppression measures employed by different countries were analyzed using a few mathematical models to find the relationship between Stringency Index and infection rates and forecast trends. A new model was proposed after analyzing a few mathematical models proposed by the researchers. Data analytics was also conducted using AI-based data analytics tools available online. The dataset was kept updated until the date April 20, 2021, was downloaded for this purpose. The appropriate values were extracted from the original dataset and used to construct a sub-dataset, which was then used for the analytics. An AI-based online Data Analytics tool provided by datapine was used to forecast trends. Findings/Result: It was observed that in India, as in other countries, there is a close association between Stringency Level and COVID-19 cases. The higher the degree of stringency, the lower the cases, and vice versa. The same can be said about the government's role and degree of containment & health. Originality: In this paper, we analyzed various mathematical models for predicting the total number of COVID-19 cases and deaths due to COVID-19 in India. We also examined the relationship between total cases and the Government's Response Index, Containment & Health Index, and Stringency Index indicators. The model we proposed to predict COVID-19 cases on a day-by-day basis had a 98 percent accuracy rate and a 2% error rate. Paper Type: Analytical. With prerecorded datasets obtained from online resources, and data analysis was conducted using mathematical models and AI-based analytical tools.

scholarly journals Restauración paisajística de Cantera Rosales. Hellín (Albacete, España)

REVISTARQUIS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Durán Fernández ◽  
Daniel Moreno Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Mining Activity ◽  
Land Art ◽  
Innovative Design ◽  
Ornamental Stone ◽  
Geometric Reconstruction ◽  
Man And Nature ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Relationship

ResumenEl texto describe y dibuja una estrategia de recuperación ecológica de una explotación minera de piedra ornamental en activo, situada en el entorno del parque arqueológico del Tolmo de Minateda, en el Término municipal de Hellín (Albacete, España). En el año 2015, la empresa Areniscas Rosal, propietaria de los derechos de explotación de dicha cantera, encargó a la oficina de Arquitectura y Urbanismo SSS (Spanish Studio of Space) un Plan de Restauración para establecer las directrices básicas de una recuperación paisajística que revierta el impacto de la actividad extractiva en un futuro próximo. El proyecto, fundamentado en la filosofía del Land Art, es una reconstrucción geométrica del terreno por medio de la reutilización de los sobrantes de la propia actividad, para así crear un paisaje totalmente nuevo y contemporáneo. El reciclaje, la re-vegetación y una solución proyectual innovadora fundamentan las directrices de esta intervención paisajística y territorial. Las posibilidades de reutilización y disfrute de este nuevo entorno natural podrán ser variadas y enriquecedoras y solo dependerán de una gestión sensible y respetuosa de la relación del hombre con la naturaleza. AbstractThe former document describes and draws a strategy of ecological recovery of an ornamental stone mine in active, located in the archaeological park environment of Tolmo de Minateda in the municipality of Hellín (Albacete, Spain). Back in 2015, the company Rosal Sandstones, which owns the rights to exploit the quarry, commissioned the Office of Architecture and Urbanism SSS (Spanish Studio of Space) a Restoration Plan in order to establish the basic guidelines for a landscape recovery to revert the impact of mining activity in the near future. The project, based on the philosophy of Land Art, is a geometric reconstruction of the ground by means of reusing the leftovers of the activity itself, to thereby create a totally new and contemporary landscape. Recycling, re-vegetation and innovative design methodology solutions substantiate the guidelines of this landscape and territorial intervention. The possibilities for reusability and enjoyment of this new natural environment can be diverse and enriching and, only depend on a sensitive and respectful management of the relationship between man and nature.

scholarly journals Impact of vaccine hesitancy on secondary COVID-19 outbreaks in the US

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso de Miguel Arribas ◽  
Alberto Aleta ◽  
Yamir Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Us ◽  
Vaccination Acceptance ◽  
Model Set ◽  
Important Amount ◽  
Age Structured ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Near Future

The COVID-19 outbreak has become the worst pandemic in at least a century. To fight this disease, a global effort led to the development of several vaccines at an unprecedented rate. There have been, however, several logistic issues with its deployment, from their production and transport, to the hesitancy of the population to be vaccinated. For different reasons, an important amount of individuals is reluctant to get the vaccine, something that hinders our ability to control and - eventually - eradicate the disease. In this work, we analyze the impact that this hesitancy might have in a context in which a more transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern spreads through a partially vaccinated population. We use age-stratified data from surveys on vaccination acceptance, together with age-contact matrices to inform an age-structured SIR model set in the US. Our results clearly show that higher vaccine hesitancy ratios led to larger outbreaks. A closer inspection of the stratified infection rates also reveals the important role played by the youngest groups. Our results could shed some light on the role that hesitancy will play in the near future and inform policy-makers and the general public of the importance of reducing it.

scholarly journals Early social distancing policies in Europe, changes in mobility & COVID-19 case trajectories: Insights from Spring 2020

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253071
Author(s):  
Liana R. Woskie ◽  
Jonathan Hennessy ◽  
Valeria Espinosa ◽  
Thomas C. Tsai ◽  
Swapnil Vispute ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Government Response ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Aggregate Population ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
At Home

Background Social distancing have been widely used to mitigate community spread of SARS-CoV-2. We sought to quantify the impact of COVID-19 social distancing policies across 27 European counties in spring 2020 on population mobility and the subsequent trajectory of disease. Methods We obtained data on national social distancing policies from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker and aggregated and anonymized mobility data from Google. We used a pre-post comparison and two linear mixed-effects models to first assess the relationship between implementation of national policies and observed changes in mobility, and then to assess the relationship between changes in mobility and rates of COVID-19 infections in subsequent weeks. Results Compared to a pre-COVID baseline, Spain saw the largest decrease in aggregate population mobility (~70%), as measured by the time spent away from residence, while Sweden saw the smallest decrease (~20%). The largest declines in mobility were associated with mandatory stay-at-home orders, followed by mandatory workplace closures, school closures, and non-mandatory workplace closures. While mandatory shelter-in-place orders were associated with 16.7% less mobility (95% CI: -23.7% to -9.7%), non-mandatory orders were only associated with an 8.4% decrease (95% CI: -14.9% to -1.8%). Large-gathering bans were associated with the smallest change in mobility compared with other policy types. Changes in mobility were in turn associated with changes in COVID-19 case growth. For example, a 10% decrease in time spent away from places of residence was associated with 11.8% (95% CI: 3.8%, 19.1%) fewer new COVID-19 cases. Discussion This comprehensive evaluation across Europe suggests that mandatory stay-at-home orders and workplace closures had the largest impacts on population mobility and subsequent COVID-19 cases at the onset of the pandemic. With a better understanding of policies’ relative performance, countries can more effectively invest in, and target, early nonpharmacological interventions.

Big data analytics in supply chain and logistics: an empirical approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 767-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciel Manoel Queiroz ◽  
Renato Telles
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to recognise the current state of big data analytics (BDA) on different organisational and supply chain management (SCM) levels in Brazilian firms. Specifically, the paper focuses on understanding BDA awareness in Brazilian firms and proposes a framework to analyse firms’ maturity in implementing BDA projects in logistics/SCM. Design/methodology/approach A survey on SCM levels of 1,000 firms was conducted via questionnaires. Of the 272 questionnaires received, 155 were considered valid, representing a 15.5 per cent response rate. Findings The knowledge of Brazilian firms regarding BDA, the difficulties and barriers to BDA project adoption, and the relationship between supply chain levels and BDA knowledge were identified. A framework was proposed for the adoption of BDA projects in SCM. Research limitations/implications This study does not offer external validity due to restrictions for the generalisation of the results even in the Brazilian context, which stems from the conducted sampling. Future studies should improve the comprehension in this research field and focus on the impact of big data on supply chains or networks in emerging world regions, such as Latin America. Practical implications This paper provides insights for practitioners to develop activities involving big data and SCM, and proposes functional and consistent guidance through the BDA-SCM triangle framework as an additional tool in the implementation of BDA projects in the SCM context. Originality/value This study is the first to analyse BDA on different organisational and SCM levels in emerging countries, offering instrumentalisation for BDA-SCM projects.

scholarly journals CAR-SHARING: THE IMPACT ON METROPOLITAN SPATIAL STRUCTURES

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 814-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Marek Smolnicki ◽  
Jacek Sołtys
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Car Ownership ◽  
Spatial Structures ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Car Sharing ◽  
The Past ◽  
General Mobility ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Relationship

Many examples from the past show how new technologies, designed to solve particular problems, can create new problems as a side-effect. Some unforeseen or unwanted results may influence the use of space and spatial structures, for example. Car-sharing is an invention that competes with car ownership and which can drastically rise the efficiency of car use and reduce the number of vehicles per users. Diffusion of car-sharing will accelerate in the near future. The spatial consequences of a car-ownership-oriented-century are already known. However, the complications of all travelers using shared automobiles is yet to be understood. It is therefore appropriate to anticipate and prepare for potential side effects of this innovation’s diffusion and thus avoid possible negative consequences. This reasoning has led to our research into the relationship between modern mobility innovations and metropolitan spatial structures. The earliest implementations of new transport technologies appeared in metropolises, which also have the highest level of general mobility. This article presents the assumptions and principles from scenario-based research. The example shows how diffusion of this innovation determine possible scenarios relating to future impacts of car-sharing on spatial structures.

scholarly journals Forecasting COVID-19 and Analyzing the Effect of Government Interventions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L Li ◽  
Hamza Tazi Bouardi ◽  
Omar Skali Lami ◽  
Thomas A Trikalinos ◽  
Nikolaos K Trichakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Mass Gathering ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Sample Median ◽  
Government Interventions ◽  
School Closings ◽  
Government Response ◽  
Out Of Sample ◽  
The Impact

One key question in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is understanding the impact of government interventions, and when society can return to normal. To this end, we develop DELPHI, a novel epidemiological model that captures the effect of under-detection and government intervention. We applied DELPHI across 167 geographical areas since early April, and recorded 6% and 11% two-week out-of-sample Median Absolute Percentage Error on cases and deaths respectively. Furthermore, DELPHI successfully predicted the large-scale epidemics in many areas months before, including US, UK and Russia. Using the extracted government response, we find mass gathering restrictions and school closings on average reduced infection rates the most, at 29.9 ± 6.9% and 17.3 ± 6.7%, respectively. The most stringent policy, stay-at-home, on average reduced the infection rate by 74.4 ± 3.7% from baseline across countries that implemented it. We also illustrate how DELPHI can be extended to provide insights on reopening societies under different policies.

scholarly journals Longevity Analysis by Comparing the Overall Metabolism and Life Routine Regularity for Two Periods via GH-Method: Math-Physical Medicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Gerald C Hsu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Physical Medicine ◽  
Lifestyle Management ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Death Cases ◽  
Metabolism Model

The author describes one of his hypothetical theories on the relationship between life longevity and overall metabolism, the macrosystem view, specifically the stress and daily life routine regularity, two micro-categories. He has spent ~25,000 h over 7.5 years (2010–2019) to conduct research on metabolism, endocrinology, and chronic diseases, specifically diabetes. These big data analytics is based on ~600,000 data over 2.5 years. His developed metabolism model has shed some light about the impact on his life longevity due to his overall metabolic changes, especially his stress level and life routine regularity. Having a strong lifestyle management leads into a good metabolic state, which then converts into a strong immunity to fight against three major disease categories, chronic diseases and complications (50% of death), cancers (29% of death), and infectious diseases (11% of death), with the remaining 10% of non-diseases related to death cases. This is a logical way to achieve longevity which is the core of geriatrics.

scholarly journals A Simulation Analyzing Approach to Estimating the Probability of Airborne Infection Risks in Railway Station Platform Coupling with the Wells-Riley Model and Pathfinder Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yi-Zheng Dai ◽  
Yan-Jiao Chen ◽  
Chen-Yang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Infection Risk ◽  
Parameter Setting ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Railway Station ◽  
Airborne Infection ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Potential Conditions

Railway station platforms present a particular challenge, especially during a train departure or arrival where some passengers may have potential conditions that make them vulnerable to airborne infections due to the high density and close proximity of passengers. This study presented a simulation analyzing approach to estimating the probability of airborne infection risks in station platform spaces coupling with the Wells-Riley model and Pathfinder model. We examine the impact of overcrowded area of the station platform on infection rates under various traces of evacuation. The result of the potential risk for three modes is discussed, and the results of the standard model under the same parameter setting are optimised. Next, the impact of the ventilated volume based on uneven distribution of individuals and the exposure time based on evacuation on the infection risk in platform spaces are studied. The relationship between platform spaces overcrowding and the infection risk provided further insights to observe the supporting information.

Accent Policy and Accent Modification Enterprises as Potential Indicators of Intercultural Power Relations: A Call for an Updated Research Agenda

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynne D. Ovalle ◽  
Rahul Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article has two purposes: (a) to examine the relationship between intercultural power relations and the widespread practice of accent discrimination and (b) to underscore the ramifications of accent discrimination both for the individual and for global society as a whole. First, authors review social theory regarding language and group identity construction, and then go on to integrate more current studies linking accent bias to sociocultural variables. Authors discuss three examples of intercultural accent discrimination in order to illustrate how this link manifests itself in the broader context of international relations (i.e., how accent discrimination is generated in situations of unequal power) and, using a review of current research, assess the consequences of accent discrimination for the individual. Finally, the article highlights the impact that linguistic discrimination is having on linguistic diversity globally, partially using data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and partially by offering a potential context for interpreting the emergence of practices that seek to reduce or modify speaker accents.

Business: Making Cents of Coding Systems: Billing for Professional Services

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Dee Adams Nikjeh
Keyword(s):  
Professional Services ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Coding Systems ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Program Funding ◽  
Fee Schedule ◽  
Procedure Codes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Administrators and supervisors face daily challenges over issues such as program funding, service fees, correct coding procedures, and the ever-changing healthcare regulations. Receiving equitable reimbursement for speech-language pathology and audiology services necessitates an understanding of federal coding and reimbursement systems. This tutorial provides information pertaining to two major healthcare coding systems and explains the relationship of these systems to clinical documentation, the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule and equitable reimbursement. An explanation of coding edits and coding modifiers is provided for use in those occasional atypical situations when the standard use of procedural coding may not be appropriate. Also included in this tutorial is a brief discussion of the impact that the Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act of 2008 (HR 6331 Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act [MIPPA], 2008) has had on the valuation of speech-language pathology procedure codes.

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