A Simulation Analyzing Approach to Estimating the Probability of Airborne Infection Risks in Railway Station Platform Coupling with the Wells-Riley Model and Pathfinder Model

Railway station platforms present a particular challenge, especially during a train departure or arrival where some passengers may have potential conditions that make them vulnerable to airborne infections due to the high density and close proximity of passengers. This study presented a simulation analyzing approach to estimating the probability of airborne infection risks in station platform spaces coupling with the Wells-Riley model and Pathfinder model. We examine the impact of overcrowded area of the station platform on infection rates under various traces of evacuation. The result of the potential risk for three modes is discussed, and the results of the standard model under the same parameter setting are optimised. Next, the impact of the ventilated volume based on uneven distribution of individuals and the exposure time based on evacuation on the infection risk in platform spaces are studied. The relationship between platform spaces overcrowding and the infection risk provided further insights to observe the supporting information.

Thermal And Kinetic Study of Electrochemical Deposition of Lead On FTO Substrate

We report the electrochemical deposition of lead (Pb) onto fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) electrodes in a sodium nitrate bath (0.4M NaNO3) at constant potential conditions. The kinetics electrodeposition processes have been in situ monitored for advanced nucleation stages by chronoamperometry for various temperature at fixed concentration of Pb2+, that is 0.1M. The microstructure and morphological characteristics of the deposit layers were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-Ray EDX techniques. The results show that the current density as well as the deposits density strongly depend on the temperature. The correlation between the experimental results and the theoretical process of the lead deposits was discussed and verified.

Voltage cycling process for the electroconversion of biomass-derived polyols

Electrification of chemical reactions is crucial to fundamentally transform our society that is still heavily dependent on fossil resources and unsustainable practices. In addition, electrochemistry-based approaches offer a unique way of catalyzing reactions by the fast and continuous alteration of applied potentials, unlike traditional thermal processes. Here, we show how the continuous cyclic application of electrode potential allows Pt nanoparticles to electrooxidize biomass-derived polyols with turnover frequency improved by orders of magnitude compared with the usual rates at fixed potential conditions. Moreover, secondary alcohol oxidation is enhanced, with a ketoses-to-aldoses ratio increased up to sixfold. The idea has been translated into the construction of a symmetric single-compartment system in a two-electrode configuration. Its operation via voltage cycling demonstrates high-rate sorbitol electrolysis with the formation of H2 as a desired coproduct at operating voltages below 1.4 V. The devised method presents a potential approach to using renewable electricity to drive chemical processes.

Investigation of a non-linear complementary relationship model for monthly evapotranspiration estimation at global flux sites

Proper parameterization of the parameter (αe) that governs the wet environment evaporation is critical for the regional estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) using the generalized complementary relationship (GCR) model. Here, we proposed a global parameterization for the GCR model. We found that the GCR model is sensitive to the parameter αe, which varies spatially with the climate aridity index (AI, the ratio between the apparent potential ET and the precipitation) across 60 sites that span a large variety in climate types worldwide. We found that αe and the AI are generally more strongly correlated in drier climates (AI > 2) where water supply instead of energy supply is the limiting factor for actual ET. The strong correlation between αe and AI can be partly explained by 1) the usage of the air temperature measurements in the non-potential conditions instead of potential conditions, and 2) the insensitivity of the actual ET to the apparent potential ET in the drier climate. Temporally, the parameter αe exhibits seasonal courses at monthly scales and decreases with increasing of vapor pressure deficit (VPD) in a hysteresis loop. Incorporation of the seasonal course and hysteresis significantly improved the model performances at most of the sites. The global parameterization we established can help the GCR model to be a more useful tool for regional and global ET estimations.

Electrochemically Catalyzed N–N Coupling and Ring Cleavage Reaction of 1H-Pyrazoles

The electrocatalyzed N–N coupling and ring cleavage reaction of 3-methyl-, 3,5-dimethyl-, 3-methyl-5-phenyl- and 3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole was investigated and led to the electro-organic synthesis of new heterocyclic compounds. The results revealed that electrochemically produced 1H-pyrazoleox plays the role of acceptor in a reaction with the starting molecule via a N–N coupling and ring cleavage reaction of pyrazoles. The proposed reaction sequence consists of anodic oxidation, dimerization, rearrangement and reduction. The electrochemically catalyzed reactions were accomplished under constant-current and constant-potential conditions using an undivided electrochemical cell with the advantages of mild reaction conditions, remarkable yields and environmental compatibility.

Neonatal heel prick screening TSH concentration in the Netherlands as indicator of iodine status

Background Neonatal Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (nTSH) is proposed as indicator of iodine deficiency in a population. Population’s iodine sufficiency is indicated by a proportion of the newborns less than 3% having nTSH above 5 mIU/L. The aim of this study was to explore the Dutch neonatal heel prick screening TSH data to assess iodine status in the Netherlands and identify determinants and potential confounders of this assessment. Methods All newborns born in the Netherlands between 2007 and 2015 with a heel prick collection at day 3-7 were included (n = 1,435,600), except preterm neonates and baby’s with a low birth weight. Total T4 was measured for all children, nTSH was measured in the ~ 20% children with lowest total T4. Results The proportion with nTSH > 5mIU/L fluctuated between 0.6-1.3% in 2007-2015. nTSH was significantly associated with laboratory performing the nTSH assay and age of heel prick sampling. The overall increasing trend in proportion nTSH >1mIU/L was confounded by the laboratories with different and changed assays. Conclusions The low proportion neonates with high nTSH suggests a sufficient iodine status in the Netherlands. Whether the increased proportion nTSH>1mIU/L over the years is an early indicator of deterioration of the iodine status remains unclear, due to differences and changes in analytical assays. nTSH might be a valuable and inexpensive way to get crude insight in the (trend in) iodine status, but more research is needed on the validity and potential conditions.

The Products of Bone Resorption and Their Roles in Metabolism: Lessons from the Study of Burns

Surprisingly little is known about the factors released from bone during resorption and the metabolic roles they play. This paper describes what we have learned about factors released from bone, mainly through the study of burn injuries, and what roles they play in post-burn metabolism. From these studies, we know that calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium, along with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, are released from bone following resorption. Additionally, studies in mice from Karsenty’s laboratory have indicated that undercarboxylated osteocalcin is also released from bone during resorption. Questions arising from these observations are discussed as well as a variety of potential conditions in which release of these factors could play a significant role in the pathophysiology of the conditions. Therapeutic implications of understanding the metabolic roles of these and as yet other unidentified factors are also raised. While much remains unknown, that which has been observed provides a glimpse of the potential importance of this area of study.

PARENTING TRAINING ANAK USIA DINI DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 BAGI KADER POSYANDU KECAMATAN JATINANGOR KABUPATEN SUMEDANG

ABSTRAK Pengasuhan anak merupakan hal yang menantang untuk dilakukan pada saat keadaan normal, terlebih di masa-masa pandemi covid-19 seperti sekarang ini, sehingga penting bagi orang tua untuk mengambil langkah-langkah terbaik dengan meningkatkan kapasitas mereka dalam membantu diri, anak dan seluruh anggota keluarga untuk menjalani dan melalui situasi pandemi covid-19. Kegiatan parenting training yang dilaksanakan menggunakan metodologi andragogy yaitu dengan menempatkan dan memperlakukan para peserta pelatihan sebagai orang dewasa yang sudah memiliki pengetahuan sebelumnya dan kaya akan pengalaman dalam hal pengasuhan, sehingga para peserta pelatihan merupakan sumber belajar bagi sesama peserta pelatihan lainnya. Hasil yang diperoleh dengan dilaksanakannya parenting training bagi para kader posyandu di lingkungan Kecamatan Jatinangor Kabupaten Sumedang ini adalah (1). tergambarkannya kondisi potensi dan masalah yang dihadapi oleh anak usia dini; (2). dipahami oleh para kader posyandu pentingnya pengasuhan yang dilakukan oleh orang tua atau pengganti orang tua bagi tumbuh kembang anak usia dini; dan (3). tergambarkan kondisi kesehatan anak usia dini di masa pandemi covid-19 di lingkungan Kecamatan Jatinangor. ABSTRACT Parenting is a challenging thing to do in normal situation, especially in times of the Covid-19 pandemic like today, so it is important for parents to take the best steps by increasing their capacity to help themselves, their children and all family members to live and get through the covid-19 pandemic situation. Parenting training activities are carried out using the andragogy methodology, namely by placing and treating training participants as adults who already have prior knowledge and are rich in experience in parenting, so that training participants are a source of learning for other fellow trainees.The results obtained by the implementation of parenting training for posyandu cadres in Jatinangor District, Sumedang Regency are (1). description of the potential conditions and problems faced by early childhood; (2). Posyandu cadres understood the importance of parenting or substitute parents for early childhood development and development; and (3). described the health conditions of early childhood during the Covid-19 pandemic in Jatinangor District.

Metal oxide electrocatalyst support for carbon-free durable electrodes with excellent corrosion resistance at high potential conditions

Corrosion-resistive conductive titanium oxide exhibited remarkably higher durability than a carbon support during electrochemical catalytic reactions under high potential conditions.