scholarly journals COVID-19 AND REGIONALISM IN AFRICA: THE SOUTHERN AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY (SADC) RESPONSE

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-130
Author(s):  
Chilaka Chigozie ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Southern African Development Community ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Member States ◽  
African Development ◽  
Tourism Education ◽  
The Impact

This paper x-rayed COVID-19 and regionalism in Africa focusing on the response of the Sothern African Development Community (SADC). It tried to examine the trend of COVID-19 on the SADC sub-region; the impact of COVID-19 on the sub-region and responses by SADC member states. The paper notes that COVID-19 pandemic has had a deleterious effect on SADC member states with many lives lost and more still recovering from the virus. The pandemic no doubt has impacted considerably on economic activities such as tourism, education, aviation, and other major sectors of the region’s economy. It may be too early to know the full impact of COVID-19 on the SADC sub-region. To date the experience of member states are varied. While the SADC member states have responded well to the pandemic, member states should among others prioritize testing for persons exhibiting symptoms, including health workers and others who are in the line of the fight against COVID-19 and monitor ongoing services rendered by health workers in other to identify gaps to be filled.

scholarly journals Perceived Adverse Effects of Separating Government Institutions for Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation Within the Southern African Development Community Member States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livhuwani D. Nemakonde ◽  
Dewald Van Niekerk ◽  
Per Becker ◽  
Sizwile Khoza
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Southern African Development Community ◽  
Community Member ◽  
Member States ◽  
African Development ◽  
Government Institutions

Abstract Integration of disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation (CCA) is widely recognized as a solution for reducing the risk and impacts of disasters. However, successful integration seems elusive, and the two goals continue to function in isolation and in parallel. This article provides empirical insights into the perceived effects of separating government institutions for DRR and CCA within the Southern African Development Community member states. A mixed method research design was applied to the study. A total of 40 respondents from Botswana, Eswatini (until April 2018 Swaziland), Madagascar, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe participated in face-to-face interviews or an online survey. Five major effects of separating the organizations for DRR and CCA that impede efforts to reduce disaster risk coherently were identified: duplication of services, polarization of interventions, incoherent policies, competition for the same resources, and territorial contests. Given the continued fragmentation of institutions for DRR and CCA, highlighting these effects is important to emphasize the need for integrated approaches towards the reduction of disaster risk.

The Controversial Role of Litigation in the Struggle to Revive Individual Access to the Tribunal of the Southern African Development Community

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Erika de Wet
Keyword(s):  
Southern African Development Community ◽  
Advisory Opinion ◽  
Member States ◽  
High Court ◽  
African Development ◽  
The Third ◽  
First Category ◽  
African Charter

The article examines four categories of litigation that were undertaken in the wake of the suspension of the SADC Tribunal. The first category of proceedings concerned a claim and request for an advisory opinion under the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (African Charter); the second related to arbitration proceedings based on the SADC Protocol on Finance and Investment (FIP); the third focussed on proceedings regarding the potential unconstitutionality of a government’s participation in the suspension of the SADC Tribunal; while the fourth concerned conflicts between the SADC and employees before the Botswana High Court. In analysing these proceedings, the article assesses whether litigation thus far undertaken is likely to increase pressure on SADC member states to reinstate some form of individual complaints procedure before the SADC Tribunal.

scholarly journals A Critique of Contribution of Tourism to Jobs in Southern African Development Community (SADC): Implications for Post COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Southern African Development Community ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
African Development ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Tourism Enterprises ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
The Impact

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan province in China in December 2019 and its subsequent spread throughout the world brought the tourism industry to a standstill. Businesses closed down and large numbers of workers including those in the tourism industry lost their jobs. The Southern African Development Community (SADC) experienced similar challenges that occurred at the global level. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact that COVID-19 had on jobs in the tourism industry in the SADC region. The study employed a desk research approach. The study showed that the impact of COVID-19 on the tourism sector has set back the gains that the region had accumulated over the twenty three years of working together as one destination since the formation of the Regional Tourism Organization of Southern Africa (RETOSA) in 1997. A number of governments in the region responded by implementing measures that were aimed at cushioning tourism enterprises from the impact of the pandemic. All the subsectors of the tourism industry had to undertake a range of cost cutting measure to mitigate the impact of the pandemic the majority of which negatively affected employees in the sector. The study recommends that the public and private sector in the region closely work together to develop and implement policies and strategies that will create traveller confidence on the destination with regard to health and safety issues. It is further recommended that the governments of the region continue to assist business enterprises to enable them to be effective partners in the post COVID-19 programmes that each country will roll out. Keywords: COVID-19, Tourism, SADC, Jobs, Enterprises, Africa

The Short Happy Life of the SADC Tribunal: the Perils of Regional Integration in Southern Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Mwiza Jo Nkhata
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Southern African Development Community ◽  
Member States ◽  
African Development ◽  
Happy Life

AbstractUnder the Treaty Establishing the Southern African Development Community (the Treaty) one of the institutions of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) was the Southern African Development Community Tribunal (the Tribunal). The Tribunal was established as the sole judicial organ of SADC. The Tribunal was established as part of the reorganisation of regional integration efforts within Southern Africa. The global atmosphere prevailing at the time the Tribunal was established, together with the lofty statements in the SADC’s founding instruments, suggest that there was a regional commitment to the ideals of human rights, rule of law and democracy among SADC member States. The Tribunal’s life, however, was short-lived. This paper analyses the prospects and lessons for regional integration within the SADC region from the perspective of the disbanding of the Tribunal and attempts to decipher the implications of the disbanding for regional integration in Southern Africa.

scholarly journals Regional Economic Integration in the Southern African Development Community (SADC): Analysing the Dynamics and Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-346
Author(s):  
Johannes Muntschick
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Global South ◽  
Southern African Development Community ◽  
Regional Economic Integration ◽  
Institutional Performance ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
African Development ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

This article analyses the dynamics and performance of regional economic integration in the Southern African Development Community (SADC). It proposes an innovative theoretical approach to the analysis of regionalism that refers to cooperation theory and takes the impact of external actors explicitly into account. The motivation for this research stems from the observation of a new wave of regionalism in the Global South. Many of these new or reformed regional integration organisations (RIOs) comprise of developing countries, particularly in Africa. In contrast to expectations of most mainstream integration theories, new regionalisms in the Southern Hemisphere have come into existence and show considerable degrees of dynamics and institutional performance. However, there is evidence that regionalisms in the Global South are less stable than in the North and not always entirely under control of regional actors only. This puzzling observation, of which the SADC gives an example, has motivated research for this article. Its central aim is to explain the recent integration dynamics and performance of the organisation in its key policy area, namely the economy. By applying a situation-structural approach to analyse and explain the development of institutionalised regional integration, the author argues that patterns of strong and asymmetric interdependence between regional and extra-regional actors may have an ambivalent impact on the genuine structure of regional cooperation problems, institution-building and institutional performance. The article illustrates and explains this on the example of SADC’s key economic integration projects: the SADC Free Trade Area and the scheduled SADC Customs Union.

scholarly journals DISTRIBUTIVE TRADE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: EU28 EVIDENCE FOR THE PERIOD 2008-2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-506
Author(s):  
Svetlana Sokolov Mladenović ◽  
Igor Mladenović ◽  
Djordje Ćuzović
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Member States ◽  
Economic Growth Rate ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Trade Sector ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this paper is to appoint the causality between economic activity in the sector of distributive trade and the economic growth of 28 European Union nations. Specifically, it examines the impact of changes in turnover per employee in the distributive trade sector in EU member states on the tangible economic growth rate. The determination to adopt this approach stems from the fact that existing studies mainly explore indirect relationship between economic activities in distributive trade and economic development, with less focus on the direct impact of distributive trade on economic growth. The paper utilizes information for the period from 2008 to 2015. The research relies on multiple regression model, with the Hausman test its robustness. The results indicate that a hike in turnover per employee in the distributive trade sector by 10 euros per year in one EU member state increases its real economic growth rate by 0.15% in that same year. The significance of the made results is reflected in the fact that the survey takes into account the last economic crisis, and highlights negative effects of final consumption expenditure of general government % GDP on the tangible economic growth rate in EU member states.

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