scholarly journals Impact of the Effluents of Hyderabad City, Tando Muhammad Khan, and Matli on Phuleli Canal Water

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 5281-5287 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Mahessar ◽  
S. Qureshi ◽  
A. L. Qureshi ◽  
K. Ansari ◽  
G. H. Dars
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Command Area ◽  
Irrigation Canal ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Canal Water ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
The Impact

The demand and supply of safe water is a basic need. The consumption of clean water intensified with population growth and economic development which in turn cause degradation of available freshwater resources while creating huge volumes of wastewater, solid waste, and serious environmental problems. This paper presents the impact of disposing of domestic/industrial effluents into an irrigation canal. The subsequent contamination of the canal water becomes a public health risk. The non-perennial Phuleli canal with a discharge of 15,026 cusecs, takes in water from the left bank of Kotri Barrage, which is the last controlling hydraulic structure on the Indus River. This canal runs from the periphery of Hyderabad, Tando Muhammad Khan (TM Khan) and Matli cities and supplies water for domestic, agricultural, and industrial activities. The canal water is the only source of drinking water for millions of people because the groundwater in the command area of the canal is highly saline. The banks on both sides of the canal have encroached in cities’ areas. The huge volume of solid waste and municipal and industrial wastewater from these cities and from the occupied canal banks are dumped directly into the canal without any treatment. The collected samples’ were analyzed for pH, EC, TDS, Cl, SO4, HCO3, hardness, Na, K, Ca, and Mg. These results show higher than permissible limits as per NEQS and WHO. The Karl Pearson matrix correlation of parameters reveals strong relation among EC with TDS and CL with SO4, Mg with K and moderated relationship among the other parameters except for pH and DO. Water Quality Index (WQI) model indicates that the water quality of the canal is poor and unfit for drinking. Hence the consumption of canal water is a high potential health risk for locals.

scholarly journals Monitoring of Waterborne Pathogens in Surface Waters in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and the Potential Health Risk Associated with Exposure to Cryptosporidium and Giardia in These Waters

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 2069-2078 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Schets ◽  
J. H. van Wijnen ◽  
J. F. Schijven ◽  
H. Schoon ◽  
A. M. de Roda Husman
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Waterborne Pathogens ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Canal Water ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Bathing Water Directive ◽  
Bathing Water ◽  
Estimated Risk

ABSTRACT The water in the canals and some recreational lakes in Amsterdam is microbiologically contaminated through the discharge of raw sewage from houseboats, sewage effluent, and dog and bird feces. Exposure to these waters may have negative health effects. During two successive 1-year study periods, the water quality in two canals (2003 to 2004) and five recreational lakes (2004 to 2005) in Amsterdam was tested with regard to the presence of fecal indicators and waterborne pathogens. According to Bathing Water Directive 2006/7/EC, based on Escherichia coli and intestinal enterococcus counts, water quality in the canals was poor but was classified as excellent in the recreational lakes. Campylobacter, Salmonella, Cryptosporidium, and Giardia were detected in the canals, as was rotavirus, norovirus, and enterovirus RNA. Low numbers of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts were detected in the recreational lakes, despite compliance with European bathing water legislation. The estimated risk of infection with Cryptosporidium and Giardia per exposure event ranged from 0.0002 to 0.007% and 0.04 to 0.2%, respectively, for occupational divers professionally exposed to canal water. The estimated risk of infection at exposure to incidental peak concentrations of Cryptosporidium and Giardia may be up to 0.01% and 1%, respectively, for people who accidentally swallow larger volumes of the canal water than the divers. Low levels of viable waterborne pathogens, such as Cryptosporidium and Giardia, pose a possible health risk from occupational, accidental, and recreational exposure to surface waters in Amsterdam.

scholarly journals Impacts of Leachate Percolation on Ground Water Quality: A Case Study of Dhanbad City

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-174 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal ◽  
Ground Water Quality ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Impact

<div> <p>This paper presents an assessment of the impact of uncontrolled and unscientific disposal of MSW on ground water in Dhanbad city, India. In this study, ground water quality around municipal solid waste disposal sites was investigated. Ground water quality analysis was carried out on samples collected at various distances from two disposal sites. The study has revealed that the ground water quality near dumping sites does not conform to the drinking water quality standards as per IS:10500. The impacts of indiscriminate dumping activity on ground water appeared most clearly as high concentrations of total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, chlorides, chemical oxygen demand, and sulphates. High amount of metals like Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cd, Cu, Ni, Fe, Zn and Mn has also been detected in the groundwater samples near dumping area. Leachate characterization study also reveals high potential for groundwater contamination. Presence of feacal coliform contamination in groundwater samples indicates potential health risk for individuals exposed to this water.&nbsp;</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

Integrated approach to quality indices and health risk assessment of water in the Bahr Yusuf Canal, Fayoum, Egypt

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed E.M. Hassouna ◽  
Mohamed E. Goher ◽  
Seliem M. El-Sayed ◽  
Reda A.A.A. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Aquatic Toxicity ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Aquatic Life

Abstract The Bahr Yusuf Canal is the life artery of the Fayoum Province, which provides the province with two thirds of the freshwater quota from the Nile River. The present work was carried out to assess the suitability of water in the Bahr Yusuf Canal for various purposes and to assess the potential health risk associated with metal content. The results showed that the water quality of Bahr Yusuf was classified as poor and very poor for recreational use according to the Oregon WQI. On the other hand, the Aquatic Toxicity Index indicated the suitability of water for all fish species. The Canadian WQI and the Weighted Arithmetic WQI classified the canal water as good (WQI = 92), fair (WQI = 73) & marginal (WQI = 64) and excellent, poor to good & good to excellent for irrigation, drinking and aquatic life, respectively. Despite the significant contamination of water with heavy metals (as indicated by the Heavy Pollution Index, ranging from 104.44 to 206.32, from 16.81 to 38.48 and from 219.07 to 472.24 μg l−1), the Hazard Quotient (HQ) and the Hazard Index (HI) data indicate that water of Bahr Yusuf does not pose a human health risk through ingestion or dermal contact. In general, the study showed that water in the Bahr Yusuf Canal is characterized by different levels of pollution, which requires rapid and critical intervention by responsible authorities to prevent the discharge of different types of waste and further deterioration of the water quality during the lifetime of the channel and its subsequent rehabilitation.

scholarly journals The importance of domestic water quality management in the context of faecal–oral disease transmission

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Francis Trevett ◽  
Richard C. Carter ◽  
Sean F. Tyrrel
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Storage Container ◽  
Pathogen Load ◽  
Contaminated Drinking Water ◽  
Risk Of Disease

The deterioration of drinking water quality following its collection from a community well or standpipe and during storage in the home has been well documented. However, there is a view that post-supply contamination is of little public health consequence. This paper explores the potential health risk from consuming re-contaminated drinking water. A conceptual framework of principal factors that determine the pathogen load in household drinking water is proposed. Using this framework a series of hypotheses are developed in relation to the risk of disease transmission from re-contaminated drinking water and examined in the light of current literature and detailed field observation in rural Honduran communities. It is shown that considerable evidence of disease transmission from re-contaminated drinking water exists. In particular the type of storage container and hand contact with stored drinking water has been associated with increased incidence of diarrhoeal disease. There is also circumstantial evidence linking such factors as the sanitary conditions in the domestic environment, cultural norms and poverty with the pathogen load of household stored drinking water and hence the risk of disease transmission. In conclusion it is found that re-contaminated drinking water represents a significant health risk especially to infants, and also to those with secondary immunodeficiency.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS EFFLUIENT (CHROMIUM & NICKEL) RELEASED INTO ROMI RIVER, KADUNA STATE: A CASE STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 704-707
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mudassir Usman ◽  
Muhammad Nuruddeen Abdulkareem ◽  
Abdullahi Muhammad ◽  
Kabiru Hamza
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
World Health ◽  
Refinery Effluent ◽  
Iron Nickel ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Industrial effluents discharged into the river poses a serious threat to our environment; the research examines the impact of some heavy metals of Kaduna refinery effluent into the Romi River. It asserts the nature of effluent released into the water body and also the impact of effluent on water quality. However the important water quality became relatively slowly as early human could only judge water quality through the physical senses of sight, taste and smell, now a days there is an increase of contamination of natural water bodies by industrial effluents in developing and densely populated countries like Nigeria, because rivers are major means of waste disposal and especially effluents from industries nearby. The data used in this research were generated from direct field measurement of pH, Conductivity, and Turbidity, heavy metal profiles (Chromium & Nickel) from Kaduna Refinery Effluent. The mean concentrations of the metals; chromium, iron, nickel, and zinc with the standard deviation were found to be: < 0.01 ± 0.1 mg/kg, and 0.06 ± 0.1 mg/kg. This study has shown that the mean concentration of chromium and Nickel found to be lower than the World Health Organization (WHO) acceptable limits while the concentration values of nickel 0.06 ± 0.1 mg/kg and iron 0.06 ± 0.1 mg/kg as found to be higher than the WHO, acceptable limits of the metals) obtained at the effluent points and this implicate the industry adjacent to the area as one of the sources of heavy metals in the river.

scholarly journals Quality Analysis of Urea Plant Wastewater and its Impact on Surface Water Bodies

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 2699-2703
Author(s):  
A. N. Laghari ◽  
Z. A. Siyal ◽  
M. A. Soomro ◽  
D. K. Bangwar ◽  
A. J. Khokhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Canal Water ◽  
Heavy Load ◽  
Grab Sampling ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Physiochemical Parameters ◽  
Safe Limits ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

This study was conducted on the canal water that flows besides an urea manufacturing facility. The study focused to evaluate the impact of facility’s effluents. The canal water quality is being affected drastically due to heavy load of pollutants discharged. Samples were collected by grab sampling method, from various locations. These samples were analyzed regarding physiochemical parameters, i.e. temperature, pH, TDS, TSS, BOD5, COD, heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Cr, Mn) and NH3 content. The canal water quality deteriorates after receiving a substantial load of effluents discharged from urea fertilizer plant. The results compared with WHO and NEQS, showed that the effluent samples had alkaline nature with a high level of ammonia and BOD5 and are not safe for aquatic life and environment. It is therefore recommended that discharge of untreated effluents should be stopped, or allowed within safe limits.

scholarly journals Exploring health risk of people living near the Secondary Transfer Stations and Landfills in Dhaka

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Sara ◽  
R Alam ◽  
T Hasan ◽  
Z Quayyum ◽  
D Jerin
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
The People

Abstract Background Proper management of increasing solid waste is a major challenge for Dhaka city. Hence, the consequences on health are numerous and depend on the nature of the waste, individuals exposed, duration of exposure and availability of interventions for those exposed. This study seeks to identify the potential health risk associated with contamination from STSs and landfills in Dhaka city. Methods This study has adopted a multi-method approach that includes qualitative data collection and analysis of secondary spatial data. Thematic analysis was performed for analysing the qualitative data and. Spatial data were collected from the Survey of Bangladesh and analysed to show the spatial distribution of 68 STSs out of 81 STSs in Dhaka City. Results Qualitative study suggests that the leachate migration from the landfill and STSs make the surrounding environment worse and causes health sufferings to the people living near the STS or landfill along with the people directly working. Furthermore, findings from the spatial data reveal that, 12 STSs within 50-100 meters and 54 STSs within 100 meters radius of an education institute and round 75 STSs are also located within 100 meters radius of the health facilities. Numerous settlements and natural features are also located within 500 meters of buffer zone from the both landfills. Flies and mosquitoes are breeding at a greater pace in and around the landfills where high quantities of solid waste are being dumped. Again, waterlogging is very common due to the dumping of waste which in turn is causing the spread of dengue and other water borne diseases in the surrounding area. Conclusions Poor management and incautious allocation of the STSs and landfills have adverse effects on the people's health residing nearby. Managing waste in the landfill and STS with a proper manner, and engaging more manpower with adequate safety equipment could be a great help to reduce the health sufferings of the people living nearby. Key messages Improper solid waste management practice effects on the health of people residing near the STSs and landfills. To manage the waste of the STSs and landfills in an efficient way and not cause daily nuisance to the nearby residents.

scholarly journals Impact of Encroachment and Hyderabad City Effluents on Pinyari Canal

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 5784-5789
Author(s):  
A. A. Mahessar ◽  
K. Ansari ◽  
A. L. Qureshi ◽  
K. C. Mukwana ◽  
A. A. Pathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Quality Issue ◽  
Drinking Purposes ◽  
Growth Changes ◽  
The Impact

Pinyari canal off-takes from the left bank of Kotri barrage with a design discharge of 13,636 cusecs which passes through the ridge of Hyderabad city along with New Fuleli Canal and Akram Wah on its left side. Its water is used for irrigation, agriculture, industrial, domestic, and drinking purposes in Hyderabad and Sajawal districts in Sindh. This canal is non-perennial. Water is being released with low discharge only for drinking purposes during the dry season and with full supply in the wet season. The global water quality issue reflects the major impact of socioeconomic development and population growth changes on freshwater resources including canals and rivers. This paper presents the impact of untreated wastewater disposal to the canal. The practice of disposing of untreated effluents has created serious health and environmental problems for the locals. The statistical and geospatial tool GIS has been used for the assessment of water quality with visualization of wastewater behavior in the canal. The results of the statistical analysis showed that pH was within the permissible limits but Electric Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Sodium (Na), and Hardness exceed them. The Water Quality Index of the samples rated from very poor to unsuitable for drinking, hence, canal water is unfit for domestic use or drinking purposes.

scholarly journals A Review on pH, DO and BOD of the Sitalakhya River during Last Four Decades

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-42
Author(s):  
Monjur Morshed ◽  
Muzaffer Hosen ◽  
Md. Asaduzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
River Water Quality ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Oil Spillage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Day By Day

As a developing country, industrialization is rapidly growing up in Bangladesh. Most of the cases, the industrialization process don’t considering any impact on environmental body. In this study, the impact of unplanned industrialization on the surface water is the main focus. In between several resources, the water quality of the Sitalakhya River is our study area. Quality of the Sitalakhya River water is getting polluted day by day through industrial effluents and household wastewater, lube oil and oil spillage around the operation of river ports. The Sitalakhya river water quality analysis is considered between 1975 to 2018, qualitative and quantitative results for pH, DO and BOD were analyzed and also trends of these parameters were also analyzed. Day by day river water quality going far away from EQS value, which is significantly harmful to flora fauna. In this circumstance, industrial effluent and other environmental impacts from unplanned industrialization is main goal of this study. This study shows, how unplanned industrialization can damage an environmental system which is very harmful to our entire ecological cycle. If cannot control this unplanned industrialization, water body will damage and all related ecosystem will be effected.

scholarly journals LA35 Poultry Fecal Marker Persistence Is Correlated with That of Indicators and Pathogens in Environmental Waters

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (14) ◽  
pp. 4616-4625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bina Nayak ◽  
Jennifer Weidhaas ◽  
Valerie J. Harwood
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Gene Marker ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTDisposal of fecally contaminated poultry litter by land application can deliver pathogens and fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) into receiving waters via runoff. While water quality is regulated by FIB enumeration, FIB testing provides inadequate information about contamination source and health risk. This microbial source tracking (MST) study compared the persistence of theBrevibacteriumsp. strain LA35 16S rRNA gene (marker) for poultry litter with that of pathogens and FIB under outdoor, environmentally relevant conditions in freshwater, marine water, and sediments over 7 days.Salmonella enterica,Campylobacter jejuni,Campylobacter coli,Bacteroidales, and LA35 were enumerated by quantitative PCR (qPCR), andEnterococcusspp. andE. coliwere quantified by culture and qPCR. Unlike the other bacteria,C. jejuniwas not detectable after 48 h. Bacterial levels in the water column consistently declined over time and were highly correlated among species. Survival in sediments ranged from a slow decrease over time to growth, particularly in marine microcosms and forBacteroidales. S. entericaalso grew in marine sediments. Linear decay rates in water (k) ranged from −0.17 day−1for LA35 to −3.12 day−1forC. coli. LA35 levels correlated well with those of other bacteria in the water column but not in sediments. These observations suggest that, particularly in the water column, the fate of LA35 in aquatic environments is similar to that of FIB,C. coli, andSalmonella, supporting the hypothesis that the LA35 marker gene can be a useful tool for evaluating the impact of poultry litter on water quality and human health risk.

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