scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS EFFLUIENT (CHROMIUM & NICKEL) RELEASED INTO ROMI RIVER, KADUNA STATE: A CASE STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 704-707
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mudassir Usman ◽  
Muhammad Nuruddeen Abdulkareem ◽  
Abdullahi Muhammad ◽  
Kabiru Hamza
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
World Health ◽  
Refinery Effluent ◽  
Iron Nickel ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Industrial effluents discharged into the river poses a serious threat to our environment; the research examines the impact of some heavy metals of Kaduna refinery effluent into the Romi River. It asserts the nature of effluent released into the water body and also the impact of effluent on water quality. However the important water quality became relatively slowly as early human could only judge water quality through the physical senses of sight, taste and smell, now a days there is an increase of contamination of natural water bodies by industrial effluents in developing and densely populated countries like Nigeria, because rivers are major means of waste disposal and especially effluents from industries nearby. The data used in this research were generated from direct field measurement of pH, Conductivity, and Turbidity, heavy metal profiles (Chromium & Nickel) from Kaduna Refinery Effluent. The mean concentrations of the metals; chromium, iron, nickel, and zinc with the standard deviation were found to be: < 0.01 ± 0.1 mg/kg, and 0.06 ± 0.1 mg/kg. This study has shown that the mean concentration of chromium and Nickel found to be lower than the World Health Organization (WHO) acceptable limits while the concentration values of nickel 0.06 ± 0.1 mg/kg and iron 0.06 ± 0.1 mg/kg as found to be higher than the WHO, acceptable limits of the metals) obtained at the effluent points and this implicate the industry adjacent to the area as one of the sources of heavy metals in the river.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on Tourism: A Case Study of Lumbini, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-43
Author(s):  
Bhim Bahadur Kunwar
Keyword(s):  
Tourism Industry ◽  
World Health ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Tourism ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

This research aims to discover and present the impacts of COVID-19 in tourism in the context of Lumbini and its premises. As COVID-19 spread globally, it has created many challenges in health and security, daily lives, the national economy, and the global tourism industry. The COVID-19 outbreak has been considered as the most challenging tragedy that occurred in the world after the 2nd world war. The World Health Organization (WHO) had listed Nepal also as a country with a high-risk zone of COVID-19.The travel restriction and nationwide lock-down implemented by many countries including Nepal have resulted in a stranded traveler’s movement. As the consequences ticket reservation, flight services, transportation, hotel, and restaurants were closed and several job losses were registered in the tourism sector. The negative effects like fear, threat, frustration, and losing the confidence of tourism entrepreneurs appeared. This has brought changes in the tourists’ behavior and their motivation to travel for the next few years. In Lumbini businesses like lodges, hotels, restaurants, and travel offices were also severely affected by the pandemic. Thus, the tourism sector has been facing serious threats due to the prolonged lockdown and closing of tourism activities than the terror of COVID-19 itself.

scholarly journals A Study on the Pollution Status of Akata Lake Sediments, Katsina-Ala Benue State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Yebpella G.G ◽  
Magomya A.M ◽  
Hikon B.N ◽  
Joshua Y ◽  
Gani J
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
World Health ◽  
Pollution Status ◽  
Accumulation Index ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Air Intake ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Geo Accumulation Index

Heavy metals accumulation in biological system are by inhalation of contaminated air, intake of contaminated food or drinking water has been considered to be an ecological menace to man and other organisms. This study was carried out to ascertain the pollution status of Cr, Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd in sediment of Akata Lake, Katsina- Ala Benue State, Nigeria. Sediment samples were collected, digested using 30% H2O2 followed by 0.5M HCl and the metal concentrations were determined with Varian AA240 Atomic absorption spectrophotometer equipped with Zeeman’s background correction (Varian, New Jersey, USA). The mean level of the heavy metals, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd and Cr are 31.05, 2.72, 19.22 and 0.88 mg/kg while the concentration of Cr was below the detection limit of the instrument. The values obtained were compared with the established soil and sediment standard by World Health Organization (WHO). The contamination factors value for Zn, Cu and Cd are <1 while that of Pb is >1, hence it shows that the sediment is polluted by lead. The pollution load index (PLI) and Geo-accumulation index (Igeo) levels for Cr, Zn, Cu, Cd heavy metals in sample A - E were less than 1 except for Pb which is >1, this show that, the sediment were polluted with Pb.

scholarly journals COVID-19: Implications for Food, Water, Hygiene, Sanitation, and Environmental Safety in Africa: A Case Study in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courage Kosi Setsoafia Saba
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Population Based ◽  
World Health ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Governments all over the world are currently grappling with the COVID-19 pandemic. While some countries were very hard hit, others were only mildly hit but all are still taking measures to mitigate the consequences. The virus emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China and spread to most continents by the beginning of March 2020, which led to the World Health Organization declaring it as a pandemic on the 11th of March 2020. Since it was a novel disease, there was limited information on the virus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) belongs to the same family as the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Researchers all over the world started working simultaneously to understand the virus to provide the necessary treatment regime or vaccine in order to reduce the impact of the virus on its victims. Africa and other developing countries with limited resources and poor planning and management are expected to be among the worst hit in the long run. The implications of the COVID-19 on food, water, hygiene, sanitation, and the environment in Africa have been reviewed in this paper, as well as possible implications they may pose to the population, based on the existing common practices and their immediate impacts. This information can assist policymakers in Africa to adequately plan the management of the COVID-19 in order to lessen its impact on the population.

scholarly journals Assessment of the impact of pit latrines on groundwater contamination in Hopley Settlement, Harare, Zimbabwe

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonse Tapera Ndoziya ◽  
Zvikomborero Hoko ◽  
Webster Gumindoga
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Contamination ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
World Health ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Pit Latrine ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Abstract A study was conducted to assess the water quality of the groundwater sources and possible impacts of pit latrines on the groundwater for selected boreholes and wells. The City of Harare's peri-urban settlement of Hopley predominantly uses pit latrines for excreta disposal. This puts groundwater at risk to contamination thereby threatening human health. Pit latrine density around groundwater points was assessed using a Geographical Information System (GIS). The pit latrine density ranged from 0 to 5 latrines in a 15 m radius to 3–63 latrines in a 100 m radius. From the analysis of the water samples, it was observed that on average, only 63% and 48% of samples met drinking water quality standards set by the World Health Organization guidelines and Standards Association of Zimbabwe limits. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that only three components had an eigenvalue of over 1 that explained 76.9% of the total cumulative variance of the observed variable. From the PCA, key parameters in groundwater contamination were nitrates, electrical conductivity, chlorides, ammonia, and thermotolerant coliforms. The spatial variation of the selected water quality parameters suggests that water points at the lowest end of the settlement had the poorest water quality. The point-of-use treatment is recommended for wells.

scholarly journals Bacteriological and Physicochemical Analysis of Groundwater of Kasur

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asad Abbas ◽  
Ijaz Hussain ◽  
Abdul Wahab ◽  
Aisha Shafique ◽  
Maryam Zaheer
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Basic Element ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Ear Infections ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Almost All

Earth is a blue planet because of the rudimentary cause of life, that is water. All the biochemical reactions which are pre-requisite for nourishing life of animals and plants, use water as a basic element. Being a universal solvent, it dissolves almost all minerals present in the soil. It is one of the basic and necessary compounds responsible for the survival of life. The main purpose of research was to determine the quality of groundwater in Kasur near the tanneries. The study is focused on the bacteriological and physicochemical (pH, Temperature, DO, BOD, CO2, TOSM, TDS, TM and heavy metals) parameters. We selected four sites as Din Garh, Qatal Garhi, Mangal Mandi and Kot Haleem Khan for investigation. Coliforms were present in high concentration that produce viruses and bacterial diseases such as typhoid fever, hepatitis, gastrocnemii, dysentery and ear infections. World Health Organization (WHO) has justified that the drinkable water must have zero level of coliform and E.coli. Regarding the Total Suspended Matter (TSM), the values ranged from 0.3-0.5g/l in DIN GHARH, 0.2-0.5g/l in QATAL GHARHI, 0.2-0.5g/l in MANGAL MANDI and 0.2-0.6g/l in KOT HALEEM KHAN. The study concludes that the water pollution due to tanneries in Kasur have changed the bacteriological and physicochemical properties of ground water to a considerable level which is not drinkable. It also conclude that groundwater was contaminated with high concentrations of BOD, TOSM, TDS, TM and Heavy metals due to discharge of industrial effluents.

scholarly journals Impact of lockdown on COVID-19 prevalence and mortality during 2020 pandemic: observational analysis of 27 countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sultan Ayoub Meo ◽  
Abdulelah Adnan Abukhalaf ◽  
Ali Abdullah Alomar ◽  
Faris Jamal AlMutairi ◽  
Adnan Mahmood Usmani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
World Health ◽  
Observational Analysis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background This study aimed to assess the impact of 15 days before, 15 days during, and 15 days after the lockdown on the trends in the prevalence and mortality in 27 countries during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Twenty-seven countries were randomly selected from the different continents. The information on the trends in the prevalence and mortality due to COVID-19 pandemic in 27 countries was obtained from World Health Organization and lockdown data were obtained from concerned countries and their ministries. The impact of lockdown for 15 days before, 15 days during, and 15 days after the lockdown on the prevalence and mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 27 countries was analyzed. Results The findings showed that 15 days after the lockdown there was a trend toward a decline, but no significant decline in the mean prevalence and mean mortality rate due to the COVID-19 pandemic compared to 15 days before, and 15 days during the lockdown in 27 countries. The mean growth factor for number of cases was 1.18 and for mortality rate was 1.16. Conclusions The findings indicate that 15 days after the lockdown, daily cases of COVID-19 and the growth factor of the disease showed a declined trend, but there was no significant decline in the prevalence and mortality.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Drinking Water Quality in Al Wahda Treatment Plant in Baghdad City- Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 38-50
Author(s):  
Nisreen Yaseen Mohammed ◽  
Khalid Adel Abdulrazzaq
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Acceptable Quality ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization

This study aims to evaluate drinking water quality at the Al Wahda plant (WTP) in Baghdad city. A conventional water treatment plant with an average flow rate of 72.82 MLD. Water samples were taken from the influent and effluent of the treatment plant and analyzed for some physicochemical and biological parameters during the period from June to November 2020. The results of the evaluation indicate that treated water has almost the same characteristics as raw water; in other terms, the plant units do not remove pollutants as efficiently as intended. Based on this, the station appears to be nothing more than a series of water passage units. However, apart from Total dissolved solids, the mean values of all parameters in the study were of acceptable quality in accordance with World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variation Of Heavy Metals In Sediment And Water Of Lagos Lagoon

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngozi Oguguah
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Lagos Lagoon ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization

The concentration of Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd) and physicochemical parameters were determined in Surface water and Sediment at different stations in Lagos lagoon during the wet season. The result showed that the concentration of Cr 0.039mg/l, Pb 0.043mg/l, Zn 0.107mg/l, Cd 0.17mg/l in surface water were generally low when compared to WHO standard “2004. The concentration of Zn in the water is within the limits permitted by the Lagos State Environmental Protection Agency (LASEPA) of 1.0 mg/L Zn set for water. The mean levels of heavy metals in the sediment of Lagos lagoon were generally low and fell within the acceptable limits described by WHO,2004 and FEPA.The average concentration for the heavy metals were Cr 0.046mg/g, Pb 0.054mg/g, Zn 0.730mg/g, Cd 0.523mg/g respectively. Comparism of these values with that of the surface water indicates that most metals were adsorbed to the sediment. None of the trace metals investigated were above the maximum permissible level set by world health organization (WHO). For the physicochemistry the salinity ranged from 0.0 ‰ to 3.1 ‰ indicating a typical freshwater condition, higher dissolved oxygen were also recorded this may be due to run-off during the wet season.

scholarly journals The Impact of Noise on Hearing in Intensive Care Unit Nurses

Acta Medica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Süheyla Abitağaoğlu ◽  
Alev Öztaş ◽  
Fatma Şimşek Ceviz ◽  
Ceren Köksal ◽  
Tuğba Aslan Dündar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
World Health ◽  
Hearing Level ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
The People ◽  
Working Age ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: The noise levels in the ICUs exceed the levels suggested by the World Health Organization, because of the noises caused by devices and human noises. The aim of this study is to retrospectively examine the changes in audiometry results of nurses working in ICU.   Methods: The audiometry results of nurses who worked for an uninterrupted period of 1 year in ICU in the last 3 years were examined retrospectively based on the results recorded at the time of employment and in the last year of working. Age, gender, years of work, assessments of hearing level and high frequency hearing losses were recorded. The normal level of hearing was accepted as 0-25dB.   Results: Totally 10 male (25.6%), 29 female (74.4%) were included in the study. The mean age was 26.97 ± 4.69 years and the mean time of employment was 1.82 ± 0.91 years. The mean values of pure tone levels during the years of working were within the normal limits but a significant increase was observed. Two subjects (5.1 %) were confirmed to have high frequency hearing loss.    Discussion and Conclusion: We believe that safety of the staff might be improved by reducing the level of noise in the ICUs and identifying the people at risk with yearly audiometry follow-ups.    

Assessment of Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Nepal’s Construction Sector based on Selected Construction Projects

2021 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Priyanka Thapa ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
World Health ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Construction Work ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a global pandemic as declared by World Health Organization (WHO) is causing severe impacts in almost all aspects of life in Nepal. In response to this pandemic, Nepal Government announced a country-wide lockdown from 24th March 2020 and ended on 21st July 2020. Coronavirus pandemic is an unprecedented event affecting almost every aspect of the construction sector in Nepal. Hence, this study was carried out to assess the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on Nepal’s construction sector based on selected construction projects. For this purpose, a case study of five ongoing construction projects was taken into account and questionnaires were distributed to responsible officials (client, consultant and contractor) of those projects. This study intended to find out the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on supply-demand trend analysis, cost and time of construction projects. Besides, this study also intends to find the contractual issues and claims associated with COVID-19 lockdown. The study reveals that COVID-19 caused serious disruption to the supply chain. Subsequently, project cost and time increases due to uncertainty regarding the availability of subcontractors/ suppliers/labour. The impact of COVID-19 lockdown however varies with the nature, scale and size of the project. Besides, the study also implies that contractual disputes are likely to increase due to lockdown. Each contract and its conditions have to be carefully analyzed to determine a party’s specific entitlement. There is uncertainty as to when the situation becomes normal and construction work can be carried out with optimum efficiency.

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