scholarly journals Comparison of various methods for Group B Streptococcus Identification and Cost Comparison

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (March 2021) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeev Nagassar ◽  
Keston Daniel ◽  
RJ Bridgelal-Nagassar
Keyword(s):  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Blood Agar ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Group B ◽  
Utility Cost ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
Clinic Population

Objectives To verify the utility, cost and feasibility of various methods for Group (Gp) B Streptococcus (GBS) identification; To elucidate the prevalence and resistance patterns of GBS in a clinic population. Design and Methods Isolates were collected from pregnant patients by culturing lower vaginal swabs (LVS) and rectal swabs (RS) from May to September 2015 at Sangre Grande Hospital, Trinidad. These were screened in Carrot Broth (CB), Gram stained and isolated on Blood Agar (BA) and Streptococcus Selective Agar (SSA) simultaneously. Identification was done simultaneously with the Microscan Autoscan® and Streptex® – Streptococcal Grouping kit, to establish concordance. The Microscan Autoscan® panel identified various Streptococcus spp. and Streptex® identified Lancefield Gps A-G. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined with the Microscan Autoscan® for Gp B Streptococcus only. Discordant isolate identifications between Microscan and Streptex were retained for further analysis. Gram staining was also carried out on negative CB. The total cost of identification of isolates was calculated in Trinidad and Tobago dollars. Results 36 LVS & RS samples were collected: 16 Gp B, 1 Gp C, 11 Gp D & 8 with no Streptococci Gp identification. Prevalence of Gp B Streptococci: 44.4%. Concordance between CB and other methods was 86.1%. Sensitivity: 100%; CI (72% – 100%), Specificity: 80%; CI (59% – 93%). Accuracy: 86.1%; CI (70% – 96%). Microscan Autoscan® and Streptex® identified 100% of isolates correctly. Penicillin resistance was 12.5%, Vancomycin and Clindamycin sensitivity were 100% each. The costs for isolation media plates were – SSA: $ 26 per plate and BA: $18 per plate. Streptococcus identification and sensitivity using Microscan Autoscan® Panel 33: $114 per isolate (with blood agar). Streptococcus identification using Streptex®: $193 per isolate (with blood agar) and Carrot Broth: $49 per isolate. Key Words: Group B Streptococci, Carrot Broth, Microscan, Streptex, SSA, Cost

scholarly journals Trends in molecular characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of group B streptococci: a multicenter study in Serbia, 2015–2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusan Kekic ◽  
Ina Gajic ◽  
Natasa Opavski ◽  
Milan Kojic ◽  
Goran Vukotic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Disease Rate ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Group B

AbstractGroup B Streptococcus (GBS) is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Serbia has not fully implemented preventive measures against GBS neonatal diseases. Therefore, we aimed to assess the maternal GBS colonisation and invasive neonatal disease rate, to reveal the trends of antimicrobial resistance and serotype distribution of GBS from various patient groups. Randomly selected non-invasive (n = 991) and all invasive GBS (n = 80) collected throughout Serbia from 2015 to 2020 were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, capsular typing, and hvgA detection. Overall, 877/5621 (15.6%) pregnant women were colonised with GBS. Invasive GBS infections incidence in infants (0.18/1000 live births) showed a decreasing trend (0.3 to 0.1/1000 live births). Type III was overrepresented in infants with invasive infections (n = 35, 58.3%), whereas type V predominated among colonised adults (n = 224, 25.5%) and those with noninvasive (n = 37, 32.5%) and invasive infections (n = 8, 40%). The hypervirulent clone III/ST17 was highly associated with invasive infections (n = 28, 35%), particularly late-onset disease (n = 9, 47.4%), showing an increase from 12.3 to 14.8%. The GBS resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin was 26.7% and 22.1%, respectively, with an upward trend. The emergence of the hypervirulent clone III/ST17 and the escalation in GBS resistance highlight an urgent need for continuous monitoring of GBS infections.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Performance of Various Methodologies for Group B Streptococcus Screening in Pregnant Woman in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kankan Gao ◽  
Qiulian Deng ◽  
Lianfen Huang ◽  
Chien-Yi Chang ◽  
Huamin Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Antigen Detection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blood Agar ◽  
Blood Agar Plate ◽  
Chromogenic Agar ◽  
Group B ◽  
Detection Reagent

Maternal vaginal/rectal colonization of group B streptococcus (GBS) is a main risk for neonatal invasive infection. Efficient determination of GBS colonization in pregnant women is crucial. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of GBS carriage and evaluate the diagnostic performance of six methodologies for GBS screening conducted in China, including blood agar plate, liquid chromogenic medium, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) without pre-enrichment, chromogenic agar plate with pre-enrichment, and GBS antigen detection without and with pre-enrichment in comparison with the standard reference method (Lim broth-enriched subculture with plating on 5% sheep blood agar). Vaginal/rectal swabs were collected from 1,281 pregnant women at 35–37 weeks of gestation. Of them, 309 were taken in triplicate, one for Lim broth-enriched subculture, one for blood agar plate, and the third for GBS antigen detection (Reagent W); 177 were acquired in duplicate, one for Lim broth-enriched subculture and the other for GBS antigen detection (Reagent H); 502 were obtained in duplicate, one for Lim broth-enriched subculture and the other for liquid chromogenic medium; 158 were collected in duplicate, one for Lim broth-enriched subculture and the other for LAMP; and 135 were inoculated in Lim broth-enriched for GBS antigen detection (Reagent W) and subculture with chromogenic agar plate and 5% blood agar plate. The overall prevalence of GBS carriage was 10.1% (130/1,281, 95% CI: 8.5–12.1%) according to the standard reference method. Compared with the standard reference method, the LAMP had excellent performance of sensitivity (100%, 95%CI: 83.4–100%), specificity (94%, 95%CI: 88.1–97.1%), and Yoden index (0.940); as well as the blood agar plate with sensitivity (81.5%, 95%CI: 61.3–93.0%), specificity (100%, 95%CI: 98.3–100.0%), and Yoden index (0.815). The other four methods were not sufficient to reach the threshold in terms of sensitivity or specificity compared to the standard reference method. Furthermore, for LAMP, results can be obtained within 0.5–1 h, while for blood agar plate, which needed 24–48 h, and further identification was required. Our data suggested that the performance of LAMP was highly comparable to the standard Lim broth-enriched subculture and LAMP is considered as an alternative for fast and accurate GBS screening.

Colonization With Group B Streptococci in Girls Under 16 Years of Age

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret R. Hammerschlag ◽  
Carol J. Baker ◽  
Susan Alpert ◽  
Dennis L. Kasper ◽  
Ingrid Rosner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anal Canal ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Capsular Antigen ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Group B

Cultures from the vagina, pharynx, and anal canal of 100 healthy girls, 2 months through 15 years of age, were examined for the presence of group B streptococci. Of the 100 participants, 20% were colonized at one or more of these three sites. Pharyngeal colonization was detected in 15% of the girls under 11 years of age and in 5% of those over 11 years of age. Colonization at anogenital sites was observed in 19% of participants under 3 years of age, in 25% of those 11 years of age and older, and in only 4% of those between the ages of 3 and 10 years (P < .025). The concentration of serum antibody directed against the polysaccharide capsular antigen isolated from type III, group B Streptococcus appeared, in part, to be related to increasing age.

scholarly journals Subtractive Hybridization Identifies a Novel Predicted Protein Mediating Epithelial Cell Invasion by Virulent Serotype III Group B Streptococcus agalactiae

2003 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 6857-6863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth E. Adderson ◽  
Shinji Takahashi ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Jianling Armstrong ◽  
Dylan V. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Subtractive Hybridization ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Mutant Type ◽  
Isogenic Mutant ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Group B

ABSTRACT Group B Streptococcus agalactiae bacteria (group B streptococci [GBS]) are the most common cause of serious bacterial infection in newborn infants. The majority of serotype III-related cases of neonatal disease are caused by a genetically related subgroup of bacteria, restriction fragment digest pattern (RDP) type III-3, suggesting that these strains possess unique genes contributing to virulence. We used genomic subtractive hybridization to identify regions of genomic DNA unique to virulent RDP type III-3 GBS strains. Within one of these III-3-specific regions is a 1,506-bp open reading frame, spb1 (surface protein of group B streptococcus 1). A mutant type III GBS strain lacking Spb1 was constructed in virulent RDP type III-3 strain 874391, and the interactions of the wild-type and spb1 isogenic mutant with a variety of epithelial cells important to GBS colonization and infection were compared. While adherence of the spb1 isogenic mutant to A549 respiratory, C2Bbe1 colonic, and HeLa cervical epithelial cells was slightly lower than that of the 874391 strain, invasion of the Spb1− mutant was significantly reduced with these cell lines compared to what was seen with 874391. The defect in epithelial invasion was corrected by supplying spb1 in trans. These observations suggest that Spb1 contributes to the pathogenesis of neonatal GBS infection by mediating internalization of virulent serotype III GBS and confirm that understanding of the population structure of bacteria may lead to insights into the pathogenesis of human infections.

scholarly journals Mutually Exclusive Distribution of IS1548 and GBSi1, an Active Group II Intron Identified in Human Isolates of Group B Streptococci

2001 ◽  
Vol 183 (8) ◽  
pp. 2560-2569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margareta Granlund ◽  
François Michel ◽  
Mari Norgren
Keyword(s):  
Insertion Site ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Group Ii Intron ◽  
Major Product ◽  
Repeat Sequence ◽  
Bacillus Halodurans ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Group B

ABSTRACT The present study shows that active, self-splicing group II intron GBSi1 is located downstream of the C5a-peptidase gene,scpB, in some group B streptococcus (GBS) isolates that lack insertion sequence IS1548. IS1548 was previously reported to be often present at the scpB locus in GBS isolated in association with endocarditis. Since none of 67 GBS isolates examined, 40 of which were of serotype III, harbored both IS1548 and GBSi1, these two elements are suggested to be markers for different genetic lineages in GBS serotype III. The DNA region downstream of scpB in GBS isolates harboring either GBSi1, IS1548, or none of these mobile elements was found to encode the laminin binding protein, Lmb, which shows sequence similarities to a family of streptococcal adhesins. IS1548 is inserted 9 bp upstream of the putative promoter for lmb, while the insertion site for GBSi1 is located 88 bp further upstream. Sequences highly similar to GBSi1 exist also in Streptococcus pneumoniae. An inverted repeat sequence, with features typical of transcription terminators, was identified immediately upstream of the insertion site for the group II intron both in the GBS and S. pneumoniae sequences. This motif is suggested to constitute a target for the GBS intron as well as for rather closely related introns in Bacillus halodurans, Pseudomonas alcaligenes, andPseudomonas putida. When transcripts containing the GBSi1 intron were incubated at high concentrations of ammonium and magnesium, a major product with the expected length and sequence for the ligated exons was generated. Unlike, however, all members of group II investigated so far, the excised intron was in linear, rather than in a branched (lariat), form.

Direct cost comparison of group B streptococcus prophylaxis regimens in patients with penicillin allergy

2006 ◽  
Vol 195 (6) ◽  
pp. S52
Author(s):  
Clayton Fitzpatrick ◽  
Leo Brancazio ◽  
Terrence Allen ◽  
Geeta Swamy ◽  
Phillip Heine
Keyword(s):  
Direct Cost ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Penicillin Allergy ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Group B

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology of infections caused by group B Streptococcus in pregnant women and newborns, and development of preventive vaccines

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 62-73
Author(s):  
Vasilisa A. Vasilyeva ◽  
Elena V. Shipitsyna ◽  
Kira V. Shalepo ◽  
Alevtina M. Savicheva
Keyword(s):  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Group B ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
Experimental Immunization ◽  
Selection Of

Hypothesis/aims of study. The present analysis was undertaken to summarize current knowledge about molecular properties of group B streptococci (GBS), emphasizing potential targets of vaccines against neonatal GBS infection. Study design, materials, and methods. This review is based on articles published mainly in the last ten years. Results. Epidemiological data on serotypes, multilocus sequence types, clonal complexes of GBS and their relationship are presented. Genetic events in GBS populations indicate significant obstacles to vaccine development. We described key properties of major GBS virulence factors, such as capsular polysaccharide, pili, and cell adhesion molecules, as well as results of experimental immunization on their basis. Conclusion. The population of invasive GBS strains is molecularly and genetically heterogeneous, which complicates selection of vaccine targets. Capsular switching, a low level of immunogenicity and variability of population composition are the most important factors that necessitate the accumulation and monitoring of molecular epidemiological data.

scholarly journals Synergistic hemolysis phenomenon shown by an alpha-toxin-producing Clostridium perfingens and streptococcal CAMP factor in presumptive streptococcal grouping

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 480-488
Author(s):  
S M Gubash
Keyword(s):  
Human Blood ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Blood Agar ◽  
Group A Streptococci ◽  
Alpha Toxin ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Camp Factor ◽  
Group A ◽  
Camp Test ◽  
Group B

A new phenomenon of synergistic hemolysis by Clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin and the streptococcal CAMP factor on human and guinea pig erythrocytes is described. A possible mode of action of the CAMP factors is suggested. On human blood agar all of the tested isolates of group B streptococci gave an arrowhead-shaped zone of hemolysis; 74% of group A gave a crescent-shaped lytic zone, whereas all isolates of groups C and G and the remaining 26% of group A streptococci gave a bullet-shaped lytic zone. By comparison, in the CAMP test incubated aerobically and anaerobically, 70 and 91%, respectively, of streptococci other than group B gave positive, arrowhead-shaped lytic zones. If all intermediate positive reactions in the CAMP tests were read as negative after aerobic incubation, only 89% of group B streptococci would be properly identified. The synergistic hemolysis phenomenon, using an alpha-toxin-producing C. perfringens and human blood agar, provided a reliable test for presumptive identification of group B streptococci, with promising potential to differentiate in the same test group A streptococci from other groups.

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