scholarly journals Lithostratigraphy and microfacies analysis of Avanah Formation (Middle Eocene) in Gomaspan section northeast Erbil City, Kurdistan region, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfan Sh. Asaad ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Microfacies Analysis ◽  
Dolomitic Limestone ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Lithostratigraphic Units ◽  
Lagoon Environment

Lithostratigraphy and microfacies analysis of the Avanah Formation (Middle Eocene) were studied in the Gomaspan section in the Bina Bawi anticline, northeast of Erbil city, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. The field observations refer that the formation attains 56 m of medium to thick bedded yellow limestone, grey dolomitic limestone and blue marly dolomitic limestone interbedded with thin beds of blue marl and dark grey shale with an interval of sandy limestone in the middle part and thin to medium bedded limestone interbedded with red mudstone. The petrographic study of 29 thin sections of Avanah carbonates revealed that the majority of the matrix is carbonate mud (micrite) with few microspar. The skeletal grains include benthic foraminifera, dasycladacean green algae, ostracods, calcispheres, pelecypods, rare planktonic foraminifera and bryozoa in addition to bioclasts. Non-skeletal grains encompass peloids, oncoids, intraclasts and extraclasts with common monocrystalline quartz. Based on the field observation and petrographic analysis, three different lithostratigraphic units were identified. They are in ascending order: A-Thick bedded dolomitic marly limestone interbedded with shale. B- Bedded interbedded with red mudstone. Depending on detailed microfacies analysis of carbonate rocks, three main microfacies and 12 submicrofacies are recognized. From the sum of all petrographic, facies, textural analyses, it is concluded that Avanah Formation in Gomaspan section, was deposited in shallow marine environment, semi restricted lagoon, in lower and upper parts and open lagoon environment in the middle part interval.

scholarly journals Lithostratigraphy and microfacies analysis of Avanah Formation (Middle Eocene) in Gomaspan section northeast Erbil City, Kurdistan region, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfan Sh. Asaad ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Microfacies Analysis ◽  
Dolomitic Limestone ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Lithostratigraphic Units ◽  
Lagoon Environment

Lithostratigraphy and microfacies analysis of the Avanah Formation (Middle Eocene) were studied in the Gomaspan section in the Bina Bawi anticline, northeast of Erbil city, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. The field observations refer that the formation attains 56 m of medium to thick bedded yellow limestone, grey dolomitic limestone and blue marly dolomitic limestone interbedded with thin beds of blue marl and dark grey shale with an interval of sandy limestone in the middle part and thin to medium bedded limestone interbedded with red mudstone. The petrographic study of 29 thin sections of Avanah carbonates revealed that the majority of the matrix is carbonate mud (micrite) with few microspar. The skeletal grains include benthic foraminifera, dasycladacean green algae, ostracods, calcispheres, pelecypods, rare planktonic foraminifera and bryozoa in addition to bioclasts. Non-skeletal grains encompass peloids, oncoids, intraclasts and extraclasts with common monocrystalline quartz. Based on the field observation and petrographic analysis, three different lithostratigraphic units were identified. They are in ascending order: A-Thick bedded dolomitic marly limestone interbedded with shale. B- Bedded dolomitic limestone interbedded with shale and marl. C- Thin to medium bedded limestone interbedded with red mudstone. Depending on detailed microfacies analysis of carbonate rocks, three main microfacies and 12 submicrofacies are recognized. From the sum of all petrographic, facies, textural analyses, it is concluded that Avanah Formation in Gomaspan section, was deposited in shallow marine environment, semi restricted lagoon, in lower and upper parts and open lagoon environment in the middle part interval.

scholarly journals Stratigraphic And Microfacies Study Of Upper Campanian - Lower Maastrichtian Succession (Shiranish Formation) In Bade Village, Bekhere Anticline, Kurdistan Region, Northern Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Zaid A. Malak ◽  
◽  
Omar A. Al-Badrani ◽  
Ezzat I. Al-Fandi
Keyword(s):  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
Calcareous Nannofossils ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Planktic Foraminifera ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Northern Iraq ◽  
Lower Maastrichtian ◽  
Marly Limestone ◽  
Quartz Grains ◽  
Upper Campanian

The Upper Cretaceous Shiranish Formation outcropped close to Bade village and Bekhere anticline, Kurdistan region at northern Iraq and consists of alternating mixed tough grey limestone, marly limestone, marl beds interpreted as a middle - outer shelf – upper bathyal environments (basinal) depositional environment. Fifteen thin sections were studied under a polarized microscope to find out the petrographic component, fauna content, and for microfacies analysis. The major petrographic constituents are fossils, bioclastic grains, micrite matrix, and extraclast (quartz grains). Planktic foraminifera and nannofossils are the major particles within wackestone and packstone microfacies types. The planktonic foraminifera biozones from previous study (such as Globotruncana aegyptiaca, Gansserina gansseri, Racemiguembelina fructicosa, Plummerita hantkeninoides) and the recorded calcareous nannofossils biozones of Broinsonia parca, Reinhardtites levis, Arkhangelskiella cymbiformis, suggest a late Campanian to late Maastrichtian age.

scholarly journals Petrography And Diagenetic History Of The Kometan Formation (Upper Cretaceous) In The Imbricated Zone, Iraqi Kurdistan Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-208
Author(s):  
Irfan Sh. Asaad ◽  
◽  
Sardar M. Balaky ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Iraqi Kurdistan ◽  
Diagenetic Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diagenetic History ◽  
Petrographic Study ◽  
Late Stages

The petrography and diagenetic history of Upper Cretaceous Kometan Formation is investigated from its type locality in Kometan Village, Imbricated Zone, Kurdistan Region, Northeastern Iraq. The formation comprised 44 m of white weathered, light grey, thin to medium bedded fractured limestones with chert nodules and lenses in the upper part. The petrographic study of the formation is based on 50 thin sections and showed that the majority of limestones microfacies are carbonate mud (micrite). The skeletal grains include planktonic foraminifera, oligostegina, calcisphers, ostracods, pelecypods, larvae ammonoids and echinoderms. Non-skeletal grains include peloids only. The Kometan Formation has been subjected to several diagenetic processes such as: micritization, dolomitization, cementation, neomorphism, compaction, silicification, solution, phosphatization, glauconitization and fracturing. All these occurred during marine phreatic shallow burial stage and activated during intermediate to deep burial and uplifting in the late stages. The paragenetic history of the Kometan Formation has passed through four diagenetic environments including; marine, meteoric, burial and uplifting.

scholarly journals Stratigraphic and Microfacies Study of Kometan Formation (Upper Turonian-Lower Campanian), in the Dokan area, Northern Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (1F) ◽  
pp. 51-68
Author(s):  
Zaid A. Malak
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentary Environment ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Outer Shelf ◽  
Calcareous Nannofossils ◽  
Dolomitic Limestone ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Northern Iraq ◽  
Stratigraphic Ranges ◽  
Unconformable Contact ◽  
Lower Campanian

The Kometan Formation is widely distributed in the northern (Kurdistan region) and central Iraq. The studied area is located near the Dokan Dam, about 58 km., to the Northwest of the Sulaymaniyah city, Northeastern Iraq. The Kometan Formation is exposed on the southwest flank of the Sarah anticline. The formation consists of limestone and dolomitic limestone, which have cherts nodules throughout the formation. The Gulneri Formation is recorded below the Kometan Formation with unconformable contact, while at the top is bounded by the Shiranish Formation unconformably too. Three microfacies are identified, these are lime mudstone, planktic foraminiferal lime wackestone-packstone, keeld planktonic foraminiferal lime wackestone-packstone microfacies. All the sedimentary and fossil evidence refer that the sedimentary environment of the formation is the outer shelf to upper bathyal at the lower and upper parts of formation and its extension to the middle bathyal in the middle part of the formation. Based on the stratigraphic ranges of the recorded Calcareous nannofossils biozones, the age of the Kometan Formation at Dokan area is Late Turonian-Early Campanian.

scholarly journals Green Glauconitic Marl Bed As A Sequence Stratigraphical Key For Interpretation Of Contact Between Qamchuqa And Bekhme Formations In Bekhal Area, Kurdistan Region, NE Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sadi Nourmohamadi ◽  
◽  
Rzger A. Abdula ◽  
Fawzi Albeyati ◽  
Arkan O. Sharezwri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condensed System ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Lower Contact

This study incorporates a study of stratigraphy and sedimentology of the green glauconitic marl bed between Qamchuqa and Bekhme Formations in selected section of the Iraqi Kurdistan region. The studied area is located in Gali Garukaju near Rwanduz in Erbil Governorate, northeastern Iraq. Instead of Basal Conglomerate bed, the thin beds of green glauconitic marl occurs along the contact between Qamchuqa and Bekhme Formations in the studied section. Six samples were collected from this section, two samples for XRD and four samples for petrography analysis. Samples for XRD and petrographic analysis were taken from green glauconitic marl beds at the contact between two formations and from upper contact of Qamchuqa Formation and lower contact of Bekhme Formation. XRD analysis data proved the presence of glauconite in green marl bed. General petrographic observations of other remaining four samples in thin sections reveal that the upper contact of Qamchuqa Formation and lower contact of Bekhme Formation are dolomite and dolomitic limestone. The dolomite bed represents type 1 or type 2 depending on the thickness and extension of dolomite bed. Color, morphology, maturity and abundance of glauconite grain were the dominant factors used in the determination of the surface between the two formations. The result emphasizes that the surface was not a gradational surface consisting of low stand and condensed system tract (LST/CS). Two factors, color and morphology, of glauconite grains were analyzed by binocular microscope under reflected light. The morphology of most glauconite grains in this section is ovoidal and tabular with green to dark green in color. Based on these two factors the glauconite grains were within stages 3 and 4 of McCracken et al. (1996) classification and can be interpreted as evolved and high evolved in view of maturity. The presence, increase in concentration and mature grains of glauconite (evolved and high evolved) in marl beds at lower part of Bekhme Formation indicate transgressive or maximum flooding surfaces.

scholarly journals Sedimentological study of the Lower-Middle Miocene Sequences at Selected Wells in Jambur and Khabaz oilfields, NE Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Ruia Yilmaz Ahmad1 ◽  
Lifta Selman Kadhim1 ◽  
Mohammed Ahmed Mohammed Al-haj2
Keyword(s):  
Thin Section ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
Tropical Environment ◽  
Microfacies Analysis ◽  
Reef Environment ◽  
Lagoon Environment ◽  
Petrographic Study

The study includes petrographic and stratigraphical chraractrstic of the lower-middle Miocene sequence at selected wells from Jambur and Khabaz oilfields. Four hundred and sixty thin section from Jeribe, Serikagni, Euphrates, Dhiban, Anah and Azkand formations in four wells from Jambur and Khabaz oilfields are studied. The stratigraphic study indicates that contact between Jeribe and Faꞌtha formations, Jeribe and Dhiban formations are unconformable in all wells under study, while the contact between Jeribe and Anah, Anah and Azkand, Euphrates and Serikagni formations are conformable. The petrographic study reveals that most of the studied formations are limestone rich in benthonic foraminifera especially in Jeribe and Anah formations, with low percentage of planktonic foraminifera such as Globigerina species in Serikagni and Azkand formations. Additionally, echinoids, coral algae, ostracoda and intraclast remains are present. Non-skeletal component such as, pellets and ooids are rare in Euphrates Formation. Microfacies analysis shows the presence of several microfacies distributed in the studied formations. The environments of lower-Middle Miocene formations have been concluded from petrography and microfacies studies. Jeribe Formation was deposited in lagoonal or semi lagoonal environment, while Serikagni and Euphrates formations were deposited in deep marine environment and shallow open lagoon environment respectively. Closed lagoonal environment is assigned for deposition of Dhiban Formation, while slope and reef environment is recognized for the Azkand Formation and tidal and supratidal with reef marine tropical environment for the Anah Formation.   http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.23.2018.169 

scholarly journals The correlation of the Neogene of Central and Eastern Paratethys segments of Ukraine with the International Stratigraphic Chart based on planktonic microfossils

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petro Gozhyk ◽  
Vladimir Semenenko ◽  
Aida Andreeva-Grigorovich ◽  
Ninel Maslun
Keyword(s):  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Lake Pannon ◽  
Eastern Paratethys ◽  
Regional Stage ◽  
The North ◽  
Lithostratigraphic Units ◽  
Stratigraphic Chart ◽  
Correlation Level

Abstract Detailed analysis of microplankton occurrence (planktonic foraminifera, nannoplankton, dinocysts) in Neogene sediments situated at the north-western and south-eastern margins of Ukraine enabled us to distinguish 10 associations of oceanic plankton which specified the relative age of lithostratigraphic units of various regions and were used as correlation levels within the Central and Eastern Paratethys strata. Moreover, an attempt to correlate regional stages and the International Stratigraphic Chart (ISC) is performed. The Oligocene/Miocene boundary (of ISC) represented by the correlation level I was placed within the Central Paratethys regional stage Egerian and in the middle part of the Eastern Paratethys regional stage Caucasian s.l. The latter regional stage is subdivided by the correlation level into two substages: Lower Caucasian (Chattian of ISC) and Upper Caucasian (Aquitanian of ISC). The correlation level II was placed within the upper part of the Eggenburgian and lower part of the Batisifonian (Sakaraulian) regional stages and is correlated approximately with the middle part of the Burdigalian (of ISC). The base of the Middle Miocene is marked by level IV and was recognized only in deposits of the Eastern Paratethys belonging to the Tarkhanian regional stage. This level corresponds to the lowermost Badenian and Langhian (of ISC) stages. Correlation level V is traced in the Konkian sediments of the Eastern Paratethys and is compared with the Upper Badenian and Lower Serravalian (of ISC) stages. Level VI at the Middle/Upper Miocene boundary is situated in the middle part of the Bessarabian regional substage of the Eastern Paratethys and enables its correlation with the Serravallian/Tortonian boundary (of ISC). Level VII is recognized in the Baherovo Member (Meotian stage), while level VIII is fixed at the top of the Meotian regional stage in the Azov and Black Seas, Crimea and adjacent region named Northern Prichornomorye. Both these levels are also identified in the Berezhnytsya Formation of the Eastern Carpathian Foredeep. Correlation of these sediments is similar to the correlation of sediments of Lake Pannon (Pannonian regional stage), hence with the Tortonian stage (of ISC). Level IX was recognized in sediments of the Azov Member belonging to the Kimmerian regional stage of the Eastern Paratethys and represents the top of the Miocene strata. Level X occurs within the Taman Member of the Black Sea shelf and is correlated with the upper part of Kuyalnikian regional stage; corresponding to the Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary.

scholarly journals Mineralogical and Microstructure Analysis for Characterization and Provenance of Ceramic Artifacts from Late Helladic Kastrouli Settlement, Delphi (Central Greece)

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Vayia Xanthopoulou ◽  
Ioannis Iliopoulos ◽  
Ioannis Liritzis
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Ceramic Assemblage ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Central Greece ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Local Geology

The present study deals with the characterization of a ceramic assemblage from the Late Mycenaean (Late Helladic III) settlement of Kastrouli, at Desfina near Delphi, Central Greece using various analytical techniques. Kastrouli is located in a strategic position supervising the Mesokampos plateau and the entire peninsula and is related to other nearby coeval settlements. In total 40 ceramic sherds and 8 clay raw materials were analyzed through mineralogical, petrographic and microstructural techniques. Experimental briquettes (DS) made from clayey raw materials collected in the vicinity of Kastrouli, were fired under temperatures (900 and 1050 °C) in oxidizing conditions for comparison with the ancient ceramics. The petrographic analysis performed on thin sections prepared from the sherds has permitted the identification of six main fabric groups and a couple of loners. The aplastic inclusions recognized in all fabric groups but one confirmed the local provenance since they are related to the local geology. Fresh fractures of representative sherds were further examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM/EDS) helping us to classify them into calcareous (CaO > 6%) and non-calcareous (CaO < 6%) samples (low and high calcium was noted in earlier pXRF data). Here, the ceramic sherds with broad calcium separation are explored on a one-to-one comparison on the basis of detailed mineralogical microstructure. Moreover, their microstructure was studied, aiming to estimate their vitrification stage. The mineralogy of all studied samples was determined by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), permitting us to test the validity of the firing temperatures revealed by the SEM analysis. The results obtained through the various analytical techniques employed are jointly assessed in order to reveal potters’ technological choices.

RESULTS OF PETROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF MESHOKO CERAMICS

Kavkazologiya ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 12-25
Author(s):  
S.M. OSTASHINSKIJ ◽  
◽  
M.A. KULKOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Layer ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Biogenic Carbonates ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Carbonate Composition

The article presents the results of petrographic analysis of the ceramics of the Chalcolithic settlement of Meshoko. A total of 42 fragments were examined (see appendix), 10 of which belong to the upper part of the monument's sediments (layers 1 and 2a; Fig. 1), 20 refer to the middle part of the sediments (layer 2b; Fig. 2), 12 – to the lower part (layer 3; Fig. 3). Based on the analysis, 5 groups of ceramics were identified (Fig. 4). Group 1 consists of fragments with an admixture of limestone, group 2 – with an admixture of diorite, group 3 – with an admixture of biogenic carbonates and sand, group 4 – with an admixture of calcite, group 5 – with an admixture of diorite and chamotte. Clays of smectite composition predominate in groups 1 and 2, while clays of smectite-carbonate composition predominate in groups 3 and 4. Comparison of these groups with stratigraphy revealed that most of the ceramics of groups 3 and 4 are confined to the lower layer, and groups 1 and 2 to the middle and upper layer (Table 1). In addition, the ceramics of these layers differ in the nature of the external surface treatment. Significant changes in the technology of making ceramics during the transition from the lower layer to the middle layer allow us to assume corresponding changes in the composition of the population.

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