scholarly journals SHORT-TERM IMPACT of COVID-19 PANDEMIC on THE GLOBAL and TURKISH SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS PERFORMANCE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aslı GÜNAY
Keyword(s):  
Short Term ◽  
Scientific Publications

scholarly journals Sharing powder diffraction raw data: challenges and benefits

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1739-1744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A. G. Aranda
Keyword(s):  
Data Sharing ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Data ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Powder Diffraction Data ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
Apparent Lack

Scientific data are as important as scientific publications. If this statement holds true, why are we not routinely sharing scientific data? The tools are now out there, for instance Zenodo and related repositories. It could be a lack of motivation of researchers derived from an apparent lack of short-term reward. Here the author will try to show the importance of sharing ready-to-analyse raw powder diffraction data with immediate benefits for authors and for the wider community. Moreover, it is speculated that sharing curated scientific data may have more important medium-term benefits, including credibility and not least reproducibility. Raw data sharing is coming.

scholarly journals From Classical Machine Learning to Deep Neural Networks: A Simplified Scientometric Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5541
Author(s):  
Ravil I. Mukhamediev ◽  
Adilkhan Symagulov ◽  
Yan Kuchin ◽  
Kirill Yakunin ◽  
Marina Yelis
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Publication Activity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Average Prediction Error ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Quantitative Estimates ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
Research Domains ◽  
Dynamic Indicators

There are promising prospects on the way to widespread use of AI, as well as problems that need to be overcome to adapt AI&ML technologies in industries. The paper systematizes the AI sections and calculates the dynamics of changes in the number of scientific articles in machine learning sections according to Google Scholar. The method of data acquisition and calculation of dynamic indicators of changes in publication activity is described: growth rate (D1) and acceleration of growth (D2) of scientific publications. Analysis of publication activity, in particular, showed a high interest in modern transformer models, the development of datasets for some industries, and a sharp increase in interest in methods of explainable machine learning. Relatively small research domains are receiving increasing attention, as evidenced by the negative correlation between the number of articles and D1 and D2 scores. The results show that, despite the limitations of the method, it is possible to (1) identify fast-growing areas of research regardless of the number of articles, and (2) predict publication activity in the short term with satisfactory accuracy for practice (the average prediction error for the year ahead is 6%, with a standard deviation of 7%). This paper presents results for more than 400 search queries related to classified research areas and the application of machine learning models to industries. The proposed method evaluates the dynamics of growth and the decline of scientific domains associated with certain key terms. It does not require access to large bibliometric archives and allows to relatively quickly obtain quantitative estimates of dynamic indicators.

scholarly journals THE REPRESENTATION OF SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS OF RAMS IN WEB OF SCIENCE: EVALUATION OF CURRENT INDICATORS AND PROSPECTS OF THEIR INCREASING

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. I. Starodubov ◽  
S. L. Kuznetsov ◽  
N. G. Kurakova ◽  
L. A. Tsvetkova
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
Bibliometric Indicators ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global Science ◽  
The World ◽  
Presidential Decree ◽  
Number Of Publications

The contribution scientific publications of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (RAMS) in the national publication stream, indexed by Web of Science over the past thirty years, was estimated. The indicators of publication activity that are necessary for the institutions of RAMS to achieve in short-term period the conformity with bibliometric indicators, established by Presidential Decree of May 7, 2012 (to increase the share of Russian publications in Web of Science to 2.44% in 2015) were calculated. It is shown that the current structure of global science, where publications in medicine make up for approximately one third of scientific publications in the world, set for RAMS scientists particularly difficult task: to double in three years the number of publications in Web of Sci. In the article are proposed the priorities and the necessary steps to fulfill this task. 

scholarly journals DNA barcode reference libraries: Achievements of the DNAqua-Net Working Group 1

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torbjørn Ekrem ◽  
Fedor Čiampor Jr
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Aquatic Species ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Reference Databases ◽  
Group 1

The three main aims for the DNAqua-Net working group 1 (WG1) have been i) to identify gaps in the barcode reference libraries of European aquatic species, ii) to fill these gaps in collaboration with ongoing initiatives, and iii) to facilitate knowledge transfer and initiate work on barcode reference libraries in regions where such activity was low (Leese et al. 2016). WG1 currently has 129 members from 39 countries spanning four continents, with a majority of members from Europe. In our presentation we show the achievements of WG1 during the lifetime of the DNAqua-Net COST action (CA15219; 2016-2021), and discuss some of the highlights obtained through collaborative work and joint dissemination. Specifically, we emphasize the outcomes presented in two peer-reviewed scientific publications that focus on standards for building DNA barcode reference libraries, and gaps in reference databases for European aquatic organisms currently used in national biomonitoring programs (Rimet et al. 2021, Weigand et al. 2019). However, major achievements were also obtained in four workshops (Braga, Pécs, Limassol & Bratislava) and through the activities of 16 short-term scientific missions (STSMs).

Experience: Automated Prediction of Experimental Metadata from Scientific Publications

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Stuti Nayak ◽  
Amrapali Zaveri ◽  
Pedro Hernandez Serrano ◽  
Michel Dumontier
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Biomedical Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Tree Structures ◽  
Memory Network ◽  
Long Short Term Memory ◽  
Automated Prediction ◽  
Experimental Metadata

While there exists an abundance of open biomedical data, the lack of high-quality metadata makes it challenging for others to find relevant datasets and to reuse them for another purpose. In particular, metadata are useful to understand the nature and provenance of the data. A common approach to improving the quality of metadata relies on expensive human curation, which itself is time-consuming and also prone to error. Towards improving the quality of metadata, we use scientific publications to automatically predict metadata key:value pairs. For prediction, we use a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and a Bidirectional Long-short term memory network (BiLSTM). We focus our attention on the NCBI Disease Corpus, which is used for training the CNN and BiLSTM. We perform two different kinds of experiments with these two architectures: (1) we predict the disease names by using their unique ID in the MeSH ontology and (2) we use the tree structures of MeSH ontology to move up in the hierarchy of these disease terms, which reduces the number of labels. We also perform various multi-label classification techniques for the above-mentioned experiments. We find that in both cases CNN achieves the best results in predicting the superclasses for disease with an accuracy of 83%.

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

Ultrastructural Changes of Canine Kidneys During 24-Hour Perfusion on a LI-400 Preservation System

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 316-317
Author(s):  
M. O. Magnusson ◽  
D. G. Osborne ◽  
T. Shimoji ◽  
W. S. Kiser ◽  
W. A. Hawk
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electrolyte Solution ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Midline Incision ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pentobarbital Anesthesia ◽  
Pulsatile Perfusion

Short term experimental and clinical preservation of kidneys is presently best accomplished by hypothermic continuous pulsatile perfusion with cryoprecipitated and millipore filtered plasma. This study was undertaken to observe ultrastructural changes occurring during 24-hour preservation using the above mentioned method.A kidney was removed through a midline incision from healthy mongrel dogs under pentobarbital anesthesia. The kidneys were flushed immediately after removal with chilled electrolyte solution and placed on a LI-400 preservation system and perfused at 8-10°C. Serial kidney biopsies were obtained at 0-½-1-2-4-8-16 and 24 hours of preservation. All biopsies were prepared for electron microscopy. At the end of the preservation period the kidneys were autografted.

Polychlorinated biphenyl induced hepatocyte alterations

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 716-717
Author(s):  
D.N. Collins ◽  
J.N. Turner ◽  
K.O. Brosch ◽  
R.F. Seegal
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Homovanillic Acid ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pcb Congeners ◽  
Urinary Levels ◽  
The Brain

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a ubiquitous class of environmental pollutants with toxic and hepatocellular effects, including accumulation of fat, proliferated smooth endoplasmic recticulum (SER), and concentric membrane arrays (CMAs) (1-3). The CMAs appear to be a membrane storage and degeneration organelle composed of a large number of concentric membrane layers usually surrounding one or more lipid droplets often with internalized membrane fragments (3). The present study documents liver alteration after a short term single dose exposure to PCBs with high chlorine content, and correlates them with reported animal weights and central nervous system (CNS) measures. In the brain PCB congeners were concentrated in particular regions (4) while catecholamine concentrations were decreased (4-6). Urinary levels of homovanillic acid a dopamine metabolite were evaluated (7).Wistar rats were gavaged with corn oil (6 controls), or with a 1:1 mixture of Aroclor 1254 and 1260 in corn oil at 500 or 1000 mg total PCB/kg (6 at each level).

Acetaminophen: Macula densa hypersecretory activity by induced hepatotoxicity

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 934-935
Author(s):  
S.S. Poolsawat ◽  
C.A. Huerta ◽  
S.TY. Lae ◽  
G.A. Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Foam Cell ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Experimental Induction ◽  
Tissue Alterations ◽  
Toxic Responses

Introduction. Experimental induction of altered histology by chemical toxins is of particular importance if its outcome resembles histopathological phenomena. Hepatotoxic drugs and chemicals are agents that can be converted by the liver into various metabolites which consequently evoke toxic responses. Very often, these drugs are intentionally administered to resolve an illness unrelated to liver function. Because of hepatic detoxification, the resulting metabolites are suggested to be integrated into the macromolecular processes of liver function and cause an array of cellular and tissue alterations, such as increased cytoplasmic lysis, centrilobular and localized necroses, chronic inflammation and “foam cell” proliferation of the hepatic sinusoids (1-4).Most experimentally drug-induced toxicity studies have concentrated primarily on the hepatic response, frequently overlooking other physiological phenomena which are directly related to liver function. Categorically, many studies have been short-term effect investigations which seldom have followed up the complications to other tissues and organs when the liver has failed to function normally.

Ultrastructural investigations of MDL 19,660-induced effects on the canine platelet and megakaryocyte

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-375
Author(s):  
D.E. Loudy ◽  
J. Sprinkle-Cavallo ◽  
J.T. Yarrington ◽  
F.Y. Thompson ◽  
J.P. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Induced Aggregation ◽  
Internal Architecture

Previous short term toxicological studies of one to two weeks duration have demonstrated that MDL 19,660 (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,4-dihydro-2,4-dimethyl-3Hl, 2,4-triazole-3-thione), an antidepressant drug, causes a dose-related thrombocytopenia in dogs. Platelet counts started to decline after two days of dosing with 30 mg/kg/day and continued to decrease to their lowest levels by 5-7 days. The loss in platelets was primarily of the small discoid subpopulation. In vitro studies have also indicated that MDL 19,660: does not spontaneously aggregate canine platelets and has moderate antiaggregating properties by inhibiting ADP-induced aggregation. The objectives of the present investigation of MDL 19,660 were to evaluate ultrastructurally long term effects on platelet internal architecture and changes in subpopulations of platelets and megakaryocytes.Nine male and nine female beagle dogs were divided equally into three groups and were administered orally 0, 15, or 30 mg/kg/day of MDL 19,660 for three months. Compared to a control platelet range of 353,000- 452,000/μl, a doserelated thrombocytopenia reached a maximum severity of an average of 135,000/μl for the 15 mg/kg/day dogs after two weeks and 81,000/μl for the 30 mg/kg/day dogs after one week.

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