scholarly journals L’uso della toponomastica come indicatore di insediamenti e strutture fortificate: il caso toscano

X ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camillo Berti ◽  
Massimiliano Grava
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Place Names ◽  
Scientific Contribution ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Diachronic Analysis

The use of toponymy as an indicator of settlements and fortified structures: the Tuscan caseThe purpose of this contribution is to analyze the spatial distribution of the place names referred to the Tuscan territory, to fortified structures and settlements, through the study of the place names recorded geodatabase RE.TO.RE. (Regional Toponymic Repertory) created by the Tuscany Region with the scientific contribution of the Universities of Pisa, Florence and Siena. The Tuscan toponyms has been the object of both a synchronic study within each of the cartographic sources that make up the geographical database, and a diachronic analysis between the temporal thresholds in which the archive is articulated. The database, extrapolated from cartographic supports, in fact covers a time span between the first decades of the nineteenth century (nineteenth century land registries) and the most recent information series produced in the regional context (Carta Tecnica Regionale). In the contribution, the place names related in various ways to different types of structures and fortified settlements, such as castle, fort, tower, fortress, has been analyzed both in relation to the distribution and spatial aspects, and in reference to their evolutionary dynamics (persistence, disappearance, transformation), with the aim of identifying possible relationships between the territory and the distribution in time and space of the different types of fortifications. From a methodological point of view, the study has been carried out, in addition to the traditional tools of the topomastic survey, especially taking advantage of the potential of spatial analysis functions typical of geographical information systems.

Geographical Information System Applications Utilized in Museums in Turkey Within the Scope of the Cultural Heritage Tourism

2018 ◽  
pp. 42-60
Author(s):  
Aysu Altaş
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Geographical Information System ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Written Information ◽  
Guided Tours

Technology has penetrated every aspect of life and it proceeds with the aim of facilitating people's lives. Geographical information systems as a part of the developing technology provide services in every area with different forms. One of these areas is museology. The desire to make visual and written information and cultural heritage that are presented by museums with auditory and interactive experiences has brought together digital technologies and cultural and historical activities. From this point of view, the “Müze Asist” is a remarkable application in terms of the fact that it is a local app and in use in most of the museums in Turkey and the convenience provided for all tourists who want to visit a museum, especially for those who prefer self-guided tours. This chapter may be a guide to its objects and to the next researchers.

scholarly journals The Provision and Accessibility to Parks in Ho Chi Minh City: Disparities along the Urban Core—Periphery Axis

Urban Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anh Hoang ◽  
Philippe Apparicio ◽  
Thi-Thanh-Hien Pham
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Hierarchical Classification ◽  
Spatial Accessibility ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Urban Core ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ascending Hierarchical Classification ◽  
The City

In Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC, Vietnam), there is now an urgent need for evaluating access to parks in an effort to ensure better planning within the context of rapid and increasingly privatized urbanization. In this article, we analyze the provision and accessibility to parks in HCMC. To achieve this, the information gathered was then integrated into the geographical information systems (GISs). Based on an Ascending Hierarchical Classification, we were able to identify five different types ranging in their intrinsic characteristics. The accessibility measurements calculated in the GISs show that communities are located an average of at least 879 meters away from parks, which is a relatively short distance. Children have a level of accessibility comparable to that of the overall population. Accessibility also seems to vary greatly throughout the City—populations residing in central districts (planned before 1996) enjoy better accessibility compared to those in peripheral neighborhoods (planned after 1996). Parks located in areas planned between 1996 and 2002 are the least accessible, followed by parks in areas planned after 2003. Our findings suggest possible approaches that could be used to help ensure the quality of parks and their spatial accessibility.

scholarly journals English Influence on Linguistic Landscape of Modern Russian Cities

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Svetlana Pitina
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Linguistic Landscape ◽  
Place Names ◽  
Urban Place ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
City Space ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Place Naming ◽  
Modern Russian

This paper provides an integral cognitive and language and cultural study of linguistic landscape diversity which is of a particular interest from the viewpoint of multilingualism expansion. The research aims to outline and analyze peculiarities of English influence on the modern urban space of Russian cities. This paper puts forward and confirms the hypothesis that English influence on linguistic landscape of the three modern Russian cities is a regular process in commercial place naming, that it is realized in various ways in different types of ergonyms to meet the demands of customers. Local city space is seen as a complex system from the point of view of language and cultural studies. Local urban naming is analyzed on the material of about 1,000 partially or completely anglicized names of language centers, tourist agencies and book shops of Yekaterinburg, Saint-Petersburg and Chelyabinsk retrieved from official websites. The data analysis has shown the existence of both general tendencies in forming urban commercial place names and realization of regional consciousness in naming. The findings prove that nomination processes in urban naming combine local and global tendencies. One of the main universal tendencies of naming is urban globalization realized in the English influence on the modern linguistic landscape in general and on the urban place names in particular. It is shown that English influence (Anglicization) is realized in glocalization, the coexistence of English and local characteristics of Russian urban place names. Anglicization tendencies and mechanisms include language fashion and creativity. The study reveals patterns of borrowing, codeswitching and language interplay. It is illustrated that blending, transliteration from English into Russian, usage of hybrid words and expressions are characteristic of the analyzed minor place names.

scholarly journals Mapping spatial cultures: contributions of space syntax to research in the urban history of the nineteenth-century city

Urban History ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 488-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Griffiths ◽  
Laura Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Urban History ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Space Syntax ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Urban Street ◽  
History Of ◽  
Architectural Research

AbstractThe theory and methods of space syntax can help to rebalance the prevailing cultural perspective, which views maps as ideological representations, with an analytical approach that emphasizes maps as sources for understanding space and spatial relationships embedded in built forms. The quantitative descriptions of urban street networks produced by space syntax analyses can be used to formulate and test hypotheses about patterns of urban movement, encounter and socio-economic activity in the past that can help in the interpretation of other historical source materials to give an overall account of urban spatial culture. In this article, the authors explain how space syntax, a theory and method originally developed in the field of architectural research, is making a distinctive contribution to research in social and urban history. The key principles of the method are explained by clarifying the relationship of space syntax to HGIS (Historical Geographical Information Systems) and through a worked example of research undertaken into political meeting places. A survey of research into the urban history of the nineteenth-century city using space syntax is used to highlight a number of important methodological themes and also demonstrates the range of innovative contributions that this interdisciplinary approach is able to advance. A final, theoretical, section reflects on maps and the practice of ‘mapping’ from a space syntax perspective.

Spatial Online Analytical Processing (SOLAP)

2011 ◽  
pp. 298-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvan Bedard ◽  
Sonia Rivest ◽  
Marie-Josée Proulx
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Spatial Component ◽  
On Line ◽  
Street Address ◽  
Analytical Processing ◽  
Spatio Temporal

It is recognized that 80% of data have a spatial component (ex. street address, place name, geographic coordinates, map coordinates). Having the possibilities to display data on maps, to compare maps of different phenomena or epochs, and to combine maps with tables and statistical charts allows one to get more insights into spatial datasets. Furthermore, performing fast spatio-temporal analysis, interactively exploring the data by drilling on maps similarly to drilling on tables and charts, and easily synchronizing such operations among these views is nowadays required by more and more users. This can be done by combining Geographical Information Systems (GIS) with On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP), paving the way to “SOLAP” (Spatial OLAP). The present chapter focuses on the spatial characteristics of SOLAP from a geomatics engineering point of view: concepts, architectures, tools and remaining challenges.

A Validation of England's Nineteenth Century Tithe Files, Using GIS as a Primary Tool

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 116-135
Author(s):  
Malcolm Little ◽  
Stephen Peplow
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Econometric Analysis ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Exogenous Variables ◽  
Consistent Manner

The tithe files contain a large amount of agricultural production data, but have not been much used for econometric analysis. The data is the result of averaging and estimating, thus some doubt has been cast on its accuracy. This article shows that for eight counties in the southwest of England, some data from the tithe files is reasonably reliable and was recorded in a consistent manner. The article demonstrates how tithe files and other data can be geocoded with spatial information so that an analysis using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) may be performed. Three tests are carried out, showing that pastoral rents followed a ‘distance decay’ model; that reported arable yields were consistent with exogenous variables; and that arable rents were set with economic variables in mind.

The social geography of near and far: built environment and residential distance in mid-nineteenth-century New York City

Urban History ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-534
Author(s):  
Gergely Baics
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New York ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Social Geography ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Fire Insurance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Residential Distance ◽  
Building Level

AbstractThis article brings together two Geographical Information Systems (GIS) datasets – building-level land-use data from the 1852–54 Perris Fire Insurance Atlas, and geocoded home addresses from the 1854 city directory – to explore how desirable and undesirable conditions of the built environment accounted for new dynamics of residential separation in mid-nineteenth-century New York. Using spatial analysis, it shows how early forms of residential separation were driven by the desire of elites to create secluded residential neighbourhoods. Further, although stark contrasts delineated the extremes of wealth and poverty, the city's dominant landscape was defined by in-between conditions and subtle variations in built environment and residential distance.

scholarly journals From prospective clinical trial to reducing social inequalities in health: The DESSEIN trial, concept and design of a multidisciplinary study in precarious patients with breast cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Ngô ◽  
Aurélia Dinut ◽  
Audrey Bochaton ◽  
Hélène Charreire ◽  
Caroline Desprès ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Care Pathway ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Multidisciplinary Study ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background In France during the last 15 years, precariousness among women has increased. In breast cancer, precariousness has been associated with an increase in mortality, but the links between precariousness, stage at diagnosis and care pathway are little explored. Our study aims to evaluate the impact of precariousness on care pathways, treatment and recovery phase according to a multidisciplinary analysis. Methods and design Comparative prospective observational multicenter study of exposed / unexposed category. Patients with breast cancer are recruited in the Ile de France area. Three scores are used to identify precarious patients. Precarious patients are matched to non-precarious patients by age group. Questionnaires are distributed to patients at different times of care. The main objective is to compare the stage of the disease at diagnosis between two groups. The secondary objectives are: comparison of socio-economic and geographical characteristics, direct and indirect costs, personal trajectories of care and health. Analysis include multidisciplinary approaches. A geographical information systems method will evaluate the accessibility to health facilities and the characteristics of the places of residence of the patients. An anthropological analysis will be conducted through observation of consultations and semi-directed interviews with patients. These methods will allow to analyze the diagnostic and therapeutic routes, placing it in a life history and an economic, socio-cultural and health environment. The economic analysis will include a comparison of direct, indirect costs and out-off pocket costs, from the patient’s point of view and from the societal perspective. Discussion Conducted in a clinical setting and coupled with a qualitative study, this study will provide a better understanding of how contextual factors, combined with individual factors, can influence the course of health and thus the stage of the disease at diagnosis. The multidisciplinary approach, involving clinicians, geographers, an anthropologist, an economist and a health epidemiologist, will allow a multidimensional approach to the impact of precariousness on breast cancer. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02948478 registered October 28, 2016. ID RCB: 2016-A00589–42. protocol version: 2.1. decembre 13, 2018.

scholarly journals Geotourism Perspectives for Transhumance Routes. Analysis, Requalification and Virtual Tools for the Geoconservation Management of the Drove Roads in Southern Italy

Geosciences ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Meini ◽  
Giuseppe Di Felice ◽  
Marco Petrella
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Territorial Identity ◽  
Mediterranean Regions

The article illustrates the interest in transhumance routes, the ancient paths connecting high and lowland pastures in Southern Italy and other Mediterranean regions, as elements of particular importance for sustainable geotourism management. As a contribution to the needs of requalification of the drove roads, we propose a method of analysis for their preservation and their reuse for geotourism purposes, showing the steps and instruments necessary to organize, enhance and communicate transhumance routes as integrated cultural landscapes. Results are presented as applied to a specific case study (Molise, IT) of a geoconservation management proposal for the assessment of the state of conservation of the drove roads, of their cultural heritage and of their potential reuse for geotourism. This methodological proposal uses geographical information systems, historical sources, cartography and remote sensing techniques and includes 3D virtual reconstructions of the transhumance landscape. The article is meant to contribute to a non-stereotyped image of transhumance geoheritage, reflecting on communication and learning strategies supported by geo-historical analyses, in order to promote a greater awareness of landscapes genesis and evolution for visitors and local communities. It is argued that future challenges of geotourism relate to the ability to recompose nature and culture to an interpretive unity, both from a theoretical and operative point of view, and that the goal is to reach an integrated tourist offer focused on the relationship between man and environment with the signs of territorialisation processes expressed through economic vocations, traditional production chains, cultural values and territorial identity. To this purpose, the valorisation of the transhumance routes—for their historical-economic, ecological, landscape, patrimonial and identity meanings—seems to respond perfectly.

scholarly journals Place Names in Ekegusii Language: A Cognitive Linguistics Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Aunga Solomon Onchoke
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Panel Discussion ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Place Names ◽  
Cognitive Metaphor ◽  
The Social ◽  
Metaphor Theory ◽  
Mapping Analysis ◽  
Different Types

This paper analyses place names in the Ekegusii language from the cognitive linguistics point of view. The study is grounded on three objectives: to identify and explain the Ekegusii names of places, to describe the social cultural values, and to account for the cognitive processes involved in their mapping, analysis and elucidation. The data comprises of a list of Ekegusii place names collected from two counties, Kisii and Nyamira, by interviewing people through snowballing, and later holding a panel discussion with selected elders regarding the mapping processes and meanings associated with them. The Cognitive Metaphor Theory was used to map them to the different types of conceptual domains. Findings from this study show that place names in Ekegusii are conceptualized as seasons, topography, people, animals, plants and objects (as source domains which are social-culturally determined), and portray their cultural identity and tradition. The study concludes by suggesting further research in onomastics, especially on metaphor and metonymy in other languages of the world.

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