scholarly journals The transformations of the peripheral urban form in Brazilian listed heritage coastal cities and their morphological typologies: classification and concepts

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon Fortunato Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Urban Forms ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Forest Law ◽  
Peripheral Areas ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents the results of my PhD research in architecture and urbanism, which analyzes an urban form and its use as a territorial planning tool. The object of study was the protected historic cities listed on the Brazilian coast, which have restrictions on building construction. These cities are influenced by urban flows, the impact of the metropolitan dynamics, and contemporary transformations. The research discusses the rigidity of the building legislation in the urban perimeter of these cities, while urban transformations and informal growth take place in peripheral areas in varied forms, types and arrangements. It aims to identify, classify and conceptualize the morphological types that appear as urban occurrences and consolidate as dispersed informal nuclei. Such urban occurrences are due to the building restrictions, the lack of territorial planning, and the contemporary globalized model of life, which shapes social inequality in urban expansion. The research methodology consisted of a perimeter survey of the 27 heritage listed cities on the Brazilian coast, according to the parameters obtained by Brazilian Forest Law (12.651/2012) and Brazilian Urban Land Parceling Law (Law 6.766/1979). Also, imagery collected by Google Earth was used to identify urban formations that deviate from legislation, similarly to the object of study. As a result, 16 types of urban forms were classified, which consolidated as nuclei of dispersed formations and were linked to an informal urban structural network. Also, territorial planning guidelines were designed, using the analysis of urban forms as a tool for urban transformation.

scholarly journals Built Environment and Its Influences on Walking among Older Women: Use of Standardized Geographic Units to Define Urban Forms

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian W. Siu ◽  
William E. Lambert ◽  
Rongwei Fu ◽  
Teresa A. Hillier ◽  
Mark Bosworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Central City ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Urban Fringe ◽  
Walking Behavior ◽  
Urban Forms ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
The Impact

Consensus is lacking on specific and policy-relevant measures of neighborhood attributes that may affect health outcomes. To address this limitation, we created small standardized geographic units measuring the transit, commercial, and park area access, intersection, and population density for the Portland, Oregon metropolitan area. Cluster analysis was used to identify six unique urban forms: central city, city periphery, suburb, urban fringe with poor commercial access, urban fringe with pool park access, and satellite city. The urban form information was linkable to the detailed physical activity, health, and socio-demographic data of 2,005 older women without the use of administrative boundaries. Evaluation of the relationship between urban forms and walking behavior indicates that older women residing in city center were more likely to walk than those living in city periphery, suburb communities, and urban fringe with poor commercial access; however, these women were not significantly more likely to walk compared to those residing in urban fringe with poor park access or satellite city. Utility of small standardized geographic units and clusters to measure and define built environment support research investigating the impact of built environment and health. The findings may inform environmental/policy interventions that shape communities and promote active living.

scholarly journals Trade-Off Relationship of Arable and Ecological Land in Urban Growth When Altering Urban Form: A Case Study of Shenzhen, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 10041
Author(s):  
Kaixuan Dai ◽  
Shi Shen ◽  
Changxiu Cheng ◽  
Sijing Ye ◽  
Peichao Gao
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Urban Forms

Over the last few decades, rapid urban expansion has spread over a great deal of arable and ecological land, leading to severe social and environmental issues. Although different urban growth scenarios cause varying types of urban forms to emerge, there is currently a lack of empirical studies and other research on these different forms. Therefore, it is important for decision-makers to have an improved understanding of the relationships between arable land and ecological land under different urban form conditions in order to implement sustainable urban development policies. This study utilized a patch-based, multilevel stochastic urban growth model to simulate Shenzhen’s urban growth until 2035. To determine the impacts of urban forms and population density on land use, we established five scenarios to simulate urban expansion and land-use changes at the sub-regional scale. The results revealed the trade-off relationships that emerge when altering the urban forms or population density, which shows that no single policy can conserve arable land and ecological land simultaneously. The results also revealed that sub-regions have distinct responses to alternative urban form scenarios compared with an entire region. Decision-makers and planners should consider the urban form in order to optimize development projects that fit local conditions and achieve more sustainable development.

scholarly journals Urban Form Compaction and Energy Use Intensity in New Social Housing Neighborhoods in the UAE

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 3815
Author(s):  
Ahmed ◽  
Alipour
Keyword(s):  
Social Housing ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Climate Zone ◽  
Urban Forms ◽  
The Impact

With increasing global awareness of sustainable development, federal and local authorities in the UAE have developed agendas for energy efficiency in all development sectors, especially for buildings and urban development. With the belief that urban form is integral to urban sustainability, several recently developed single-family social housing neighborhoods in the UAE have shifted from conventional sprawling urban forms to more compact ones. Unfortunately, the impact of this shift on operational and cooling energy use intensities (EUIs) is unknown. Adopting a comparative computational method, this study investigates the effect of compact urban morphologies on EUIs. In addition to a case study representing conventional urban sprawls, six recently designed housing neighborhoods in Abu Dhabi, Dubai, and Al Ain were selected to represent new compact urban forms. This study uncovered an inconsistent relationship between floor area ratio (FAR) and average housing operational and cooling EUIs. To justify these results, the effects of increased lot coverage area, street grid patterns, building configurations, and climate zone on operational and cooling EUIs were studied, and all except climate zone were proven effective. This study concludes that the current design philosophy of compacting the urban form has not successfully met the Emirates Green Building Council’s (GBC) sustainable operational EUI benchmark of 90 kWh/m2/y. While further urban compactness (i.e., increased FARs) is needed, the other urban morphological measures examined in this study should be considered for achieving a more sustainable urban form for social housing.

scholarly journals The influence of urban form on the grid integration of renewable energy technologies and distributed energy systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. D. Perera ◽  
Silvia Coccolo ◽  
Jean-Louis Scartezzini
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Urban Forms ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
The Impact

AbstractStandard and newly designed building blocks for complex urban sites– also designated by urban archetypes - are used in this study to quantify the influence of urban forms on their energy demand and energy systems design. An energy hub, which consists on a multi-carrier energy system involving multiple energy conversion, storage and/or network technologies, is employed to quantify the impact of the urban morphology on the energy system requirements. This study reveals that urban archetypes have a notable influence on the heating and cooling energy demands of city districts that can be characterized using form factors and floor area ratio. However, the influence on demand profiles cannot be assessed based on the aforementioned indicators. The cost of energy systems can increase up to 50% due to the impact of urban forms that are well beyond the increase of peak and/or annual energy demands. In addition, renewable energy integration to the grid as well its utilization in districts is influenced by urban forms. This makes it essential to consider energy system design as a part of the urban planning process moving even beyond building simulation.

scholarly journals Urban Form and Natural Hazards: Exploring the Dual Aspect Concept of Urban Forms on Flood Damage

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9007
Author(s):  
Seungwon Kang ◽  
Jaeweon Yeom ◽  
Juchul Jung
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Urban Forms ◽  
Present Complex ◽  
Urban Problems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The purpose of the paper is to explore the dual aspect concept of the impact of urban forms on flood damage. Theoretically, urban form has the dual aspect concept of increasing or decreasing flood damage. Recent issues such as climate change and pandemics are increasing the need to re-discuss the relationship between urban forms and natural hazards. By revisiting the dual aspect concepts of urban forms such as aggregation and dispersion, we can effectively respond to specific urban problems that present complex issues at the city level. Accordingly, this paper once again considers what is a more resilient and ideal urban form for natural hazards by exploring dual aspect concepts of urban form for flood damage spatially and quantitatively from a macroscopic point of view.

Spatial pattern analysis of address quality: A study on the impact of rapid urban expansion in China

2019 ◽  
pp. 239980831989527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Lin ◽  
Mengjun Kang ◽  
Biao He
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Spatial Pattern Analysis ◽  
Address Data ◽  
The Impact

Standard address data are essential geographical information that play an important role in urban management. However, due to the complex structures of Chinese addresses, poor address quality has long been a problem in China. Although several measures were established to improve the address quality, nonstandard address data are still common in new urban areas. To investigate the potential causes of the geographical disparities in address quality, in this paper, we hypothesize that the sprawling urban form caused by rapid urban expansion in China has hindered the generation of standard addresses in new urban areas. To test this hypothesis, the spatial pattern of address quality in Shenzhen, China, is analyzed, and the potential causal paths relating urban expansion, urban form, and address quality are examined using structural equation modeling. The results indicate poorer address quality in new urban areas in Shenzhen. Rapid urban expansion has an indirect negative relation with the address quality. In addition, both road compactness and land use compactness have a direct positive effect on address quality, but the latter is insignificant. In this case, to facilitate improvements in address quality, a plan with dense and small blocks is suggested in the planning of new urban areas.

scholarly journals Mapping the urban form of coastal fishing towns in Algarve: Olhão and Vila Real de Santo António

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 313-328
Author(s):  
Mafalda Batista Pacheco ◽  
Itziar Navarro-Amezketa ◽  
Teresa Heitor
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Integrated Network ◽  
Urban Networks ◽  
Urban Forms ◽  
History Of ◽  
Southern Portugal ◽  
Historic Centre

Abstract The paper examines the urban growth patterns of two coastal fishing towns in southern Portugal: Olhão and Vila Real de Santo António. The goal is to investigate the relationship between the configurational and network properties of the urban forms in order to identify generative or emergent patterns, understanding their particular urban morphology. The Space Syntax Theory, applied to the syntactical modelling of these towns, is used to understand the urban processes. Topological variables, such as connectivity, integration and intelligibility, are calculated by DepthMap Software and the Theory of the “Deformed Wheel” is used to represent the evolutionary trends and to identify generic rules. The study is developed by comparing the two urban networks in two moments of their evolution, first in the mid-20th century, which corresponds to the historic core, and second corresponding to the present day. The main results demonstrate a contrast between the segregated network of Olhão's irregular historic centre and the integrated network of Vila Real de Santo António's regular historic centre, revealed by the value of integration variable. The urban expansion of these towns during the last decades decreased the value of integration and aggravated the intelligibility of the urban fabric. The application of syntactic approaches, with quantitative analysis, aims to complement the traditional procedures of the History of Urbanism, developing an operational method adaptable to the study of urban morphology.

scholarly journals Influences of Urban Expansion on Urban Heat Island in Beijing during 1989–2010

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Qiao ◽  
Guangjin Tian ◽  
Lixiao Zhang ◽  
Xinliang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The Impact

Beijing has experienced rapid urbanization and associated urban heat island (UHI) effects. This study aimed at analyzing the impact of urban form on UHI in Beijing using TM/ETM images between 1989 and 2010. Spatial analysis was proposed to explore the relationships between area, compactness ratio, the gravity centers of urban land, and UHI. The UHI in Beijing spatially represented a “NE-SW” spindle. The land surface temperature (LST) was higher in south than in north. Urban Heat Island Ratio Index (URI) was well interrelated with urban land area in different zones. Under the similar urban land area condition, UHI and compactness ratio of urban land were in positive correlation. The moving direction of the UHI gravity center was basically in agreement with urban land sprawl. The encroachment of urban land on suburban land is the leading source of UHI effect. The results suggest that urban design based on urban form would be effective for regulating the thermal environment.

scholarly journals Impacts of Urban Expansion on Urban Heat Island - A Geospatial Approach

2019 ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Bindi Dave ◽  
Shaily Gandhi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The Impact

Growing urbanisation has led to increase in the built up area, reduction in open and green spaces with in the cities and the periphery. The urban saturation and the enlargement of the built space have determined environmental changes, increasing the already precarious condition of the natural systems in these spaces of high saturation. It results in to the formation of Urban Heat Island (UHI). Over the last few years, Ahmedabad has experienced rapid urbanization and associated Urban Heat Island (UHI) effects. This study aims at analysing spatially and temporally, the impact of urban form expansion on UHI in Ahmedabad using Landsat thermal images. The Mono Window Algorithm has been used to retrieve Land Surface Temperature (LST) from the thermal bands of LANDSAT-5, 8 TM satellite data. Various spatial analysis techniques were used to explore the relationships between area, compactness ratio, the gravity centers of urban land, and UHI. Under the similar urban land area condition, UHI and compactness ratio of urban land were in positive correlation. The moving direction of the UHI gravity center was basically in agreement with urban land sprawl. The encroachment of urban land on suburban land is the leading source of UHI effect. The results suggest that urban design based on urban form would be effective for regulating the thermal environment.

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