scholarly journals Towards Informal Planning: Mapping the Evolution of Spontaneous Settlements in Time.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maddalena Iovene ◽  
Graciela Fernandéz De Córdova ◽  
Ombretta Romice ◽  
Sergio Porta
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Complex Adaptive System ◽  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Reference List ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Scale Reading ◽  
Modern Cities

Maddalena Iovene¹, Graciela Fernandéz De Córdova2, Ombretta Romice¹, Sergio Porta¹ ¹Urban Design Studies Unit (UDSU). Department of Architecture. University of Strathclyde. 75 Montrose Street, Glasgow, G11XJ, UK. 2Centro de Investigación de la Arquitectura y la Ciudad (CIAC), Departamento de Arquitectura, PUCP. Av. Universitaria 1801, 32 San Miguel, Lima, Peru. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected],  [email protected] Keywords (3-5): Informal Settlement, Peru, Lima, Model of Change, Urban Morphology Conference topics and scale: Reading and Regenerating the Informal City   Cities are the largest complex adaptive system in human culture and have always been changing in time according to largely unplanned patterns of development. Though urban morphology has typically addressed studies of form in cities, with emphasis on historical cases, diachronic comparative studies are still relatively rare, especially those based on quantitative analysis. As a result, we are still far from laying the ground for a comprehensive understanding of the urban form’s model of change. However, developing such understanding is extremely relevant as the cross-scale interlink between the spatial and social-economic dynamics in cities are increasingly recognized to play a major role in the complex functioning of urban systems and quality of life. We study the urban form of San Pedro de Ate, an informal settlement in Lima, Peru, along its entire cycle of development over the last seventy years. Our study, conducted through a four-months on-site field research, is based on the idea that informal settlements would change according to patterns similar to those of pre-modern cities, though at a much faster pace of growth, yet giving the opportunity to observe the evolution of an urban organism in a limited time span. To do so we first digitalize aerial photographs of five different time periods (from 1944 to 2013), to then conduct a typo-morphological analysis at five scales: a) unit, b) building, c) plot, d) block, and e) settlement (comprehensive of public spaces and street network). We identify and classify patterns of change in the settlement’s urban structure using recognised literature on pre-modern cities, thus supporting our original hypothesis. We then suggest a unitary model of analysis that we name Temporal Settlement Matrix (TSM).   Reference List Caniggia, G., & Maffei, G. L. (2008). Lettura dell’edilizia di base (Vol. 215). Alinea Editrice. Conzen, M. R. G. (1958). The growth and character of Whitby. A Survey of Whitby and the Surrounding Area, 49–89. Hernández, F., Kellett, P. W., & Allen, L. K. (2010). Rethinking the informal city: critical perspectives from Latin America (Vol. 11). Berghahn Books. Kropf, K. (2009). Aspects of urban form. Urban Morphology, 13(2), 105–120. Muratori, S. (1960). Studi per una operante storia urbana di Venezia. Palladio, 1959, 1–113. 22. Porta, S., Romice, O., Maxwell, J. A., Russell, P., & Baird, D. (2014). Alterations in scale: patterns of change in main street networks across time and space. Urban Studies, 51(16), 3383–3400. Watson, V. (2009). “The planned city sweeps the poor away…”: Urban planning and 21st century urbanisation. Progress in Planning, 72(3), 151–193. Whitehand, J. W. R. (2001). Changing suburban landscapes at the microscale. Tijdschrift Voor Economische En Sociale Geografie, 92(2), 164–184.

scholarly journals Uncovering the Morphology of Kōm ad-Dikka in Alexandria

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirhan Damir
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Residential Area ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Morphological Transformation ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Physical Impact ◽  
The City

The historical residential area of Kōm ad–Dikka in Alexandria has experienced subsequent morphological transformation since the ancient era until present. Each historical period had a physical impact on the city’s urban structure that in turn struggled to survive its successive one with its different urban conception. However, the sinuous streets of this area, which probably date back to the late Egyptian Medieval period, are characterized as the only surviving organic fabric intra–muros that was not altered during the Egyptian Modern period. This paper elaborately investigated the chronological history of the historical residential area since the ancient era until the mid—twentieth century. Based on in–depth investigation of historical maps and memoirs, it revealed the possible reasons behind its extant sinuous urban form and postulated reconstructions of its urban morphology through sequential phases.

scholarly journals From the so-called Islamic City to the Contemporary Urban Morphology: the Historic Core of Kermanshah City in Iran as a Case Study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Pakseresht ◽  
Manel Guardia Bassols
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Urban Transformation ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Provincial City ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
History Of ◽  
Urban Transformations ◽  
Social Use

Sahar Pakseresht¹, Manel Guàrdia Bassols¹ ¹ Department of Theory and History of Architecture. Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC). Av. Diagonal, 64908028 Barcelona, Tel:93-4017874 E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Keywords: Iranian city, Kermanshah, urban morphology, Islamic city, urban transformation, Modernisation Conference topics and scale: City transformations, urban form and social use of space     Pre-1920 cities in Iran are characterized by a number of features considered to be typical of the so-called “Islamic city”. A set of features are shared by traditional cities where dominated by Islam religion. The notion of “Islamic city”, often criticised for its Eurocentric nature, has guided most studies of these traditional cities. The modernisation process in so-called Islamic cities is crucial due to its serious impacts on the traditional morphology and transformation of their urban structure. We, thus, need more holistic and integrated understanding about changes of these cities derives from the modernisation process.  In order to explore the broad and wide-spread changes due to modernisation process in the traditional cities in Muslim world, it is more enlightening if we study second order cities, rather than studying the transformations of major capitals such as Cairo, Istanbul or Teheran, where interventions are goal to approach a more exceptional and rhetorical characters. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to study the historic core of Kermanshah city, to understand the link between urban transformations and social due to modernisation process by tracing it historically. We will focus, particularly, on studying the stages of urban transformation and changes of urban morphology as well as conflict and differences between traditional urban features with the modern ones. For example, we are interested in understanding how traditional morphology and structure of residential and commercial zone are affected by the opening of new and wide boulevards in course of modernisation process, and how these changes influence everyday people life.   References Kheirabadi, M. (2000). Iranian cities: formation and development. Syracuse University Press. Clarke, J. I., & Clark, B. D. (1969). Kermanshah: an Iranian provincial city (No. 10). University of Durham, Department of Geography. Bonine, M. E. (1979). THE MORPHOGENESIS OF IRANIAN CITIES∗. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 69(2), 208-224. Stefano Bianca. (2000). Urban form in the Arab world: Past and present (Vol. 46). vdf Hochschulverlag AG. Habibi, M. (1996). Az shar ta Shahr (de la Cite a la Ville). Analytical review of the city concept and its physical image in the course of time), Tehran: University of Tehran. (In Persian)

scholarly journals GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY APPROACHES IN URBAN MORPHOLOGY FOR RESILIENT URBAN GOVERNANCE

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norzailawati Mohd Noor ◽  
Marina Mohd Nor ◽  
Alias Abdullah ◽  
Rustam Khairi Zahari
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Geospatial Technology ◽  
Land Use Development

This study analysed the potential of applications of geospatial technology in urban planning research in urban morphology. Urban morphology is the study of the form of human settlements and the process of their formation and transformation. It is an approach in designing urban form that considers both physical and spatial components of the urban structure. This study was conducted in Georgetown, Penang with the main purpose to identify the evolution of urban morphology and the land use expansion using remote sensing images and Geographical Information System (GIS) technique. Four series of temporal satellite SPOT 5 J from 2004, 2007, 2009, and 2014 were used to detect an expansion of land use development using change detection technique. Three types of land use were identified, namely built-up area, unbuilt-up area, and water bodies with a good accuracy of above 85%. The result showed that the built-up area significantly increased due to the rapid development in urban area. Finally, the result provided an understanding and strengthened the relationship between urban planning and geospatial applications in creating sustainable and resilient city and future urban governance.

scholarly journals The urban form in the city of Tulcán, Carchi - Ecuador

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda María Tapia ◽  
Adolfo Vigil-de-Insausti ◽  
María Dolores Montaño
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Internal Space ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Environmental Resources ◽  
North West ◽  
The City

Yolanda Tapia¹, Adolfo Vigil de Insausti¹, María Dolores Montaño ² ¹ Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Valencia, UPV. Camino de Vera, s/n. 46022 Valencia, ²Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, PUCE. Av. 12 de Octubre 1076, Vicente Ramón Roca, Quito, Ecuador E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Keywords: Tulcán, Ecuador, urban, landscape, history Conference topics and scale: The Urban Form, “City and territory in the globalization age”   Tulcán, located north in Ecuador is the capital of the province of Carchi. It is a city especially commercial and agricultural whose urban morphology responds to historical, environmental and administrative circumstances, that is how, since 1851, the date on which the “cantonization” takes place begins the formation of the capital city with an urban structure formed in checkerboard that welcomes the traditional nucleus of the typical city of the ecuatorian highlands. With the development of this city, isolated neighborhoods are born out of the original urban fabric that expand in the territory, following the main road connections, eventually to fill the internal space with a morphology of contrasts, as each neighborhood or new occupations are structured individually without thinking of a city of integral formation. The longitudinal growth of the city was marked from its beginning by the river Bobo to the north-west and the river Tajamar to the south-east that keep the city within natural limits, which also provide certain environmental and landscape benefits, however in the the last few decades the city has had a significant growth that threatens an unattended and constantly expanding periphery to these environmental resources. We are facing a heterogeneous city, with problems and possibilities and attending to the idea that the city is an unfinished work, integral and sustainable urban regeneration is the basis for a reordering and a new urban approach. It is therefore proposed to study three strategic lines: the existing city, its internal circuits of connection and the adjacent nature. Establishing initial uses in the city, to occupy the predominant urban void and thus to activate the pubic space. Restructure mobility, which will strengthen the use of new peripheral road infrastructures to reduce motorized circuits in the interior, thus promoting the use of bicycles and the creation of pedestrian routes. Finally, environmental resources will again have the value of landscape and ecological wealth producing around the city a green infrastructure that contains growth and is the link of this with the countryside. References Beery, B. (1975) ‘Consecuencias humanas de la urbanización’, Madrid: Pirámide Hernández, A. (2001) ‘La ciudad estructurada’, en Boletín CF+S 15 Calidad de vida urbana: variedad, cohesión y medio ambiente. (http://habitat.aq.upm.es/boletin/n15/aaher.html) Huertas Nadal, D. (2012) ‘I making Heterotopías, laboratorio de estrategias urbanas’, Vitoria: Universidad Francisco Vitoria Lopez de Lucio, R. (2007) ‘Construir ciudad en la periferia’, Madrid: ETS Arquitectura (UPM) Urbanística y ordenación del territorio Solá-Morales, M. (1997) ‘Las formas del crecimiento urbano’, Barcelona:Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya

scholarly journals Urban Parcel Grouping Method Based on Urban Form and Functional Connectivity Characterisation

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
Wu ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Li ◽  
Dale ◽  
Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Functional Regions ◽  
Grouping Method ◽  
Function Discovery

The grouping of parcel data based on proximity is a pre-processing step of GIS and a key link of urban structure recognition for regional function discovery and urban planning. Currently, most literature abstracts parcels into points and clusters parcels based on their attribute similarity, which produces a large number of coarse granularity functional regions or discrete distribution of parcels that is inconsistent with human cognition. In this paper, we propose a novel parcel grouping method to optimise this issue, which considers both the urban morphology and the urban functional connectivity. Infiltration behaviours of urban components provide a basis for exploring the correlation between morphology mechanism and functional connectivity of urban areas. We measured the infiltration behaviours among adjacent parcels and concluded that the occurrence of infiltration behaviours often appears in the form of groups, which indicated the practical significance of parcel grouping. Our method employed two parcel morphology indicators: the similarity of the line segments and the compactness of the distribution. The line segment similarity was used to establish the adjacent relationship among parcels and the compactness was used to optimise the grouping result in obtain a satisfactory visual expression. In our study, constrained Delaunay triangulation, Hausdorff distance, and graph theory were employed to construct the proximity, delineate the parcel adjacency matrix, and implement the grouping of parcels. We applied this method for grouping urban parcel data of Beijing and verified the rationality of grouping results based on the quantified results of infiltration behaviours. Our method proved to take a good account of infiltration behaviours and satisfied human cognition, compared with a k-means++ method. We also presented a case using Xicheng District in Beijing to demonstrate the practicability of the method. The result showed that our method obtained fine-grained groups while ensuring functional regions-integrity.

GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY APPROACHES IN URBAN MORPHOLOGY FOR RESILIENT URBAN GOVERNANCE

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noorzailawati Mohd Noor ◽  
Marina Mohd Nor ◽  
Alias Abdullah ◽  
Rustam Khairi Zahari
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Geospatial Technology ◽  
Land Use Development

This study analysed the potential of applications of geospatial technology in urban planning research in urban morphology. Urban morphology is the study of the form of human settlements and the process of their formation and transformation. It is an approach in designing urban form that considers both physical and spatial components of the urban structure. This study was conducted in Georgetown, Penang with the main purpose to identify the evolution of urban morphology and the land use expansion using remote sensing images and Geographical Information System (GIS) technique. Four series of temporal satellite SPOT 5 J from 2004, 2007, 2009, and 2014 were used to detect an expansion of land use development using change detection technique. Three types of land use were identified, namely built-up area, unbuilt-up area, and water bodies with a good accuracy of above 85%. The result showed that the built-up area significantly increased due to the rapid development in urban area. Finally, the result provided an understanding and strengthened the relationship between urban planning and geospatial applications in creating sustainable and resilient city and future urban governance.

scholarly journals A forma urbana como problema de desempenho: o impacto de propriedades espaciais sobre o comportamento urbano

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinicius M. Netto ◽  
Romulo Krafta
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Relational Processes ◽  
City Environment ◽  
Mathematical Definitions ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Systemic Indicators

O artigo traça crítica a indicadores urbanos usuais, baseados na intensidade de presença de características ou propriedades, e aponta a necessidade de indicadores de comportamento definidos pelo conhecimento do impacto da trama de propriedades espaciais sobre as dinâmicas da cidade – indicadores verdadeiramente de desempenho, aptos a avaliara cidade como fenômeno dinâmico e relacional, no qual seus componentes e dimensões têm efeitos uns sobre os outros. Indicadores capazes de capturar, por exemplo, os modos como diferentes padrões de morfologia podem impactar a vida microeconômica, a sociabilidade urbana ou o ambiente em níveis de influência sobre tendências de menor ou maior dependência veicular na movimentação intraurbana. Para tanto, lança os fundamentos teóricos e metodológicos para um novo sistema de indicadores arranjados em dois eixos: metaindicadores de desempenho(equidade, eficiência, qualidade espacial e sustentabilidade) e dimensões urbanas(morfologia, dinâmica socioeconômica, limiares urbanos e relações cidade–ambiente). Palavras-chave: desempenho e comportamento urbano; indicadores sistêmicos; planejamento. Abstract: The present work proposes concepts and indicators intended to grasp features and effects of urban form; in fact, systemic indicators defined to tackle cityscapes as relational processes whose constituents are pervaded by mutual effects. Firstly, it brings a critique of indicators found in the literature, asserting that most indicators are feature indicators rather than performance indicators. Secondly, it advances theoretical and methodological grounds for new indicators geared to assess the impacts of urban structure on aspects of social life, equity in the access to jobs and facilities, the efficiency of locational patterns in economic interactions, and the sustainability of urban reproduction. Thirdly, anew set of indicators is proposed and arranged in two major groups: (i) performance indicators (spatial quality, urban equity, efficiency and sustainability), and (ii) meta-indicators for urban dimensions (general indicators of urban morphology, socioeconomy, criticality, and city environment relations). Finally, the paper discusses possibilities of application and further development, and brings mathematical definitions of the systemic indicators. Keywords: urban performance; systemic indicators; criticality.

scholarly journals Uncovering the Morphology of Kōm ad-Dikka in Alexandria

Heritage ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-288
Author(s):  
Mirhan Damir
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Morphological Transformation ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Physical Impact

The historical residential area of Kōm ad–Dikka in Alexandria has experienced morphological transformation from the ancient era until the present. Each historical period had a physical impact on the city’s urban structure that in turn struggled to survive the successive one with its different urban conception. However, the sinuous streets of this area, which probably date back to the late Egyptian Medieval period, are characterized as being the only surviving organic fabric intra–muros that was not altered during the Egyptian Modern period. In the absence of scientific publications regarding the history of Kōm ad–Dikka, this paper elaborately investigated its chronological history since the ancient era until the mid-twentieth century. Based on an in-depth investigation of historical maps and memoirs, this paper revealed the possible reasons behind the area’s extant sinuous urban form and postulated reconstructions of its urban morphology through sequential phases.

scholarly journals The Role of Vegetation in the Morphological Decoding of Lisbon (Portugal)

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Justo ◽  
Maria Matos Silva
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Academic Context ◽  
The Public ◽  
Urban Greenery ◽  
The City

In the academic context, especially in the fields of architecture, landscape architecture, and urbanism, urban form studies are assumed to be a vehicle for reflection on the built and unbuilt city. This essay aims to challenge the most common and stabilized morphological approaches in the city reading process, invoking vegetation and its role as an element of urban composition that is recurrently left out of it. Methodologically, this work uses the city of Lisbon to carry out a morphological characterization of different homogeneous areas based on a decomposition process of urban systems and elements. The article focuses on the reading of the public component of three homogeneous areas in Lisbon—Alfama, Avenidas and Alvalade—and specifically on the role of urban greenery as a systemic element of the formal or informal composition of the city. Through an initial systematization process reflects upon the formal attributes of vegetation and trees in particular, this research may contribute not only to the development of the discipline of urban morphology applied to the city of Lisbon but also to the acknowledgment of urban greenery as a contributor to the creation of specific, unique, and unrepeatable spaces within urban landscapes.

scholarly journals Identify Urban Spatial Patterns Based on the Plot Shapes and Building Setting in Downtown of Nanjing.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wowo Ding ◽  
Yusheng Gu ◽  
Lian Tang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Boundary Line ◽  
General Survey ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Modern Cities ◽  
Master's Thesis ◽  
The Relationship

Yusheng Gu, Lian Tang, Wowo DingSchool of Architecture & Urban Planning, Nanjing University, No.22 Hankou Rd, Jiangsu 210093, P.R.ChinaE-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]: +86 13951786797; +86 25 8359 7205Key words: Spatial Configuration, Building Pattern, Plot Pattern, Plot Boundary Line The geometric characteristics of modern cities have been difficult to describe that is important for urban design, which deserve to be further interpreted. Taking advantage of Conzen’s methodology, the building is tightly related with its plot, which means the certain building pattern can be described by examining the generation of the building arrangement within the plot. Simultaneously, the building pattern is highly affected by the plot pattern it is located. In view of these, plot patterns together with land property and site coding could be taken as the clue for understanding both building patterns and urban spatial configuration. 35 commercial blocks in Nanjing downtown areas are chosen as research samples. Firstly, the internal structure of the blocks will be studied by analyzing the patterns, functions and land utilities of its plots. Focusing on the site coding and regulation, the building arrangement could be clarified and mapped. The results will identify the urban spatial patterns in downtown of Nanjing by mapping the characteristics of plot size, shape, properties and boundary lines. Therefore, the method on describing urban spatial configuration in modern cities could be developed. References(70 words) Conzen, M.R.G.(1960) “Alnwick, Northumberland: A Study in Town Plan Analysis" , Institute of British Geographers. Conzen, Michael P. (2004) Thinking about urban form : papers on urban morphology, Peter Lang Publishing. Dongxue Wang(2016) The relationship between the space of block and the plot boundary-based on a general survey in Nanjing, Master's thesis of Nanjing University. Jingjing Jiang(2015)Commercial plots and building patterns analysis-based on a general survey in Nanjing, Master's thesis of Nanjing University.  

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