scholarly journals Physiology and modulation factors of ovulation in rabbit reproduction management

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-229
Author(s):  
Simona Mattioli ◽  
Margherita Maranesi ◽  
Cesare Castellini ◽  
Alessandro Dal Bosco ◽  
Maria Arias-Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Ovulation Induction ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Reproductive Physiology ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Hormonal Factors ◽  
Female Rabbit ◽  
Fertility Management ◽  
Reproduction Management ◽  
Hormonal Treatments

Rabbit is an induced ovulatory species, so ovulation takes place after mating. Traditionally, exogenous and synthetic hormonal factors (administered by intramuscular and intravaginal route) such as GnRH and analogues, or different physical procedures (i.e. stimulation by intravaginal cannula) have been used to induce ovulation in females when artificial insemination is applied in rabbit farms. Restriction and public rejection of the use of hormones is leading to the study of the seminal plasma components with potential action on ovulation induction. The aim of the present review is to collect and summarise the strategies used in recent years to trigger ovulation and improve rabbit fertility management with respect to more animal-friendly manipulation methods. Furthermore, special attention has been paid to the use of a semen component (as endogen molecule) such as beta nerve growth factor (β-NGF) in male and female rabbit reproductive physiology. This neurotrophin and its receptors (TrKA and p75NTR) are abundantly distributed in both male and female rabbit reproductive tracts, and it seems to have an important physiological role in sperm maturation and behaviour (velocity, apoptosis and capacitation), as well as a modulatory factor of ovulation. Endogen β-NGF is diluted in the seminal doses with the extenders; hence it could be considered an innovative and alternative strategy to avoid the current exogenous (by intramuscular route) and stressful hormonal treatments used in ovulation induction. Their addition in seminal dose could be more physiological and improve animal welfare in rabbit farms.

Oestrous cycle and gestation length in the musky rat-kangaroo, Hypsiprymnodon moschatus (Potoroidae : Marsupialia)

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Reproductive Physiology ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
Breeding Colony ◽  
Male And Female

Wild-caught male and female H. moschatus were maintained in a captive breeding colony. Vaginal smears were taken three times a week until oestrous cycles were detected and gestation lengths approximated. Thereafter, smears were usually taken daily when oestrus was expected. The gestation period (considered to be the number of days from the detection of sperm in the smear until the day young were found in the pouch) was found to last 19 days. Sperm were usually detected in the smear two days before the influx of semi-cornified and cornified epithelial cells, which occurred 17 days before parturition. A pre- or post-partum oestrus was not detected and females did not return to oestrus until at least 6 days after the removal of the last pouch young. H. moschatus has the shortest recorded gestation for any macropod, and gestation occupies approximately 75% of the oestrous cycle. The reproductive physiology of H. moschatus is similar to that of most phalangerids, which may be indicative of a common ancestor.

Differential ability of male and female rabbit fetal germ cell nuclei to be reprogrammed by nuclear transfer

1996 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 339-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Moens ◽  
Sylvie Chastant ◽  
Patrick Chesné ◽  
Jacques-Edmond Fléchon ◽  
Keith J. Betteridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Nuclear Transfer ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Rabbit ◽  
Differential Ability ◽  
Fetal Germ Cell

Fertility and subfertility

2021 ◽  
pp. 501-542
Author(s):  
Alice Denga
Keyword(s):  
Fertility Preservation ◽  
Ovulation Induction ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Nurse Specialist ◽  
Assisted Conception ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Human Fertilization

This chapter covers issues related to fertility and subfertility. It starts with lifestyle assessments that should be done as part of preconceptual care, and explains the psychological effects and counselling for subfertility alongside both male and female factors that affect difficulties in conceiving. Tests and investigations are covered for both partners, and the role of the fertility nurse specialist is defined. Ovulation induction, assisted conception, inter-uterine insemination, and IVF are all described. Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis is given a brief overview, and the chapter also explores adoption and surrogacy. Fertility preservation and the role of the Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority are covered.

Reproductive endocrinology

2021 ◽  
pp. 329-468
Author(s):  
Waljit Dhillo ◽  
Melanie Davies ◽  
Channa Jayasena ◽  
Leighton Seal
Keyword(s):  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Reproductive Physiology ◽  
Male Hypogonadism ◽  
Gonadal Function ◽  
Reproductive Endocrinology ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Menstrual Function

This chapter covers multiple aspects of reproductive endocrinology in both male and female patients. Gender dysphoria is also included. It begins with reproductive physiology, then goes on to regulation of gonadal function. Hirsuitism, PCOS, and CAH in adults are all discussed with reference to evaluation, investigation, and treatment. Menstrual function disorders are described, as is menopause and hormone replacement therapy regimens. Contraception and emergency contraception are discussed. Male hypogonadism, androgen replacement therapy, gynaecomastia, and testicular tumours are all evaluated, alongside erectile dysfunction. The investigation and management of male and female infertility are both described, alongside fertility preservation and the induction of ovulation.

scholarly journals Role of ghrelin in fertilization, early embryo development, and implantation periods

Reproduction ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 148 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenia Mercedes Luque ◽  
Pedro Javier Torres ◽  
Nicolás de Loredo ◽  
Laura María Vincenti ◽  
Graciela Stutz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Ovulation Induction ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Early Embryo Development ◽  
And Control

In order to clarify the physiological role of ghrelin in gestation, we evaluated the effects of administration of exogenous ghrelin (2 or 4 nmol/animal per day) or its antagonist (6 nmol/animal per day of (d-Lys3)GHRP6) on fertilization, early embryo development, and implantation periods in mice. Three experiments were performed, treating female mice with ghrelin or its antagonist: i) starting from 1 week before copulation to 12 h after copulation, mice were killed at day 18 of gestation; ii) since ovulation induction until 80 h later, when we retrieved the embryos from oviducts/uterus, and iii) starting from days 3 to 7 of gestation (peri-implantation), mice were killed at day 18. In experiments 1 and 3, the antagonist and/or the highest dose of ghrelin significantly increased the percentage of atrophied fetuses and that of females exhibiting this finding or a higher amount of corpora lutea compared with fetuses (nCL/nF) (experiment 3: higher nCL/nF-atrophied fetuses: ghrelin 4, 71.4–71.4% and antagonist, 75.0–62.5% vs ghrelin 2, 46.2−15.4% and control, 10–0.0%;n=7–13 females/group;P<0.01). In experiment 2, the antagonist diminished the fertilization rate, and both, ghrelin and the antagonist, delayed embryo development (blastocysts: ghrelin 2, 62.5%; ghrelin 4, 50.6%; and antagonist, 61.0% vs control 78.4%;n=82–102 embryos/treatment;P<0.0001). In experiment 3, additionally, ghrelin (4 nmol/day) and the antagonist significantly diminished the weight gain of fetuses and dams during pregnancy. Our results indicate that not only hyperghrelinemia but also the inhibition of the endogenous ghrelin effects exerts negative effects on the fertilization, implantation, and embryo/fetal development periods, supporting the hypothesis that ghrelin (in ‘adequate’ concentrations) has a physiological role in early gestational events.

scholarly journals Sensitivity to Exogenous Gonadotropins for Ovulation Induction and Laparoscopic Artificial Insemination in the Cheetah and Clouded Leopard1

1997 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 1059-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Howard ◽  
T. L. Roth ◽  
A. P. Byers ◽  
W. F. Swanson ◽  
D. E. Wildt
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Ovulation Induction
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