scholarly journals What We have Learned from Fetal Neurophysiology?

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Salihagic-Kadic ◽  
Maja Predojevic
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Obstet Gynecol ◽  
Sensory Development ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
And Function ◽  
Fetal Response

ABSTRACT The nervous system is one of the earliest emerging systems in fetal development. Due to progress of modern imaging technologies, such as ultrasound, a growing pool of information on the development of the central nervous system (CNS) and fetal behavioral patterns has been made available. The major events in the development of the CNS, fetal motor and sensory development as well as fetal response to stress are discussed in this review. The fetus is not entirely protected from harmful influence of the external factors. Postnatal follow-up studies have showed that many environmental influences causing the fetal stress can interfere with the fetal neurodevelopment and leave long-term and profound consequences on brain structure and function. How to cite this article SalihagićKadić A, Predojevic M. What We have Learned from Fetal Neurophysiology? Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012;6(2):179-188.

scholarly journals Fetal Neurology: The Role of Fetal Stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Salihagic Kadic
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Development ◽  
Behavioral Alterations ◽  
Intrauterine Environment ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disorders ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
And Function ◽  
Fetal Response

ABSTRACT Fetal development and growth, as well as the timing of birth is influenced by the intrauterine environment. Many environmental factors causing the fetal stress can interfere with fetal development and leave long-term and profound consequences on health. Fetal glucocorticoid overexposure has primarily significant consequences for the development of the central nervous system. In response to an adverse intrauterine conditions, the fetus is able to adapt its physiology to promote survival. However, these adaptations can result in permanent changes in tissue and organ structure and function that directly ‘program’ predisposition to disease. Cardiometabolic disorders, behavioral alterations and neuropsychiatric impairments in adulthood and/ or childhood may have their roots in the fetal period of life. Fetal response to stress and its prenatal and lifelong consequences are discussed in this review. How to cite this article Kadić AS. Fetal Neurology: The Role of Fetal Stress. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015;9(1):30-39.

scholarly journals Tumors of the Central Nervous System: An Update

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2507
Author(s):  
Carla Mucignat-Caretta
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
And Function ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
The Brain

The brain may be affected by a variety of tumors of different grade, which originate from different cell types at distinct locations, thus impacting on the brain structure and function [...]

Natural Products for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (34) ◽  
pp. 5790-5828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ze Wang ◽  
Chunyang He ◽  
Jing-Shan Shi
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Progressive Degeneration ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
And Function

Neurodegenerative diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by the progressive degeneration of the structure and function of the central nervous system or peripheral nervous system. Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) are the common neurodegenerative diseases, which typically occur in people over the age of 60. With the rapid development of an aged society, over 60 million people worldwide are suffering from these uncurable diseases. Therefore, the search for new drugs and therapeutic methods has become an increasingly important research topic. Natural products especially those from the Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs), are the most important sources of drugs, and have received extensive interest among pharmacist. In this review, in order to facilitate further chemical modification of those useful natural products by pharmacists, we will bring together recent studies in single natural compound from TCMs with neuroprotective effect.

scholarly journals Self-buffering capacity of a human sulfatase for central nervous system delivery

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Wen ◽  
Nazila Salamat-Miller ◽  
Keethkumar Jain ◽  
Katherine Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
The Self ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Formulation Design ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Therapeutic Enzymes ◽  
Intrathecal Space

AbstractDirect delivery of therapeutic enzymes to the Central Nervous System requires stringent formulation design. Not only should the formulation design consider the delicate balance of existing ions, proteins, and osmolality in the cerebrospinal fluid, it must also provide long term efficacy and stability for the enzyme. One fundamental approach to this predicament is designing formulations with no buffering species. In this study, we report a high concentration, saline-based formulation for a human sulfatase for its delivery into the intrathecal space. A high concentration formulation (≤ 40 mg/mL) was developed through a series of systematic studies that demonstrated the feasibility of a self-buffered formulation for this molecule. The self-buffering capacity phenomenon was found to be a product of both the protein itself and potentially the residual phosphates associated with the protein. To date, the self-buffered formulation for this molecule has been stable for up to 4 years when stored at 5 ± 3 °C, with no changes either in the pH values or other quality attributes of the molecule. The high concentration self-buffered protein formulation was also observed to be stable when exposed to multiple freeze–thaw cycles and was robust during in-use and agitation studies.

scholarly journals Diagnosis, treatment, and misdiagnosis analysis of 28 cases of central nervous system echinococcosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guojia Du ◽  
Yandong Li ◽  
Pan Wu ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Riqing Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Surgical Treatments

Abstract Background To explore central nervous system (CNS) involvement in this disease, from the perspectives of diagnosis, treatment, and misdiagnosis Methods Twenty-eight patients with CNS echinococcosis were included in this retrospective study, including 18 males (64.3%) and 10 (35.7%) females. The average age of all the patients were 23.5 years (ranged 4–60 years). Twenty-three (23) patients (82.1%) received the first surgical resection in our hospital. Five (5) patients (17.9%) gave up surgical treatment for multiple-organ hydatidosis and previous surgery history at other hospitals, and albendazole was applied for a long-term (3–6 months) adjunct therapy for the 5 patients. The average follow-up time was 8 years. Results For the 28 patients, 23 cases received surgical treatments, and the diagnosis was confirmed by pathological examinations. The diagnosis of 4 cases of brain echinococcosis and 2 cases of spinal cord echinococcosis could not be confirmed, resulting in a misdiagnosis rate of 21.4% (6/28). For the pathological examination, a total of 17 cases were infected with Echinococcus granulosus (including 2 cases of spinal cord echinococcosis), and 6 cases were infected with Echinococcus alveolaris. Conclusion The diagnosis should be specifically considered in endemic regions. The clinical features of CNS hydatidosis were intracranial space-occupying lesions. For the treatment, the surgical removal of cysts should be necessary. In addition, the adjuvant therapy with drug and intraoperative prophylaxis is also suggested. The misdiagnosis may have resulted from atypical clinical features and radiographic manifestations, as well as the accuracy of hydatid immunologic test.

Lung Structure And Function Relation In Elastase-Treated Rats: A Long-Term Follow Up Study

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margit V. Szabari ◽  
Jozsef Tolnai ◽  
Balazs Maar ◽  
Harikrishnan Parameswaran ◽  
Elizabeth Bartolak-Suki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Function ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Lung Structure ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
And Function ◽  
Function Relation

Solitary Fibrous Tumors in the Central Nervous System

2003 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarik Tihan ◽  
Michael Viglione ◽  
Marc K. Rosenblum ◽  
Alessandro Olivi ◽  
Peter C. Burger
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Clinicopathologic Features ◽  
Distinct Entity ◽  
Total Resection ◽  
Solitary Fibrous Tumors ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Extracranial Metastases

Abstract Context.—Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) of the central nervous system are rare neoplasms that usually present as dura-based masses and clinically resemble meningiomas. Histologically, they can be similar to fibrous meningioma or hemangiopericytoma (HPC). In particular, densely cellular regions seen in some SFTs can be indistinguishable from HPC. Little is known about the biological behavior of SFTs, although most seem amenable to total resection. Objectives.—To define the clinicopathologic spectrum of SFTs in the central nervous system and to outline their differences from HPC and meningioma. Design.—We present the clinicopathologic features of 18 patients with SFT and compare them with those of an age- and sex-matched cohort of HPCs. Results.—Eleven SFTs were supratentorial, 3 were infratentorial, and 4 were intraspinal. Four of the 18 tumors were intra-axial (2 in the lateral ventricles and 2 within the spinal cord). Histologically, SFTs were similar to their soft tissue counterparts. Six tumors (6/18) had densely cellular regions, and 1 tumor showed frankly anaplastic features. All but 3 patients underwent gross total resection, and there were no metastases or tumor-related mortalities during the median follow-up of 40 months. In contrast, there were 15 local recurrences (83%), 5 extracranial metastases (27%), and 4 tumor-related deaths (22%) in the HPC cohort. Conclusions.—Our study presents the clinicopathologic features of SFT as a distinct entity from both meningioma and HPC. We also present unusual examples of anaplastic, intraventricular, and intramedullary spinal SFTs that expand the clinicopathologic spectrum of these uncommon and sometimes diagnostically difficult neoplasms.

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