scholarly journals Study of the Inferior Alveolar Canal and Mental Foramen on Digital Panoramic Images

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos M Pria ◽  
Farah Masood ◽  
Joy M Beckerley ◽  
Robert E Carson
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Histogram Equalization ◽  
Mental Foramen ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Panoramic Images ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Canal ◽  
The Right ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Gray Values

ABSTRACT Objectives To study the radiographic location of the mental foramen and appearance of the inferior alveolar canal and the relationship between image gray values and the clarity of inferior alveolar canal on the digital panoramic images and to evaluate if the histogram equalization of the digital image would improve the visualization of the inferior alveolar canal outline on the digital panoramic images in the mandible. Methods Five hundred digital panoramic images were evaluated by two examiners using a specific inclusion criteria. Only the right side of the mandible was studied. Chi-square analyses were used for comparisons of distributions. Mean and median pixel values were analyzed separately with a one-way analysis of variance. Also, percentages were calculated to report the usefulness of the histogram equalization for visualization of canal. Results Results show variation in location of mental foramen. Most frequent location of the mental foramen was reported as first and second premolar region. Chi-square analysis showed that the frequency of occurrence of the mental foramen was equally probable for any of the three locations. The study did not find significant usefulness of the gray values obtained from the histogram equalization in predicting the clarity of inferior alveolar canal outlines. Clinical significance Knowing the normal relationship and the anatomical variation of the maxillofacial structures for each patient is important for surgical implant treatment planning to avoid future complications. It is also important to be familiar with the advantages and limitations of diagnostic aids available before making treatment planning decisions based on such findings. How to cite this article Pria CM, Masood F, Beckerley JM, Carson RE. Study of the Inferior Alveolar Canal and Mental Foramen on Digital Panoramic Images. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(4):265-271.

scholarly journals Utilization of MCH handbooks and attitudes of pregnant women regarding pregnancy and childbirth complications

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Dian Irawati ◽  
Agustin Dwi Syalfina
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Right ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives: Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) is closely related to maternal care. MMR in Indonesia based on the 2015 IDHS is 359 per 100,000 live births. By increasing the utilization of MCH handbooks, MMR would be decline. Therefore, this research investigated the relationship between of the utilization of MCH handbooks and attitudes pregnant women regarding pregnancy and childbirth complications.Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross sectional research with 54 pregnant women during March - June 2018 at the Sooko Health Center, Mojokerto. The independent variable was the utilization of MCH handbooks and the dependent variable was the attitude of pregnan women regarding pregnancy and childbirth complications. Data analysis included descriptive and bivariate analysis.Results: The results showed that 79.6% of respondents used the MCH handbook well. The results of the chi square analysis test showed a p value of 0.027 (<0.05).Conclusion: MCH handbook utilization effected the attitude of pregnant women regarding the complication of pregnancy and childbirth. Pregnant women who read and utilize MCH handbook would be have better alertness about the risk of complication so they would make the right decision for their pregnancy.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Intermental Foramina Distance among Malaysian Population by using Orthopantomogram Radiograph

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Jasim Aljuboori ◽  
Hussien Ali Al-Wakeel ◽  
Lor Yen Fang ◽  
Navenithamaria Eirutharajan ◽  
Santhanalaxmi A Balachandran
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Mental Foramen ◽  
P Value ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Malaysian Population ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Malay Population ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACT Objectives Previous studies showed there were variations in the interforamina distance of mental foramen between races. The aim of our study is to determine the interforamina distance of mental foramen among Malaysian populations. Materials and methods A total of 503 orthopantomogram (OPG) radiographs were observed. Interexaminer calibration was estimated using the Kappa-Cohen formula. A sheet of transparent paper was superimposed on the panoramic film and the mental foramen was traced on it by using a fine marker pen. A vertical line marking the midline was drawn passing between the maxillary central incisors, the mandibular central incisors, or the nasal septum by using a ruler. The distance of the mental foramen from the midline was then recorded from both the left and the right side. The data were analyzed using chi-square test. Results According to our inclusion and exclusion criteria, 110 OPGs have been excluded and 393 OPGs were selected. In the Malay population, the most common interforamina distance for a male is between 55 and 60+ mm (n= 73, 54.8%). Also, the most common interforamina distance for a female is 55 to 60+ mm (n = 84, 50%). In the Chinese population, the most common interformina distance for a male is between 55 and 60+ mm (n=60, 66.8%). Similarly, the most common interforamina distance for a female is between 55 and 60+ mm (n= 73, 53.8%). Among the Indian population, the most common interforamina distance for a male falls between 55 and 60+ mm (n= 53, 43.4%) and for a female as well (n=50, 54%). According to the chi-square test, the results show that the study is statistically insignificant since the p-value is >0.05 for both the male and female population. Conclusion There is no relationship between the interforamina distance and the ethnicity. The most common interforamina distance for all the races falls between 55 and 60+ mm. How to cite this article Al-Juboori MJ, Saini R, Al-Wakeel HA, Fang LY, Eirutharajan N, Balachandran SA. Evaluation of the Intermental Foramina Distance among Malaysian Population by using Orthopantomogram Radiograph. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2016;5(2):118-122.

scholarly journals ANTHROPOMETRY OF THE EXTERNAL EAR AMONG ADULT IJAWS IN BAYELSA STATE OF NIGERIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
E. I. Edibamode ◽  
K. Mordi ◽  
L. K. David ◽  
A. M. Eghoi
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
External Ear ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Background. External ear measurement is of utmost importance in reconstructive surgeries. Objectives. The present study is aimed at ascertaining sexual dimorphism in external ear anthropometry and ear lobe attachments among adults Ijaws in Bayelsa, Nigeria. Methods. A total of 112 adults within the age range of 18-50 yrs, who met the inclusion criteria, were involved in the study. Four linear dimensions of the ear, which are ear length (EL), ear width (EW), lobular length (LL) and lobular width (LW), were measured for both genders. The lobular attachment for both ears for males and females were also examined and results recorded. These data were subjected to Student t-test, Chi-square test, and Pearson’s correlation using SPSS version 20.0. Results. The mean values for EL, EW, LL, and LW for the left auricle in the males and females were 58.14±0.60, 27.41±0.37, 14.47±0.27, 13.50±0.34 and 57.90±0.16, 27.45±0.65, 15.41±0.31, 13.43±0.38 respectively. However, for the right auricle in the males and females, the values were 58.40±0.45, 28.21±0.68, 14.32±0.31, 13.04±0.32, and 56.66±1.10, 27.51±0.65, 15.58±0.29, 13.28±0.34 respectively. The left and right lobular length were the only parameters that proved statistical significance (p<0.05) in females compare to males. Pearson’s correlations between right and left sides for each of the parameters were positive and significant. Chi-square analysis revealed no significant relationship (p>0.05) between earlobe attachments and gender. Conclusions. Sexual dimorphism was thus established in the Ijaw population as regards lobular length dimensions. It is believed that the results of this study would be very useful for ear morphology and reconstructive surgeries.

scholarly journals Left isn't always right: placement of pictorial and textual package elements

2013 ◽  
Vol 115 (8) ◽  
pp. 1211-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Otterbring ◽  
Poja Shams ◽  
Erik Wästlund ◽  
Anders Gustafsson
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Detection Time ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Previous Design ◽  
The Right ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate how the positioning of textual and pictorial design elements on a package affects visual attention (detection time) toward these element types.Design/methodology/approachThe study has a 3×2 (stimulus×location) between‐subjects design. One pictorial and two textual package elements, located on the top right‐ or top left‐hand side of a package, were used as stimuli. Visual attention was measured by eye‐tracking. A total of 199 university students participated. The data were analysed using a two‐way ANOVA and a Pearson's chi‐square analysis with standardised residuals.FindingsThe results show that in order to receive the most direct attention, textual elements should be on the left‐hand side of a package, whereas pictorial elements should be on the right‐hand side. This is inconsistent with previous design directions (based on recall), suggesting the opposite element organisation.Originality/valuePrevious research has focused on recall (whether respondents remember having seen package elements) or preference (whether respondents prefer a package based on element positioning). The focus of the present study determined whether respondents actually saw the different elements on a package, and how long it took them to detect such elements. Detection time for certain element types can be viewed as a new and complementary way of evaluating the position of package elements. The paper also addresses whether preference is a result of easy information acquisition.

Foot Breadth in Children—Its Relationship to Limb Dominance and Age

Foot & Ankle ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.C. Didia ◽  
E.A. Nyenwe
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Test Of Significance ◽  
The Right ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Limb Dominance

A total of 996 school pupils between the ages of 5 and 12 yr were studied for the relationship between foot breadth and limb dominance. The test of significance and chi-square analysis were used in the calculation. Limb dominance is divided into upper limb dominance (handedness) and lower limb dominance (footedness). No asymetry or difference was found between the right and left foot ( P < 0.69) in terms of foot breadth. A significant correlation between limb dominance and foot breadth was not found ( P < 0.01). An ipsolateral relationship exists between the two forms of limb dominance—92.37% of right handers are right footed while 51.85% of left handers are left footed. As an offshot of this work an equation for the estimation of a child's age from his foot breadth is given.

scholarly journals Anatomical Variations of the Paranasal Sinuses and the Nasal Cavity

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Kundan Kumar Shrestha ◽  
K Acharya ◽  
RR Joshi ◽  
S Maharjan ◽  
D Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
P Value ◽  
Deviated Nasal Septum ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Sinonasal Symptoms

Computed tomography (CT) of the para-nasal sinuses (PNS) has nowadays become the investigation of choice for the diagnosis of sinonasal diseases. Numerous sinonasal anatomic variants exist and are frequently seen on CT scans. A sound knowledge of these variations is important not only for diagnosis but also for planning surgery in order to avoid complications. The aim of this study is to investigate the frequency of these variations in patients with sinonasal symptoms and also to determine their relation to sinonasal disease if any. A total of 76 patients were included in the study from August 2017 to July 2018 of which 43 (56.6%) were males and while 33 (43.4%) were females with male to female ratio of 1.3:1. The ages of patients ranged from 14 to 72 years with a mean age of 33.2±14.2 years. Out of 76 patients, 68 (89.5%) had at least one type of anatomical variation while 8 (10.5%) had no variation. Only one variation was seen in 39 (51.3%) patients while 29 (38.2%) had two or more variations. The most common variant was deviated nasal septum (DNS), occurring in 49 (64.5%) patients followed by concha bullosa (CB) and agger nasi cell (AN) seen in 15 (19.7%) and 14 (18.4%) patients respectively. Genderwise, anatomical variations were seen more in males but the difference was not statistically significant. Some variations were seen more on the right side while others on the left. Some variations were present bilaterally. The difference was not statistically significant. The presence of DNS was statistically significant in the study population (p value 0.012 in nonparametric chi square test). The age group 14 to 30 years showed maximum variations though not significant statistically. Therefore, during management of patients with sinonasal symptoms, these variations need to be addressed, if required, surgically. Proper knowledge of both common and uncommon sinonasal variations in our community could help in better surgical planning and overall management of sinonasal disorders.

scholarly journals The Age- and Gender-wise Assessment of the Position and Shape of Mental Foramen in Patients’ Panoramic Radiography

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 806-817
Author(s):  
Hamzeh Ekran ◽  
◽  
Amin Ghanbarnejad ◽  
Masomeh Afsa‌ ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Foramen ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Panoramic Images ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Right ◽  
Posterior Position ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Background and Aim: Recognizing the position of the Mental Foramen (MF) is essential in numerous cases, such as anesthesia injection and periapical surgeries in the anterior region of the mandible. Furthermore, the diversity in the location and position of MF can develop problems during surgery in this region. Methods & Materials: The present study examined anatomical landmarks based on panoramic radiographic images obtained in Bandar Abbas City, Iran. In total, 450 panoramic radiographic images of men and women were assessed. All explored images were converted to JPEG format and entered in real size in Auto CAD software (2014). The collected data were analyzed in SPSS by one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Student’s t-test, and Chi-squared test. Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.HUMS.REC.1394.189). Results: The obtained data revealed that the mean distance from the MF to the lower edge of the mandible on the right and left was 10.53 mm and 10.51 mm, respectively. The mean distance from the MF to the posterior side of the mandible equaled 49.36 mm on the right and 48.72 mm on the left. Moreover, the mean distance of MF to the midline of the lower jaw on the right and left was calculated as 27.16 and 26.27 mm, respectively. Furthermore, in most cases, the anterior-posterior position of MF was symmetrical concerning anatomical landmarks. The anterior-posterior distance of MF to mandibular midline was significantly different between the explored males and females (P<0.001). There was no significant gender-wise difference in the shape of the MF (P=0.89). Conclusion: The present research results signified that the most frequent anterior-posterior position of the MF is between the apex of the first and second premolars. Furthermore, the most prevalent shape of MF is oval per panoramic images.

scholarly journals Dental intervention perspective: Anatomical Variation of Mental and Mandibular Foramen in Selected Malay Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safar Sumit Bunyarit ◽  
Rozaida Poh Yuen Ying ◽  
Bazliah Abdul Kadir ◽  
Munirah Mohd Nizam ◽  
MM Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Mental Foramen ◽  
Occlusal Plane ◽  
Mandibular Foramen ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dental Intervention ◽  
The Right ◽  
Almost All

Background: Anatomical structures of head are essential to carry out almost all of dental procedures. In this regard to study the variation of mental and mandibular foramens are prerequisite for the intervention of clinical dentistry. The study was undertaken to determine the anatomical position of the mental foramen (mF) and mandibular foramen (MF) and their relationship.Methods and Methods: Eighty-seven selected Malay patients were examined at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Dental Clinics in which 34 were male and 53 were female. The size and position of the mF in relation to tooth position were recorded. The size and position of the MF were recorded based on the horizontal and vertical dimensions consisting of reference point’s namely anterior and posterior border of ascending border of ramus as well as mandibular notch and lower border of mandibular ramus, respectively.Results: The mF was found to be most in line with second premolar (49%) on both sides in both sexes. The size of mF was larger on the right side and in male (p<0.05). The size of MF on the right and left side for both male and female did not differ significantly (p>0.05). The mean distance between the MF to occlusal plane was 10 mm (SD ±1.56) for both sides. There was no significant difference between mF and MF position (p>0.05).Conclusion: In the Malay population, anatomical relationship and variation between mental and mandibular foramen were not found to be significant. The information would be useful in dental intervention of the clinicians.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(3) 2016 p.450-454

scholarly journals Accessory Mental Foramen of the Mandible Found With Radiographic Images: A Case Report

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-92
Author(s):  
Md Humalun Kabir ◽  
Parimal Chandra Mallick ◽  
AFM Sarwar ◽  
Hasan Mohammad Rizvi
Keyword(s):  
Panoramic Radiography ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Mandibular Canal ◽  
Mental Foramen ◽  
Nerve Blocks ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Accessory Mental Foramen ◽  
Sagittal Image ◽  
Periapical Diseases ◽  
The Right

The object of this study is to present a case of an accessory mental foramen. Detection of the position of mental foramen is important during surgical procedures in terms of achieving effective mandibular nerve blocks and avoiding injuries to the neurovascular bundles. A 64-year-o1d man visited us for taking treatment. Preoperative panoramic radiography and CT were conducted. A multi-section reconstructed sagittal image showed two mental foramina leading to the mandibular canal on the right side of the mandible, which were considered to be double mental foramina. Although no surgical procedure was planned, the patient was informed about the existence and importance of the anatomical variation with regard to the need for local anesthesia, diagnosis of periapical diseases, and the prevention of nerve damage during surgery in that area of his mandibleJ Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2014; 6(2):90-92

scholarly journals STUDY OF THE ANATOMY OF THE MENTAL FORAMEN USING CONE-BEAM COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
Irina Shelegova ◽  
Artur Heigetyan ◽  
Dar'ya Vazhenina ◽  
Natal'ya Nurieva
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Mental Foramen ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Cortical Plate ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
The Right

Subject. The article discusses the possibilities of cone-beam computed tomography in the study of the anatomy of the mental foramen: size, shape, topography, as well as the optical density of bone tissue at the mental foramen. The goal is to investigate the size, shape and topography of the mental foramen, as well as the optical density of bone tissue in it using cone-beam computed tomography. Methodology. The computed tomograms of the lower jaws of 26 patients were analyzed, according to which the vertical and horizontal dimensions of the mental openings were measured on the right and left, the number and sizes of additional mental openings, their location according to the Tebo and Telford classification, and the bone mineral density under the mental opening were determined. Statistical analysis was carried out using Microsoft Excel, Windows 9. Results. The resulting average dimensions of the right (4.01x3.93 mm) and left (3.81x3.95) mental holes confirm the results of more extensive studies done earlier. In the first case (1.9 %), an anatomical variation of the mental opening was revealed: 3 holes with dimensions 2.1×2.1 mm, 2.0×0.9, and 1.9×2.4. The symmetrical location of the chin foramen was found in 15 patients (57.7 %). In most cases, types III (25 %) and IV (53.84 %) of the location of the mental opening were identified. The average optical density of bone tissue under the mental foramen on the right side was 1618.9±145.1 HU, on the left ― 1571.64±159.64. There were no significant differences in the optical density of bone tissue for types II―IV of the location of the mental foramen. Conclusions. A significant variability in the topography of the mental foramen was revealed, in this regard, methods of mental anesthesia with a personalized approach, for example, the method of anesthesia of the intraosseous part of the chin nerve, are becoming relevant (authors Rabinovich S.A., Vasiliev Yu.L., Tsybulkin A.G.). High values of the optical density of bone tissue at the mental foramen confirm the ineffectiveness of diffusion of anesthetics through the cortical plate.

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