scholarly journals Role of Ultrasound in the Diagnosis and Differentiation between Inflammatory and Cystic Swellings of Head and Neck Region

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Head And Neck Region ◽  
Ultrasonographic Diagnosis ◽  
Intergroup Comparison ◽  
Neck Lesion ◽  
Solid Lesions

ABSTRACT Ultrasound means the form of sound energy beyond the audible range. Ultrasonography (USG) is a safe and reliable method of examination that causes little patient discomfort and provides valuable information concerning size, location, internal nature of soft tissue masses in oral and neck lesion. Ultrasound is capable of differentiating cystic from solid lesions. The aim of this study was to compare the ultrasonographic differentiation of inflammatory swelling and cystic swelling with each other in head and neck regions. Intergroup comparison was also carried out in the study. For this single-blind cross-sectional study, 45 cases with clinically obvious swelling in head and neck region were selected randomly. Following clinical and ultrasonographic diagnosis and appropriate further investigations, surgical intervention was carried out. After considering the results of all 45 cases of the present study, it can be concluded that clinical diagnosis had a sensitivity and accuracy of 85.71%, whereas ultrasonographic diagnosis had a sensitivity and accuracy of 98.57%. How to cite this article Chandak RM, Chandak MG, Rawlani SM. Role of Ultrasound in the Diagnosis and Differentiation between Inflammatory and Cystic Swellings of Head and Neck Region. J Contemp Dent 2016;6(2):117-124.

scholarly journals Prevalence of p-16 Positive Laryngeal and Pharyngeal Tumors in Nepalese Population: A Hospital based Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (229) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bigyan Raj Gyawali ◽  
Kunjan Acharya ◽  
Ravindra Sapkota ◽  
Dharma Kanta Baskota ◽  
Bimal Kumar Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Acute Tonsillitis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Head And Neck Region ◽  
Tumor Group ◽  
P16 Expression ◽  
P16 Overexpression

Introduction: P16 overexpression is considered as a good prognostic marker for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. However, there are very few literatures on the prevalence and outcomes of p16 overexpression in non-oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and benign head and neck tumors. The aim of our study was to estimate the hospital based prevalence of p16 positive laryngeal and pharyngeal tumors and to compare it with the prevalence of p16 expression in the non tumor tissue (tonsils). Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Cases of all genders >15 years presenting with malignant or benign tumors of larynx and all the subsites of pharynx were included in the study for evaluation of p16 expression by immunohistochemistry. Tonsillar tissue of cases undergoing tonsillectomy for recurrent acute tonsillitis were taken as non-tumorous tissue to evaluate for p16 expression. Results: A total of 48 cases were included in our study with 24 cases having different tumors of head and neck region and 24 cases having recurrent acute tonsillitis who were kept under non-tumor group. Eight cases (33.3%) in the tumor group showed positive stain for p16 in IHC. In non tumor group, 7 cases (29.1%) showed positive IHC staining for p16. Conclusions: P16 expression can be present in both benign and malignant tumors of various subsites of head and neck region and also in tonsillar tissue affected by inflammation.    

scholarly journals A clinical study of tuberculous cervical lymphadenopathy: surgeon’s perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiran Patel
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cervical Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Severity Of Illness ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Excision Biopsy ◽  
Primary Malignancy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Head And Neck Region

Background: Cervical lymphadenopathy is common in this country. There are many causes of cervical lymphadenopathy like, malignancies, infections, autoimmune disorders, iatrogenic, and other miscellaneous conditions. There are more chances of wrong clinical diagnosis in case  of lymphadenopathy than any other diseases. The present study was planned with the objective to study the clinical presentation of tuberculous cervical lymphadenopathy.Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional study was undertaken with inclusion of all cases of cervical lymphadenopathy attending the department of general surgery. The patients with cervical lymphadenopathy irrespective of age, sex, caste, religion, socio-economic status, duration and severity of illness were included in this study. The patients with primary malignancy, patients with clinical features of suspected malignancy like obvious growth or ulcer in head and neck region and pregnant women were excluded from the study.Results: Total 130 patients presented with cervical lymphadenopathy during the study duration. Infective etiology was the commonest (55, 42.31%) cause for the cervical lymphadenopathy followed by TB (50, 38.46%). The commonest age group affected by tuberculous cervical lymphadenopathy (TCL) was 20-35 years. The females (29, 58.00%) were more affected with TCL as compared to males (21, 42.00%). A majority of the patients (45, 90.00%) had unilateral TCL. Commonly involved lymph node group was level V (26, 52.00%). Other than excision biopsy (12 patients), no other type of surgery was needed in patients.Conclusions: Though, anti-tuberculous chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment for TCL, surgical treatment is more useful in selected cases. In this regard, early diagnosis and treatment are critical in lowering the overall prevalence. Therefore, it is important that surgeons are aware of tuberculosis in the head and neck region.

The role of surgery and radiotherapy in treatment of soft tissue sarcomas of the head and neck region: Review of 30 cases

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merdan Fayda ◽  
Gorkem Aksu ◽  
Fulya Yaman Agaoglu ◽  
Ahmet Karadeniz ◽  
Emin Darendeliler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Head And Neck Region

scholarly journals The role of immunohistochemistry for diagnosing undifferentiated malignancy in the head and neck region

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sowkat Hossain ◽  
S M Mahbubul Alam ◽  
Sk Md Jaynul Islam ◽  
Wasim Selimul Haque ◽  
Shamoli Yasmin
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Cervical Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Head And Neck Region

Background: Undifferentiated tumours in the head and neck region are not uncommon. They can arise from different sites like in mucosa as well as in salivary glands, soft tissues or lymph nodes. Histopathological examination plays a central role in the diagnosis but difficulties arise with some tumours which are poorlydifferentiated due to their high inter- and intra-observer variability. In those cases, immunohistochemistry has greatly assisted to diagnose the tumours that cannot be accurately identified using routine histopathological procedures. The correct histopathological diagnosis is essential especially in case of malignant tumourwhere subsequent specific therapy is required. The aim of this study was to determine the role of immunohistochemistry for diagnosing undifferentiated malignancy in the head and neck region. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted during July 2014 to June 2015. A total of 35 Bangladeshi patient’s specimens of head and neck swelling were collected from two renowned laboratories in Dhaka city.These cases were diagnosed as undifferentiated tumour in histopathological examination.Standard protocol was followed for immunohistochemistry.Then primary immunohistochemical panel which included the markers for Epithelial CK (AE1/AE3),mesenchymal marker (Vimentin) and lymphoid marker (LCA) were used.The cases which were not resolved by primary immunohistochemistry panel, the second panel was applied for further sub classification (Desmin, Chromogranin, CK20, CEA, CD20, CD30, HMB45, NSE). Based on interpretation of immunohistochemical findings final diagnoses were made.Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for Windows version 22.0 (SPSS, Chicago, Illinois, USA). Results: A total of 35 undifferentiated tumorsof head-neck region were studied.The mean age was 46.3±17.6 years and male to female ratio was 4.8:1. The majority 13 (37.1%) patient had cervical lymphadenopathy, 11 (31.4%) had neck mass and 4(11.4%) had in nasal/sinonasal mass.Regarding histopathologicalcell types, round cell was 21 (60.0%), spindle cell 6 (17.1%), pleomorphic cells 6(17.1%) and epithelioid cells 2(5.7%). In initial histopathological examination, majority 25(71.4%) were undifferentiated malignant neoplasm, 8(22.8%) were metastatic undifferentiated carcinoma, 1(2.9%) was pleomorphic sarcoma and the remaining 1(2.9%) had malignant adnexal tumour. By application of immunohistochemistry, most (33, 94.3%) of the cases were resolved and the two cases remained unresolved. Among the resolved cases majority (15, 45.5%) were lymphoma, 4(12.1%) were metastatic carcinoma, 3(9.1%) were Ewing’s sarcoma and malignant melanoma were found in 3(9.1%) cases. Conclusion: This study supports that the immunohistochemical technique has a fundamental role in the investigation of undifferentiated tumour origin, to determine the correct guidance for treatment and improving the prognosis for head and neck tumour patients. Birdem Med J 2020; 10(1): 48-53

scholarly journals Congenital Infantile Fibrosarcoma of the Tongue: Case Report and Review of the Literature

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Lee ◽  
Jennifer Ha ◽  
Shyan Vijayasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Complete Resection ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Head And Neck Region ◽  
Infantile Fibrosarcoma ◽  
Neo Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Introduction: Congenital infantile fibrosarcoma is often misdiagnosed. It may be more common than noted in the literature. We present an unusual case of paediatric head and neck fibrosarcoma. Methods: Restrospective case report and literature review. Results: We report the surgical management of a fibrosarcoma of the tongue in an 8-month-old child where neo-adjuvant chemotherapy was unsuccessful. Conclusion: Surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment, in the head and neck region where critical structures are close to the tumour, complete resection with wide margins can be difficult. The role of chemotherapy is yet to be defined.

scholarly journals Role of sclerotherapy in management of low flow vascular malformations

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1234
Author(s):  
Manpreet Kaur ◽  
Parul Sachdeva ◽  
Rajan Syal ◽  
Savijot Singh
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Complete Regression ◽  
Head And Neck Region ◽  
Life Threatening

Background: Low flow vascular malformations are most common in the head and neck region. Only symptomatic malformations require treatment. Sclerotherapy followed by surgery was considered the gold standard treatment but in the head and neck region, it may produce cosmetic and physiological defects. In the present study, multiple injections of sclerotherapy with 3% sodium tetradecyl sulphate was used for the treatment of low flow vascular malformations.Methods: Twenty cases of low flow vascular malformations of the oral cavity who presented in the outpatient department of ESIC Model Hospital, Ludhiana from 2014-2016 were selected for the study. Only significantly sized (>4 cm) and easily accessible lesions were included. Staged sequential sclerotherapy with 3% STS under strict fluoroscopy control was used as the sole treatment.Results: A total of 20 patients were taken of which, 25% required three sessions, 65% five to six sessions each and 10% required eight sessions each. All patients showed good results with complete regression and no mucosal ulceration.Conclusions: Staged sequential sclerotherapy with 3% STS should be the treatment of choice in low flow vascular lesions involving mucosal and cutaneous structures of head and neck region especially anterior two-thirds of tongue, palate, gingiva, buccal mucosa and lips. Surgical removal may affect critical neurovascular structures and cause cosmetic deformity. So the removal is advisable in life-threatening conditions, lesions requiring general anaesthesia and single sitting removal.

Head and neck schwannomas – a 10 year review

2000 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Colreavy ◽  
P. D. Lacy ◽  
J. Hughes ◽  
D. Bouchier-Hayes ◽  
P. Brennan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Treatment Modality ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Autonomic Nerve ◽  
Benign Lesions ◽  
Head And Neck Region

Schwannomas of the head and neck are uncommon tumours that arise from any peripheral, cranial or autonomic nerve. Twenty-five to 45 per cent of extracranial schwannomas occur in the head and neck region and thus are usually in the domain of the otolaryngologist. They usually present insidiously and thus are often diagnosed incorrectly or after lengthy delays, however, better imaging and cytological techniques have lessened this to some degree more recently. For benign lesions conservative surgical excision is the treatment of choice bearing in mind possible vagal or sympathetic chain injury. Malignant schwannomas are best treated with wide excision where possible. The role of adjuvant therapy remains uncertain and irrespective of treatment modality prognosis is poor with an overall survival of 15 per cent. However, recent advances in ras oncogene inhibitors may hold hope for the future.

scholarly journals Pattern and management outcomes of head and neck hemangiomas: a prospective study from Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Abbas M. Mungia ◽  
Sira Stanslaus Owibingire ◽  
Jeremiah Robert Moshy ◽  
Karpal Singh Sohal ◽  
William Sianga
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Infantile Hemangioma ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Facial Disfigurement

Introduction: Hemangiomas arise from the proliferation of endothelial cells surrounding blood-filled cavities. They have a slightly higher female predilection and about 60–70% of them occur in the head and neck region. Various medical and surgical options are available for the treatment of hemangiomas. Aim: To determine the pattern and management outcomes of head and neck hemangiomas in Tanzania. Material and methods: This was a one-year prospective, cross-sectional study that involved all consecutive patients with head and neck hemangiomas treated in Muhimbili National Hospital. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information including age and sex of the patient, chief complaint and, duration, size and site of the lesion. The treatment modalities were surgery and/or intralesional bleomycin injection (IL-Bleo). A standard dose of bleomycin was 0.3 to 0.6 mg/kg per injection not exceeding 15 units per cycle with a maximum of 6 cycles. Frequency distribution and cross-tabulation were performed and association between variables was assessed by the Chi-square test, whereby the p-value was set at p < 0.05. Results: A total of 58 patients were included in the study. The male to female ratio was 1:1.4 and the median age was 6.15 years. Majority (74%) of the patients had infantile hemangioma. The most common presenting complaint of patients/guardians of the patients were facial disfigurement (94.8%), pain (32.8%) and ulceration (22.4%). The most frequently involved sites were the lips (55.2%) followed by the cheeks (37.9%). In patient who were managed surgically, there was a 100% reduction in size of the lesion. Of those who were treated with bleomycin, the percentage reduction in the area of the lesion ranged from 8.33% to 100% with mean of 72.6%. Only 6% of the patient had post IL-Bleo complications. Conclusion: Head and Neck hemangiomas are more common in females and majority are infantile hemangioma. Facial disfigurement is the commonest presenting complication of these lesions, and the lips and the cheeks are mostly affected areas. Intralesional bleomycin is an effective treatment modality which has low complication rates.

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