Chapter-26 Stage Specific Culture Media and Blastocyst

Isolation and characterization of fungal and bacterial proteolytic strains from chrome shavings

10.24264/icams-2020.ii.9 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mariana Ferdes ◽

Rodica Roxana Constantinescu

Keyword(s):

Culture Media ◽

Proteolytic Enzymes ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Fungal Strains ◽

Isolation And Characterization ◽

Finishing Process ◽

The Media ◽

Specific Culture ◽

Yeasts And Molds ◽

Leather Finishing

The chrome shavings waste obtained as a result of the leather finishing process accumulates in a large volume in tanneries and represent a major problem for the environment. This waste are particularly resistant to attack of microorganisms, due to the significant concentration of chromium and are thus difficult to degrade. In this study, chrome shavings were analyzed microbiologically by determining the total number of germs and the number of yeasts and molds on specific culture media. Several bacterial and fungal strains were isolated from the cultures in Petri dishes, after the growth of the colonies. These strains were characterized in terms of the production of proteolytic enzymes, by a method of screening on the media with casein, which allows the determination of proteolytic indices of microorganisms. As a result of the tests performed, five bacterial strains probably belonging to the genus Bacillus and two fungal strains from the genera Penicillium and Cladosporium were selected.

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Development of specific culture media, studies on effect of media, pH and temperature on growth of Cercospora punicae, the causal agent of fruit and leaf spot disease of pomegranate

Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry ◽

10.22271/phyto.2021.v10.i1l.13427 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 816-818

Author(s):

Mukesh . ◽

Sharma SK

Keyword(s):

Media Studies ◽

Leaf Spot ◽

Culture Media ◽

Causal Agent ◽

Leaf Spot Disease ◽

Spot Disease ◽

Specific Culture

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Determination of the biodegradability of chitosan utilizing the most probable number technique

Acta Scientiarum Biological Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascibiolsci.v42i1.52965 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. e52965

Author(s):

Wender Cardoso Silva ◽

Ilva de Fátima Souza ◽

Vivian Machado Benassi ◽

Juan Pedro Bretas Roa ◽

Paulo Henrique Graziotti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Microorganisms ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Culture Media ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Most Probable Number ◽

Probable Number ◽

Strong Indicator ◽

Specific Culture ◽

Chitosan Biopolymer

The present work aimed to evaluate the degradability of the chitosan polymer by soil microorganisms. This evaluation was accomplished using the Most Probable Number (MPN) method by plating in drops so that soil microorganisms capable of degrading the polymeric material could be quantified. Soil samples diluted in three specific culture media for each type of microorganism were plated – bacteria, fungi and actinobacteria – and they were maintained at 28°C for seven days to determine the growth rate of fungi and actinobacteria, and for 48 hours for the development of bacteria. Significant differences in the MPN of actinobacteria relative to the other groups analyzed were observed. Thus, the method used was effective for determining the degradability of the chitosan biopolymer when observing the development of microorganisms subjected to the replacement of the carbon source by the addition of 2% w v-1 of the chitosan biopolymer to the culture medium. The formation of clear regions around the microbial colonies was a strong indicator of biodegradation.

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Do We Pay Enough Attention to Culture Conditions in Context of Perinatal Outcome after In Vitro Fertilization? Up-to-Date Literature Review

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2016/3285179 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Piotr Marianowski ◽

Filip A. Dąbrowski ◽

Aleksandra Zyguła ◽

Mirosław Wielgoś ◽

Iwona Szymusik

Keyword(s):

Embryo Culture ◽

Perinatal Outcome ◽

Culture Media ◽

Perinatal Outcomes ◽

Culture Conditions ◽

Embryo Survival ◽

Vitro Fertilization ◽

Specific Culture ◽

The Impact

Adverse perinatal outcomes in singleton IVF pregnancies have been most often explained by parental underlying diseases and so far laboratory conditions during embryo culture are still not explored well. The following review discusses the current state of knowledge on the influence of IVF laboratory procedures on the possible perinatal outcome. The role of improved media for human embryo culture is unquestionable. Addition of certain components to culture media and their effect on embryo survival and implantation rates have been taken into consideration recently and studied on animal model. Impact of media on perinatal outcome in IVF offspring has also been studied. It has been discovered that epigenetic changes and neonatal birth weight are probably associated with the use of specific culture media, as is the relation between placental size and its influence on perinatal outcome. There are still questions in the discussion about duration of embryo culture (cleavage stage versus blastocyst transfer). Some of the IVF methods, such as in vitro maturation of oocytes and freezing/thawing procedures, also require well-powered randomized controlled trials in order to define their exact impact on perinatal outcome. Constant further research is needed to assess the impact of laboratory environment on fetal and postnatal development.

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Identification of the contaminating psychrotrophic bacteria in refrigerated bulked raw milk and the assessment of their deteriorating potential

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2022v43n2p739 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 739-750

Author(s):

Patricia Rodrigues Condé ◽

◽

Cláudia Lúcia de Oliveira Pinto ◽

Scarlet Ohana Gandra ◽

Renata Cristina Almeida Bianchini Campos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Culture Media ◽

Raw Milk ◽

Culture Collection ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Prevention Measures ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Psychrotrophic Bacteria ◽

Components Analysis ◽

Specific Culture

This work aimed to characterize, identify, and determine the deteriorating potential of the contaminating psychrotrophic bacteria in refrigerated raw milk. Samples were submitted to serial dilutions and plated in specific culture media to form a bacterial culture collection. The isolates were characterized for their morphology and biochemical characteristics. The deteriorating potential of the isolates was determined according to the proteolytic, lipolytic and lecithinase activities at 4.0 ºC, 6.5 ºC, and 25.0 ºC. The results obtained for deterioration potential were assessed by the multivariate statistical method and by the principal components analysis (PCA). A total of 159 isolates were characterized, and of these, 46 strongly proteolytic Gram-negative isolates were selected for identification using the API 20 NE kit. The predominant bacteria were Gram-negative and oxidase and catalase positive, with a predominance of bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas. Using PCA, it was shown that the bacteria with the greatest deterioration potential were lecithinase producers, and that, in the autumn, proteolytic bacteria predominated at 4.0 ºC. Of the 46 isolates identified, more than 80% belonged to the species Pseudomonas fluorescens. Thus, attention should be given to the importance of implementing microbial contamination prevention measures in the bulking process, since, even under refrigeration, psychrotrophic bacteria multiply and produce enzymes that deteriorate lipids and proteins, with consequent quality losses of the milk and its derivatives, yield losses in the production of dairy products, and economic losses.

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Microbiological and parasitological survey of zoonotic agents in apparently healthy feral pigeons

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.1515/pjvs-2016-0038 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 309-315 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M.L. Marenzoni ◽

G. Morganti ◽

I. Moretta ◽

S. Crotti ◽

F. Agnetti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Culture Media ◽

Central Italy ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Elisa Test ◽

Chlamydia Psittaci ◽

Modified Agglutination Test ◽

Feral Pigeons ◽

Parasitological Survey ◽

Specific Culture ◽

Apparently Healthy

AbstractMicrobiological and parasitological investigation was carried out on a colony of feral pigeons, located in a green area near the main hospital of a Central Italy city. One hundred pigeons were submitted to clinical examination. Cloacal swabs, grouped in pool of 4 samples, were analyzed to detect the presence ofCoxiella burnetii,Chlamydia psittaci, Chlamydophilaspp. using a biomolecular procedure, while individual cloacal samples were examined forSalmonellaspp.,Campylobacterspp., and yeasts by means of a specific culture media. An ELISA test was used to determine the presence ofGiardiaspp., andCryptosporidiumspp. coproantigens. Individual serological samples were also tested with the modified agglutination test (MAT) in order to detect antibodies againstToxoplasma gondii. The pigeons did not show any clinical signs. The cloacal pools proved to be negative forC. burnetiiDNA while three pools were positive forC. psittaciorChlamydophilaspp. DNAs.Salmonellaspp. was not detected.C. jejuniandC. coliwere found in 13% and 4% of the samples, respectively. NoGiardiaspp. andCryptosporidiumspp. were detected. Thirty-three out of 100 samples (33%) were positive for yeast colonies. The seroprevalence forT. gondiiwas 8%. Although with moderate incidence, potentially zoonotic agents were present thus highlighting the need for sanitary surveillance on feral pigeon colonies.

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Investigation of the Sterility of Diluent in Prefilled Syringes Used for Vaccine Reconstitution at Department of Defense Recruit Training Sites

Military Medicine ◽

10.1093/milmed/usaa181 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 185 (9-10) ◽

pp. e1440-e1446

Author(s):

Chien-Chung Chao ◽

Zhiwen Zhang ◽

Tatyana Belinskaya ◽

Le Jiang ◽

Brian J Morrison ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Department Of Defense ◽

Best Practice ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Culture Media ◽

Health Agency ◽

Military Health ◽

Current Vaccine ◽

Prefilled Syringes ◽

Specific Culture ◽

Recruit Training

Abstract Introduction Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) and varicella (VAR) vaccines are the two vaccines administered in large recruit training sites (RTS) that require a single-use syringe to be prefilled with the diluent (ie water) before vaccine reconstitution. Since there are no preservatives in either MMR or VAR vaccines, it is critical to maintain the diluent sterile to ensure the sterility of the reconstituted vaccine. The Department of Defense/Defense Health Agency has instructions on reconstitution of lyophilized vaccines and guidelines for their storage. Vaccine manufacturers provide instructions on how to properly store the diluent. However, there is no clear guidance or standard operating procedures regarding the best practice for preparation and storage of the syringes prefilled with diluent. Various RTS across all four services have their respective routines to best fit their vaccination requirements. Currently, there are no available data on the sterility status of the diluent prepared using these various routines before they are used to reconstitute vaccines. Materials and Methods We investigated the sterility of the diluent (ie water) in prefilled syringes prepared using routines practiced at various RTS. Diluent was drawn up into single syringes and was kept under various conditions (4 °C or room temperature for overnight up to 24 hours) used by various RTS. At indicated time, diluent was injected into sterile vials and the sterility of the diluent was determined by monitoring the presence/growth of bacteria (including aerobic bacteria, mycoplasma, and an obligate intracellular bacterium, Coxiella burnetii), fungi, and viruses for up to 21 days after inoculation into proper and specific culture media. Both traditional cell culture and molecular assays were used to demonstrate the presence or absence of contamination that may compromise the sterility of the diluent. Results Our results demonstrate that the diluent, after being drawn up to fill the syringe, maintains sterility after storage for overnight up to 24 hours at room temperature or 4 °C with or without recapping the syringes, suggesting that current vaccine reconstitution routines practiced at large military RTS are safe. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that in spite of variations in current practices used in various RTS, the diluent in the prefilled syringe tested from each site maintains its sterility and was determined to be safe for use in military health system-wide vaccine reconstitution.

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Identification, Characterization, and Investigation of the Antimicrobial Activities of Autochthonous Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Iranian Traditional Sourdoughs

Avicenna Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.34172/ajpr.2020.01 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Maryam Chandal ◽

Reza Mahjub

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Culture Media ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Pathogenic Organism ◽

Before And After ◽

Inhibition Zones ◽

Baked Products ◽

Specific Culture

Background: The microflora of Iranian traditional sourdoughs was investigated by microscopic and biochemical tests. All of the isolated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) belonged to the genus Lactobacillus and most of them belonged to L. plantarum species. Methods: LAB of Iranian traditional sourdoughs were selected for antimicrobial activity by measuring diameters of the inhibition zones. Results: The best result belonged to Lactobacillus casei. The supernatant of the specified species was added to specific culture media of each pathogenic organism, and then the optical density before and after adding the supernatant was measured at 600 nm by UV spectrophotometer every 2 hours. Conclusion: The results showed that L. casei had suitable bacteriostatic and fungistatic effects and can be used as a potent biopreservative agent in preparing various baked products such as all kinds of bread.

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Hybrid graphene–ceramic nanofibre network for spontaneous neural differentiation of stem cells

Interface Focus ◽

10.1098/rsfs.2017.0037 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 20170037 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jekaterina Kazantseva ◽

Irina Hussainova ◽

Roman Ivanov ◽

Toomas Neuman ◽

Michael Gasik

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Culture Media ◽

Neurological Diseases ◽

Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽

Chemical Microenvironment ◽

Specific Culture ◽

Physical And Chemical

A challenge in regenerative medicine is governed by the need to have control over the fate of stem cells that is regulated by the physical and chemical microenvironment in vitro and in vivo . The differentiation of the stem cells into specific lineages is commonly guided by use of specific culture media. For the first time, we demonstrate that human mesenchymal stem cells are capable of turning spontaneously towards neurogenic lineage when seeded on graphene-augmented, highly anisotropic ceramic nanofibres without special differentiation media, contrary to commonly thought requirement of ‘soft’ substrates for the same purpose. Furthermore, pro-inflammatory gene expression is simultaneously suppressed, and expression of factors promoting focal adhesion and monocytes taxis is upregulated. This opens new possibilities of using local topo-mechanical cues of the ‘graphenized’ scaffold surfaces to guide stem cell proliferation and differentiation, which can be used in studies of neurological diseases and cell therapy.

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