Influences of different light sources and light/dark cycles on anthocyanin accumulation and plant growth in Petunia

Light is a key factor that affects phytochemical synthesis and accumulation in plants. Due to limitations of the environment or cultivated land, there is an urgent need to develop indoor cultivation systems to obtain higher yields with increased phytochemical concentrations using convenient light sources. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have several advantages, including consumption of lesser power, longer half-life, higher efficacy, and wider variation in the spectral wavelength than traditional light sources; therefore, these devices are preferred for in vitro culture and indoor plant growth. Moreover, LED irradiation of seedlings enhances plant biomass, nutrient and secondary metabolite levels, and antioxidant properties. Specifically, red and blue LED irradiation exerts strong effects on photosynthesis, stomatal functioning, phototropism, photomorphogenesis, and photosynthetic pigment levels. Additionally, ex vitro plantlet development and acclimatization can be enhanced by regulating the spectral properties of LEDs. Applying an appropriate LED spectral wavelength significantly increases antioxidant enzyme activity in plants, thereby enhancing the cell defense system and providing protection from oxidative damage. Since different plant species respond differently to lighting in the cultivation environment, it is necessary to evaluate specific wavebands before large-scale LED application for controlled in vitro plant growth. This review focuses on the most recent advances and applications of LEDs for in vitro culture organogenesis. The mechanisms underlying the production of different phytochemicals, including phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids, anthocyanins, and antioxidant enzymes, have also been discussed.

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Correction to: The heterologous expression of Arabidopsis PAP2 induces anthocyanin accumulation and inhibits plant growth in tomato

Functional & Integrative Genomics ◽

10.1007/s10142-018-0592-1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 355-355

Author(s):

Nan Li ◽

Han Wu ◽

Qiangqiang Ding ◽

Huihui Li ◽

Zhifei Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Heterologous Expression ◽

Anthocyanin Accumulation

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Analyses of multi-color plant-growth light sources in achieving maximum photosynthesis efficiencies with enhanced color qualities

Optics Express ◽

10.1364/oe.26.004135 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 4135 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Tingzhu Wu ◽

Yue Lin ◽

Lili Zheng ◽

Ziquan Guo ◽

Jianxing Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Light Sources

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The Growth and Development of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum) and Bush Basil (Ocimum minimum) Grown under Three Light Regimes in a Controlled Environment

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9110743 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 743 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Aldarkazali ◽

Rihan ◽

Carne ◽

Fuller

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Radiant Heat ◽

Oil Yield ◽

Light Sources ◽

White Led ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Sweet Basil ◽

Light Regimes ◽

Led Array ◽

Red Led

Light is a crucial element for plant growth and production. In areas where natural light is not sufficient for optimal plant growth and production, high pressure sodium (HPS) light sources are widely used. However, HPS lamps are considered not very electrically efficient generating high radiant heat and as a consequence, there has been a lot of interest in replacing HPS lamps with new more efficient lighting sources in the form of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The effects of three lighting sources (White LED, Blue/Red LED and HPS) on the growth, development and on the essential oil yield and quality of sweet basil and bush basil were investigated. There was a clear advantage to the Blue/Red (452 nm and 632 nm, respectively) LED on virtually all growth and physiological parameters measured for both basil species. The HPS lighting system always performed least effectively in all comparisons. Combining increases in plant yield and increases in oil yield the Blue/Red LED array outperformed the HPS lights by a factor of approximately double, with the white LED being intermediate between these two extremes.

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Artificial light sources for efficient plant growth

JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF JAPAN ◽

10.2150/jieij1980.72.appendix_139 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 72 (Appendix) ◽

pp. 139-140

Author(s):

K. Horaguchi ◽

M. Morita ◽

I. Aiga ◽

M. Kiyota

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Artificial Light ◽

Light Sources

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The Effect Of Some Plant Growth Regulators And Their Combination With Methyl Jasmonate On Anthocyanin Formation In Roots Of Kalanchoe Blossfeldiana

Journal of Horticultural Research ◽

10.2478/johr-2014-0019 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 31-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Justyna Góraj ◽

Elżbieta Węgrzynowicz-Lesiak ◽

Marian Saniewski

Keyword(s):

Abscisic Acid ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Methyl Jasmonate ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽

Kalanchoe Blossfeldiana ◽

Isolated Roots ◽

Whole Plants ◽

Kalanchoë Blossfeldiana

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the effect of plant growth regulators (PGRs) - auxins, gibberellin, cytokinin, abscisic acid, brassinosteroid, ethylene and their interaction with methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) applied to roots of the whole plants Kalanchoe blossfeldiana on the accumulation of anthocyanins in roots. The highest stimulation of anthocyanins synthesis was stated with application of JA-Me alone. In response to treatments with the other tested PGRs, the content of anthocyanins in roots of a whole plant was different depending on the concentration of the PGR when being applied alone or together with JA-Me. Auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) at a concentration of 50 mg·L-1, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at 5 mg·L-1 and abscisic acid (ABA) at 10 mg·L-1 induced anthocyanin accumulation with approximately 60-115% compared to the control while 24-epibrassinolid (epiBL), gibberellic acid (GA3) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) had no effect on the anthocyanin accumulation. The simultaneous administration of the PGRs with JA-Me usually resulted in the accumulation of anthocyanins in roots in a manner similar to that caused by JA-Me. PGRs applied to isolated roots did not stimulate anthocyanin accumulation, except for the combination of JA-Me with 50 mg·L-1 IAA. The results indicate that in K. blossfeldiana, the aboveground parts of the plant play an important role in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in roots.

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Plant Productivity in Response to LED Lighting

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.43.7.1951 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 43 (7) ◽

pp. 1951-1956 ◽

Cited By ~ 308

Author(s):

Gioia D. Massa ◽

Hyeon-Hye Kim ◽

Raymond M. Wheeler ◽

Cary A. Mitchell

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Crop Production ◽

Energy Use ◽

Sole Source ◽

Light Sources ◽

Lighting System ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Agriculture Industry ◽

Lighting Systems ◽

Kennedy Space

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have tremendous potential as supplemental or sole-source lighting systems for crop production both on and off earth. Their small size, durability, long operating lifetime, wavelength specificity, relatively cool emitting surfaces, and linear photon output with electrical input current make these solid-state light sources ideal for use in plant lighting designs. Because the output waveband of LEDs (single color, nonphosphor-coated) is much narrower than that of traditional sources of electric lighting used for plant growth, one challenge in designing an optimum plant lighting system is to determine wavelengths essential for specific crops. Work at NASA's Kennedy Space Center has focused on the proportion of blue light required for normal plant growth as well as the optimum wavelength of red and the red/far-red ratio. The addition of green wavelengths for improved plant growth as well as for visual monitoring of plant status has been addressed. Like with other light sources, spectral quality of LEDs can have dramatic effects on crop anatomy and morphology as well as nutrient uptake and pathogen development. Work at Purdue University has focused on geometry of light delivery to improve energy use efficiency of a crop lighting system. Additionally, foliar intumescence developing in the absence of ultraviolet light or other less understood stimuli could become a serious limitation for some crops lighted solely by narrow-band LEDs. Ways to prevent this condition are being investigated. Potential LED benefits to the controlled environment agriculture industry are numerous and more work needs to be done to position horticulture at the forefront of this promising technology.

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Sucrose Enhances Anthocyanin Accumulation in Torenia by Promoting Expression of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Genes

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae7080219 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. 219

Author(s):

Aung Htay Naing ◽

Junping Xu ◽

Kyeung Il Park ◽

Mi Young Chung ◽

Chang Kil Kim

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factors ◽

Transgenic Plants ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽

Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽

Wild Type ◽

Anthocyanin Production

We examined the effects of different sucrose concentrations (3%, 5%, and 7%) on anthocyanin accumulation and plant growth in wild type (WT) and transgenic (T2) torenia cultivar “Kauai Rose” overexpressing the anthocyanin regulatory transcription factors B-Peru + mPAP1 or RsMYB1. Sucrose increased anthocyanin production in both WT and transgenic plants, with higher anthocyanin production in transgenic plants compared to WT plants. Higher sucrose concentrations increased production of anthocyanin in transgenic and WT plants, with increased anthocyanin production associated with increased expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. Higher sucrose concentrations reduced growth of WT and transgenic plants. Our results indicate that sucrose enhances anthocyanin production in torenia by regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis genes.

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Spectral Effects of Three Types of White Light-emitting Diodes on Plant Growth and Development: Absolute versus Relative Amounts of Blue Light

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.48.4.504 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 504-509 ◽

Cited By ~ 82

Author(s):

Kevin R. Cope ◽

Bruce Bugbee

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Blue Light ◽

Plant Development ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Stem Elongation ◽

Leaf Expansion ◽

Light Sources ◽

Plant Growth And Development ◽

Light Emitting ◽

White Leds

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are a rapidly developing technology for plant growth lighting and have become a powerful tool for understanding the spectral effects of light on plants. Several studies have shown that some blue light is necessary for normal growth and development, but the effects of blue light appear to be species-dependent and may interact with other wavelengths of light as well as photosynthetic photon flux (PPF). We report the photobiological effects of three types of white LEDs (warm, neutral, and cool, with 11%, 19%, and 28% blue light, respectively) on the growth and development of radish, soybean, and wheat. All species were grown at two PPFs (200 and 500 μmol·m−2·s−1) under each LED type, which facilitated testing the effect of absolute (μmol photons per m−2·s−1) and relative (percent of total PPF) blue light on plant development. Root and shoot environmental conditions other than light quality were uniformly maintained among six chambers (three lamp types × two PPFs). All LEDs had similar phytochrome photoequilibria and red:far red ratios. Blue light did not affect total dry weight (DW) in any species but significantly altered plant development. Overall, the low blue light from warm white LEDs increased stem elongation and leaf expansion, whereas the high blue light from cool white LEDs resulted in more compact plants. For radish and soybean, absolute blue light was a better predictor of stem elongation than relative blue light, but relative blue light better predicted leaf area. Absolute blue light better predicted the percent leaf DW in radish and soybean and percent tiller DW in wheat. The largest percentage differences among light sources occurred in low light (200 μmol·m−2·s−1). These results confirm and extend the results of other studies indicating that light quantity and quality interact to determine plant morphology. The optimal amount of blue light likely changes with plant age because plant communities balance the need for rapid leaf expansion, which is necessary to maximize radiation capture, with prevention of excessive stem elongation. A thorough understanding of this interaction is essential to the development of light sources for optimal plant growth and development.

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Light-Quality Manipulation to Control Plant Growth and Photomorphogenesis in Greenhouse Horticulture: The State of the Art and the Opportunities of Modern LED Systems

Journal of Plant Growth Regulation ◽

10.1007/s00344-021-10337-y ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Roberta Paradiso ◽

Simona Proietti

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Control Plant ◽

Spectral Composition ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

The State ◽

Light Sources ◽

Light Spectrum ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Greenhouse Horticulture

AbstractLight quantity (intensity and photoperiod) and quality (spectral composition) affect plant growth and physiology and interact with other environmental parameters and cultivation factors in determining the plant behaviour. More than providing the energy for photosynthesis, light also dictates specific signals which regulate plant development, shaping and metabolism, in the complex phenomenon of photomorphogenesis, driven by light colours. These are perceived even at very low intensity by five classes of specific photoreceptors, which have been characterized in their biochemical features and physiological roles. Knowledge about plant photomorphogenesis increased dramatically during the last years, also thanks the diffusion of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which offer several advantages compared to the conventional light sources, such as the possibility to tailor the light spectrum and to regulate the light intensity, depending on the specific requirements of the different crops and development stages. This knowledge could be profitably applied in greenhouse horticulture to improve production schedules and crop yield and quality. This article presents a brief overview on the effects of light spectrum of artificial lighting on plant growth and photomorphogenesis in vegetable and ornamental crops, and on the state of the art of the research on LEDs in greenhouse horticulture. Particularly, we analysed these effects by approaching, when possible, each single-light waveband, as most of the review works available in the literature considers the influence of combined spectra.

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