Motor Vehicle Coverage in the USA

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
The Usa

scholarly journals COVID Lockdowns, Social Distancing, and Fatal Car Crashes: More Deaths on Hobbesian Highways?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 238-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall W. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
World War ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Usa

Abstract Research Question What happened to US traffic safety during the first US COVID-19 lockdown, and why was the pattern the opposite of that observed in previous sudden declines of traffic volume? Data National and local statistics on US traffic volume, traffic fatalities, injury accidents, speeding violations, running of stop signs, and other indicators of vehicular driving behavior, both in 2020 and in previous US economic recessions affecting the volume of road traffic. Methods Comparative analysis of the similarities and differences between the data for the COVID-19 lockdown in parts of the USA in March 2020 and similar data for the 2008–2009 global economic crisis, as well as other US cases of major reductions in traffic volume. Findings The volume of traffic contracted sharply once a COVID-19 national emergency was declared and most states issued stay-at-home orders, but motor vehicle fatality rates, injury accidents, and speeding violations went up, and remained elevated even as traffic began returning toward normal. This pattern does not fit post-World War II recessions where fatality rates declined with the volume of traffic nor does the 2020 pattern match the pattern during World War II when traffic dropped substantially with little change in motor vehicle fatality rates. Conclusions The findings are consistent with a theory of social distancing on highways undermining compliance with social norms, a social cost of COVID which, if not corrected, poses potential long-term increases in non-compliance and dangerous driving.

We live and die by the sun: motor vehicle fatalities and circadian timing in the USA 2001 to 2018

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Soca ◽  
Charles Mounts ◽  
Lacie Hediger ◽  
Carla York
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Circadian Timing ◽  
The Usa

Virtual car seat checks during a pandemic

2020 ◽  
pp. injuryprev-2020-044009
Author(s):  
Sadiqa Kendi ◽  
Michael F Taylor ◽  
James Chamberlain
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Car Seat ◽  
Restraint Use ◽  
Passenger Safety ◽  
Health Community ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Child Restraint ◽  
Children And Young Adults

Motor vehicle collisions are one of the leading causes of death and morbidity in children and young adults in the USA, and suboptimal child restraint use is an important risk factor for severe childhood injury and death. The restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic have presented unique challenges to the public health community, including how to use certified child passenger safety technicians through car seat checks. This case series assessed the feasibility of performing remote car seat checks and parental satisfaction with them. It provides preliminary evidence that remote car seat checks are feasible in a real-world environment and acceptable to caregivers during times in which in-person car seat checks are not safe or accessible.

Epidemiology of paediatric trauma presenting to US emergency departments: 2006–2012

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob B Avraham ◽  
Misha Bhandari ◽  
Spiros G Frangos ◽  
Deborah A Levine ◽  
Michael G Tunik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Trauma Centre ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Paediatric Trauma ◽  
The Usa

BackgroundTraumatic injury is the leading cause of paediatric morbidity and mortality in the USA. We present updated national data on emergency department (ED) discharges for traumatic injury for a recent 7-year period.MethodsWe conducted a descriptive epidemiological analysis of the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample Survey, the largest and most comprehensive database in the USA, for 2006–2012. Among children and adolescents, we tracked changes in injury mechanism and severity, cost of care, injury intent and the role of trauma centres.ResultsThere was an 8.3% (95% CI 7.7 to 8.9) decrease in the annual number of ED visits for traumatic injury in children and adolescents over the study period, from 8 557 904 (SE=5861) in 2006 to 7 846 912 (SE=5191) in 2012. The case-fatality rate was 0.04% for all injuries and 3.2% for severely injured children. Children and adolescents with high-mortality injury mechanisms were more than three times more likely to be treated at a level 1 trauma centre (OR=3.5, 95% CI 3.3 to 3.7), but were more no more likely to die (OR=0.96, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.00). Traumatic brain injury diagnoses increased 22.2% (95% CI 20.6 to 23.9) during the study period. Intentional assault accounted for 3% (SE=0.1) of all child and adolescent ED injury discharges and 7.2% (SE=0.3) of discharges among 15–19 year-olds. There was an 11.3% (95% CI 10.0 to 12.6) decline in motor vehicle injuries from 2009 to 2012. The total cost of care was $23 billion (SE=0.01), a 78% increase from 2006 to 2012.ConclusionsThis analysis presents a recent portrait of paediatric trauma across the USA. These analyses indicate the important role and value of trauma centre care for injured children and adolescents, and that the most common causes and mechanisms of injury are preventable.

scholarly journals Trends in school-age pedestrian and pedalcyclist crashes in the USA: 26 states, 2000–2014

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 448-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine C Wheeler-Martin ◽  
Allison E Curry ◽  
Kristina B Metzger ◽  
Charles J DiMaggio
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crashes ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Crash Rates ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Pedestrian Crashes

BackgroundDespite substantial progress, motor vehicle crashes remain a leading killer of US children. Previously, we documented significant positive impacts of Safe Routes to School interventions on school-age pedestrian and pedalcyclist crashes.ObjectiveTo expand our analysis of US trends in motor vehicle crashes involving school-age pedestrians and pedalcyclists, exploring heterogeneity by age and geography.MethodsWe obtained recent police-reported crash data from 26 states, calculating population rates of pedestrian and pedalcyclist crashes, crash fatality rates and pedestrian commuter-adjusted crash rates (‘pedestrian danger index’) for school-age children as compared with other age groups. We estimated national and statewide trends by age, injury status, day and travel hour using hierarchical linear modeling.ResultsSchool-age children accounted for nearly one in three pedestrians and one in two pedalcyclists struck in motor vehicle crashes from 2000 to 2014. Yet, the rates of these crashes declined 40% and 53%, respectively, over that time, on average, even as adult rates rose. Average crash rates varied geographically from 24.4 to 100.8 pedestrians and 15.6 to 56.7 pedalcyclists struck per 100 000 youth. Crash rates and fatality rates were inversely correlated.ConclusionsDespite recent increases in adult pedestrian crashes, school-age and younger pedestrians experienced ongoing declines in motor vehicle crashes through 2014 across the USA. There was no evidence of displacement in crash severity; declines were observed in all outcomes. The growing body of state crash data resources can present analytic challenges but also provides unique insights into national and local pedestrian crash trends for all crash outcomes.

Obesity and motor vehicle deaths in the USA: a state‐level analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 544-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter O. Simmons ◽  
Thomas J. Zlatoper
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
State Level ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Level Analysis

ANALYSIS OF THE STUDIES RESULTS OF EMISSIONS OF POLLUTANTS BY USED CARS IMPORTED INTO UKRAINE FROM THE USA

2019 ◽  
pp. 2-11
Author(s):  
Oleksiy Klymenko ◽  
Viktor Ustymenko ◽  
Konstantin Kolobov ◽  
Sergey Rychok ◽  
Mykolay Gora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Specific Emissions ◽  
Used Cars ◽  
Emission Limits ◽  
Wheeled Vehicles

It`s given an analysis of the distribution of wheeled vehicles regarding values of mass specific emissions of pollutants obtained from the results of tests in the European driving cycle (NEDC) the group of 1109 used (second-hand) vehicles of category M1 of various brands (equipped with gasoline engines, which at the time of production were in accordance with federal environmental requirements of the USA), and imported into Ukraine from North America. The analysis included in particular distribution of pollutants specific mass emission vs. total mileage of 3 main vehicle`s brands of tested group consisted mainly of VW, Mazda and Ford. It`s also included statistical frequency distribution of whole tested group and for aforementioned brands individually in comparison with EU (“Euro-5”) and US (T2B5) emission limits, used for type approval and as OBD thresholds, including Ukrainian limits used for second-hand vehicles that does not approved in accordance to EU legislation or within the 1958 Agreement concerning the Adoption of Uniform Conditions of Approval and Reciprocal Recognition of Approval for Motor Vehicle Equipment and Parts. The analysis gives opportunity of comparison of established in tested group of one of the key European, Japan and US manufacturers of passenger vehicles regarding its emission values distribution based on NEDC test procedure results. It`s given the rationale for amending the current procedure for assessing conformity of this category of vehicles (“Approval of the design of vehicles, their parts and equipment”, approved by order of the Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine No. 521 dated 17/08/2012), taking into account cancellation at the end of 2018 (according to the Law of Ukraine No. 2612-VIII dated 11/08/2018) of "Euro-5" standards as the minimum requirements for the first registration in Ukraine of used (second-hand) vehicles of heading 8703 of the Ukrainian classification of goods of foreign economic activity. Keywords: wheeled vehicles, passenger cars, emission of pollutants, regulation, setting of norms, certification, import of vehicles from the USA.

scholarly journals Epilepsy and motor vehicle driving - A Symposium held in Québec City, November 1998

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy-M. Rémillard ◽  
Benjamin G. Zifkin ◽  
Frederick Andermann
Keyword(s):  
Medical Association ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Mandatory Reporting ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Quebec City ◽  
Motor Transport ◽  
Strong Disagreement ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Canadian Council ◽  
Motor Vehicle Driving

Background:This report summarizes an invitational symposium on epilepsy and Canadian laws governing motor vehicle driving held in Québec City in November 1998.Methods:Invited neurological experts from Canada, the USA, and Europe; and representatives of provincial and territorial licensing bodies, the Canadian Council of Motor Transport Administrators, the Canadian Medical Protective Association, and the Canadian Medical Association participated. An edited version of transcribed audiotapes was prepared. Specific issues discussed were whether or not a physician should be required to report a patient with epilepsy to the licensing authority (mandatory reporting), the nature and quantification of the risks posed by epileptic drivers, and what would be a reasonable law regulating driving by people with epilepsy in Canada.Results:The consensus among medical experts was that mandatory reporting should be abolished in Canada and that a 6-12 month seizure-free period was appropriate before most patients could return to driving private cars. Experts also believed that these standards should be uniform across Canada. There was strong disagreement with the recommendation of the Canadian Medical Association that all such drivers be reported to provincial licensing authorities even in provinces without mandatory reporting rules.Conclusion:Physicians should be familiar with and follow the rules regarding epilepsy and driving in the provinces where they practice. Nevertheless, current evidence is against mandatory physician reporting of drivers with epilepsy and the neurologists recommended that this be abolished throughout Canada. Shorter seizure-free intervals should also be considered before resuming driving of private cars.

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