scholarly journals Epilepsy and motor vehicle driving - A Symposium held in Québec City, November 1998

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy-M. Rémillard ◽  
Benjamin G. Zifkin ◽  
Frederick Andermann
Keyword(s):  
Medical Association ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Mandatory Reporting ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Quebec City ◽  
Motor Transport ◽  
Strong Disagreement ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Canadian Council ◽  
Motor Vehicle Driving

Background:This report summarizes an invitational symposium on epilepsy and Canadian laws governing motor vehicle driving held in Québec City in November 1998.Methods:Invited neurological experts from Canada, the USA, and Europe; and representatives of provincial and territorial licensing bodies, the Canadian Council of Motor Transport Administrators, the Canadian Medical Protective Association, and the Canadian Medical Association participated. An edited version of transcribed audiotapes was prepared. Specific issues discussed were whether or not a physician should be required to report a patient with epilepsy to the licensing authority (mandatory reporting), the nature and quantification of the risks posed by epileptic drivers, and what would be a reasonable law regulating driving by people with epilepsy in Canada.Results:The consensus among medical experts was that mandatory reporting should be abolished in Canada and that a 6-12 month seizure-free period was appropriate before most patients could return to driving private cars. Experts also believed that these standards should be uniform across Canada. There was strong disagreement with the recommendation of the Canadian Medical Association that all such drivers be reported to provincial licensing authorities even in provinces without mandatory reporting rules.Conclusion:Physicians should be familiar with and follow the rules regarding epilepsy and driving in the provinces where they practice. Nevertheless, current evidence is against mandatory physician reporting of drivers with epilepsy and the neurologists recommended that this be abolished throughout Canada. Shorter seizure-free intervals should also be considered before resuming driving of private cars.

scholarly journals COVID Lockdowns, Social Distancing, and Fatal Car Crashes: More Deaths on Hobbesian Highways?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 238-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall W. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
World War ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Usa

Abstract Research Question What happened to US traffic safety during the first US COVID-19 lockdown, and why was the pattern the opposite of that observed in previous sudden declines of traffic volume? Data National and local statistics on US traffic volume, traffic fatalities, injury accidents, speeding violations, running of stop signs, and other indicators of vehicular driving behavior, both in 2020 and in previous US economic recessions affecting the volume of road traffic. Methods Comparative analysis of the similarities and differences between the data for the COVID-19 lockdown in parts of the USA in March 2020 and similar data for the 2008–2009 global economic crisis, as well as other US cases of major reductions in traffic volume. Findings The volume of traffic contracted sharply once a COVID-19 national emergency was declared and most states issued stay-at-home orders, but motor vehicle fatality rates, injury accidents, and speeding violations went up, and remained elevated even as traffic began returning toward normal. This pattern does not fit post-World War II recessions where fatality rates declined with the volume of traffic nor does the 2020 pattern match the pattern during World War II when traffic dropped substantially with little change in motor vehicle fatality rates. Conclusions The findings are consistent with a theory of social distancing on highways undermining compliance with social norms, a social cost of COVID which, if not corrected, poses potential long-term increases in non-compliance and dangerous driving.

scholarly journals Defining a research agenda for youth sport specialisation in the USA: the AMSSM Youth Early Sport Specialization Summit

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-143
Author(s):  
Stephanie A Kliethermes ◽  
Stephen W Marshall ◽  
Cynthia R LaBella ◽  
Andrew M Watson ◽  
Joel S Brenner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Agenda ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Youth Sport ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Medical Society ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Usa

Sport specialisation is becoming increasingly common among youth and adolescent athletes in the USA and many have raised concern about this trend. Although research on sport specialisation has grown significantly, numerous pressing questions remain pertaining to short-term and long-term effects of specialisation on the health and well-being of youth, including the increased risk of overuse injury and burnout. Many current elite athletes did not specialise at an early age. Methodological and study design limitations impact the quality of current literature, and researchers need to prioritise pressing research questions to promote safe and healthy youth sport participation. The American Medical Society for Sports Medicine hosted a Youth Early Sport Specialization Summit in April 2019 with the goal of synthesising and reviewing current scientific knowledge and developing a research agenda to guide future research in the field based on the identified gaps in knowledge. This statement provides a broad summary of the existing literature, gaps and limitations in current evidence and identifies key research priorities to help guide researchers conducting research on youth sport specialisation. Our goals are to help improve the quality and relevance of research on youth sport specialisation and to ultimately assure that opportunities for healthy and safe sport participation continue for all youth.

We live and die by the sun: motor vehicle fatalities and circadian timing in the USA 2001 to 2018

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Soca ◽  
Charles Mounts ◽  
Lacie Hediger ◽  
Carla York
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Circadian Timing ◽  
The Usa

MODELING OF MOTOR TRANSPORT EXHAUST POLLUTANT DISPERSION

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petras Vaitiekūnas ◽  
Reda Banaitytė
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Pollutant Dispersion ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Dispersion Modeling ◽  
Pollution Dispersion ◽  
Motor Transport ◽  
Pollution Modeling

Pollution is a major problem in all countries, even developed ones. It is the major environmental negative impact of anthropogenic activities affecting ecology. There are two major ways for assessment of negative impact of motor transport flow intensity and pollution level: monitoring the air or modeling pollutant dispersion. It is very important to estimate different unknown air modeling programs. In this work modeling is to be executed by the US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) the so‐called “the best possible existing software for strategic environmental assessment”. That is also recommended by the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Lithuania. In this work pollution modeling was executed for the northern part of Vilnius (the network of streets Geležinis Vilkas ‐ Ozas ‐ Kalvarijos). For motor vehicle pollution mathematical modeling, it is necessary to evaluate meteorological parameters like temperature, humidity, the wind direction and speed. Modeling software can also estimate relief conditions. Pollution emission measurements were used, and pollution dispersion modeling was performed. The main target was to evaluate pollutant dispersion from motor transport in the analysed area of Vilnius. During investigation maximum hourly, daily and annual concentrations of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, sulphur dioxide, volatile organic compounds and particulate matter were observed.

scholarly journals Intra-Testicular Papaverine Injection for Testicular Salvage after Blunt Testicular Trauma: A Case Report

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-112
Author(s):  
Kevin Keating ◽  
Paulette C. Dreher ◽  
Jason Levy ◽  
Brian McGreen ◽  
Daniel Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Primary Repair ◽  
Tunica Albuginea ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Surgical Exploration ◽  
Valuable Treatment ◽  
Testicular Trauma

Blunt trauma is the most common mechanism of injury to the scrotum and testicle. Surgical exploration with primary repair, hematoma evacuation, and de-torsion are common surgical interventions. A 20-year-old male with no previous medical history presented after a high-speed motor vehicle collision. Ultrasonography demonstrated heterogeneous changes of the tunica albuginea and decreased arterial flow to bilateral testicles. He was subsequently taken to the operating room for surgical exploration, which revealed bilateral mottled testes with questionable viability. Papaverine was injected into each testicle, which resulted in visibly increased perfusion and subsequent preservation of the testicles. Conclusion: Current evidence on the use of papaverine is isolated to testicular torsion. Additional research should be conducted on the use of papaverine in blunt testicular trauma. Papaverine injection may be a valuable treatment option when inadequate perfusion is observed intra-operatively.

scholarly journals Preventing Substance Use Among Indigenous Adolescents in the USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand: a Systematic Review of the Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mieke Snijder ◽  
Lexine Stapinski ◽  
Briana Lees ◽  
James Ward ◽  
Patricia Conrod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Substance Use Prevention ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Indigenous Adolescents ◽  
Common Components

Abstract This systematic review assessed the current evidence base of substance use prevention programs for Indigenous adolescents in the USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. The authors investigated (a) the outcomes, type, setting and context of prevention programs; (b) the common components of beneficial prevention programs; and (c) the methodological quality of evaluations of included prevention programs. The authors searched eight peer-reviewed and 20 grey literature databases for studies published between 1 January 1990 and 31 August 2017. Data extracted included type of program (culturally adapted, culture-based or unadapted), the setting (school, community, family or multi-setting), delivery (computerised or traditional), context (Indigenous-specific or multi-cultural environment) and common components of the programs. Program evaluation methodologies were critically appraised against standardised criteria. This review identified 26 eligible studies. Substance use prevention programs for Indigenous youth led to reductions in substance use frequency and intention to use; improvements in substance-related knowledge, attitudes and resistance strategies; and delay in substance use initiation. Key elements of beneficial programs included substance use education, skills development, cultural knowledge enhancement and community involvement in program development. Five programs were rated as methodologically strong, seven were moderate and fourteen were weak. Prevention programs have the potential to reduce substance use among Indigenous adolescents, especially when they are developed in partnership with Indigenous people. However, more rigorously conducted evaluation trials are required to strengthen the evidence base.

Virtual car seat checks during a pandemic

2020 ◽  
pp. injuryprev-2020-044009
Author(s):  
Sadiqa Kendi ◽  
Michael F Taylor ◽  
James Chamberlain
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Car Seat ◽  
Restraint Use ◽  
Passenger Safety ◽  
Health Community ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Child Restraint ◽  
Children And Young Adults

Motor vehicle collisions are one of the leading causes of death and morbidity in children and young adults in the USA, and suboptimal child restraint use is an important risk factor for severe childhood injury and death. The restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic have presented unique challenges to the public health community, including how to use certified child passenger safety technicians through car seat checks. This case series assessed the feasibility of performing remote car seat checks and parental satisfaction with them. It provides preliminary evidence that remote car seat checks are feasible in a real-world environment and acceptable to caregivers during times in which in-person car seat checks are not safe or accessible.

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