scholarly journals Costa Rica

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (48) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Financial Assistance ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Universal Healthcare ◽  
Temporary Relief ◽  
Financing Gap ◽  
Socio Economic Impact ◽  
Universal Healthcare System

Costa Rica has been hit hard by the COVID-19 pandemic, notwithstanding the authorities’ proactive policy response and the country’s well-established universal healthcare system. The socio-economic impact has been significant, exacerbating an already fragile outlook and pre-existing imbalances, with a significant toll on economic activity and unemployment—especially among women and the young. The shock has further weakened the country’s fiscal position, undermining the expected yields from the ambitious fiscal reform launched in late 2018, and generated a large financing gap. Financial support through the Fund’s Rapid Financing Instrument (RFI) in 2020 provided temporary relief to respond to the pandemic, including by catalyzing financial assistance from other official partners, but financing needs remain sizable over the medium term.

Sidestepping the State: Practices of Social Service Commodification among Nicaraguans in Costa Rica and Nicaragua

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-468
Author(s):  
CAITLIN E. FOURATT ◽  
KOEN VOOREND
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
The State ◽  
The Public ◽  
Migration System ◽  
Universal Healthcare ◽  
Migrant Families ◽  
Widespread Belief ◽  
Universal Healthcare System

AbstractIn Costa Rica, there is a widespread belief among the public and policymakers that the country's ‘exceptional’ universal healthcare system represents a magnet for Nicaraguan immigrants. However, examining immigrants’ actual access to social policy demonstrates the importance of legal and extra-legal mechanisms of exclusion that go hand in hand with official recognition of human rights. This paper critically assesses the relationship between migrants and the state, and public social policy in particular, in both sending and receiving country. We analyse the extent to which Nicaraguan migrant families on both sides of the Costa Rica–Nicaragua migration system incorporate public social protection in their welfare strategies. Drawing on two sets of qualitative data, we find that, on both sides of the border, migrants and their families display very similar commodified practices of welfare strategies, side-stepping the state and purchasing services in the private sector.

scholarly journals Simplification of access to systems of financing innovation enterprise

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
N. Vnukova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Round Table ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Assistance Programs ◽  
Support For Innovation ◽  
Business Entities

Problem setting. The development of innovative entrepreneurship is a strategic task of the state’s financial and economic policy. The high NBU discount rate and other risks slow the pace of this growth and limit the proper financial support for innovative entrepreneurship. Analysis of resent researches and publications. The problems of financial support of entrepreneurship was devoted to the work of O.O. Drugov, R. Pukala, materials of the Round Table “Economic and legal problems of development and promotion of economic activity in modern conditions”, etc. Target of research. To facilitate access to finance, global practice demonstrates the importance of applying national and regional programs related to either the direct financing of individual business projects or the creation of favorable conditions for attracting funding. Article’s main body. Examples of world practice for introducing programs to facilitate access to innovation entrepreneurship was considered. According to the statistical reporting, the sources of financing of scientific development by sectors of economic activity was identified, the use of entrepreneurs’ funds is analyzed, the priority of Kharkiv region in implementation of programs of support of innovation implementation was established. Conclusions and prospects for the development. The programmatic approach used to develop innovative entrepreneurship at the local level is an important component of these transformations, but needs to be expanded through funding, in particular through venture funds and other startup startups with international donors. The intrinsic features of small business entities require government support for innovation, which should be facilitated through access to funding from a variety of sources. When expanding the use of regional assistance programs, their methodology should be changed to enhance the capacity to develop innovative entrepreneurship.

scholarly journals Molecular Sovereignty: Building a Blood Screening Test for the Brazilian Nation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Koichi Kameda
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
Transition To Democracy ◽  
Universal Healthcare ◽  
National Imaginary ◽  
Constitutional Right ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
Acid Test ◽  
Diagnostic Technologies ◽  
Universal Healthcare System ◽  
Blood Screening

This article interrogates the relationship between the development of national diagnostic technologies and the exercise of sovereignty, by analysing a Brazilian project to produce a nucleic acid test (NAT) for the country’s blood screening programme. The concept of ‘molecular sovereignty’ is proposed to demonstrate that exercising sovereignty demands not only technological resources but also a sufficiently powerful and national imaginary to support local knowledge production as a means of advancing national healthcare priorities. First, this research article contextualises the political importance of blood safety for Brazil during its transition to democracy in the 1980s and the creation of its universal healthcare system. Then, it investigates how adopting the NAT led the state to invest in the production of a national technology. Third, the article unpacks the diagnostic test to consider how certain aspects of the project might ultimately strengthen the ability of global capital to cross national boundaries and create new markets. Lastly, it discusses how the project ended up creating a centralised and ‘closed’ system to avoid leaving the country vulnerable to the entry of global diagnostic companies. This case demonstrates how the molecularisation of blood, through the construction of a unified healthcare system driven by the constitutional right to health, can be deployed to construct imagined communities on the scale of a nation.

Predictors of high financial distress in a national, multiethnic sample of patients with cancer.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (28_suppl) ◽  
pp. 149-149
Author(s):  
Meera Vimala Ragavan ◽  
Rosie Cunningham ◽  
Andrea Incudine ◽  
Hala Borno ◽  
Thomas Stivers
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Financial Distress ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Financial Stress ◽  
The United States ◽  
Financial Assistance ◽  
Financial Toxicity ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Patient Reported

149 Background: Financial toxicity is characterized by financial burden that patients face. Patients and providers are seldom aware of available resource to help mitigate this growing problem. To date, our understanding of the myriad of financial repercussions of cancer treatment remains limited. Prior published research has largely been single center, thereby limiting generalizability across the United States. This study leveraged a national, multi-ethnic sample of patients who receive financial support services including comprehensive financial assistance, navigation, planning, and a guidebook with relevant resources from a non-profit entity (Family Reach) to evaluate financial stress in during cancer treatment. Methods: Patients were identified for study participation if they received at least one financial support resource from Family Reach between 1/1/2020-6/30/2020. An 11-item survey was sent electronically to all eligible participants who were given a one-month time frame to complete. A multivariate model was employed to identify sociodemographic predictors of high financial distress. Results: A total of 832 patients were contacted, of whom 330 (40%) completed the survey. Demographic information is included in table. Patient reported financial distress in the prior week was high, with 46% of patients reporting a distress level of seven or higher on a ten-point scale. In a multivariate regression, Hispanic/Latinx ethnicity was associated with a higher distress rating and higher patient reported financial stress. Lower annual household income was associated with lower reports of feeling in financial control, lower reports of meeting monthly expenses, and higher reports of financial stress. Conclusions: Patient-reported financial distress was high in a national sample of patients with cancer who had utilized at least one financial resource provided by Family Reach. Hispanic ethnicity and Lower Annual Income were predictors of higher patient-reported financial distress. Larger samples are needed to confirm these patterns. Delivery systems should develop targeted interventions, including referrals to organizations providing financial assistance, for patient populations at high risk for financial toxicity. [Table: see text]

Evaluation of disparity in care for perforated appendicitis in a universal healthcare system

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M. Fluke ◽  
Christian S. McEvoy ◽  
Anne H. Peruski ◽  
Christina A. Shibley ◽  
Brian T. Adams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
Perforated Appendicitis ◽  
Universal Healthcare ◽  
Universal Healthcare System

scholarly journals Woodrow Wilson's Use of the Non-Recognition Policy in Costa Rica

1965 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
George W. Baker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foreign Policies

Of all Woodrow Wilson's foreign policies, none is more deserving of criticism than his non-recognition policy. This policy, initiated by the President within a week after his accession to office on March 4, 1913, in response to the news of violent revolutionary disturbances in Mexico and Nicaragua, was primarily predicated on Wilson's assumption that the best way to prevent the recurrence of revolutions in Caribbean nations would be to warn all would-be revolutionists that they could expect no political or financial support from the United States. Ultimately he hoped that he could end the threat of revolution and induce all Latin American nations to abide by constitutional and democratic forms of government.

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