Positive effects of trauma among people living with human immunodeficiency virus – the role of rumination and coping strategies

Introduction: HIV is a chronic disease that continues to increase from year to year, with many symptoms or obstacles encountered by HIV sufferers when going about their day. The experience of HIV sufferers is important to know in order to find out what they have experienced for as long as they have had the disease. The objective of this qualitative systematic review is to describe the experiences of people living with HIV.Methods: The method used was searching for journals using the pre-determined keywords of ‘experience’, ‘living with HIV’ and ‘coping’ through the databases of Scopus, ProQuest, PubMed and Sage between 2014 and 2019.Results: The study results showed that there was still discrimination against people with HIV. They also experienced health problems due to the effects of the therapy, unpreparedness in accepting their conditions and the prevention of transmission to their family members.Conclusion: Understanding the role of uncertainty, stigma and resilience is important, since these factors may very well contribute to the patient’s mental health.

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The Relationships between Self-care and Coping Strategy among People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2021.7332 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (T6) ◽

pp. 52-56

Author(s):

Kusman Ibrahim ◽

Desri Resnawati ◽

Laili Rahayuwati ◽

Yusshy Kurnia Herliani ◽

Nursiswati Nursiswati

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Coping Strategy ◽

Self Care ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Care Assessment ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

And Coping

AIM: This study aims to examine the relationships between self-care and coping strategy among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH). METHODS: A cross-sectional design involving 76 subjects of PLWH who attended the HIV clinic at a District Hospital in West Java Province, Indonesia. They met inclusion criteria such as being adult, has been living with HIV for over 1 year, and be able to communicate both verbal and written in Bahasa Indonesia. Self-care was measured by the 41-item Self-care Assessment Worksheet instrument, and coping strategies were measured by the 60-item Jalowiec Coping Scale. Pearson-product moment correlation was performed to examine the relationships between self-care and coping strategy scores. RESULTS: The majority of respondents (57.8%) used the emotion focused coping strategy such as supportant (31.5%) followed by fatalistic (21%) and optimistic (17.1%) when they deal with stressful situations. Optimistic coping was reported as the most effective coping by the respondents. Nearly half of respondents (42%) have intermediate self-care level which the highest number of self-care was medication. There was a significantly relationship between problem-focused coping strategy and the self-care scores (r = 0.378, p < 0.01). Confrontive coping strategy has positive correlation with symptoms management (r = 0.264, p < 0.05) and stress management (r = 0.280, p < 0.05). Self-care information has positive correlation with palliative coping strategy (r = 0.281, p < 0.05) and supportant coping strategy management (r = 0.236, p < 0.05). Prevention and medication have positive correlation with optimistic emotional coping strategy (r = 0.264, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Understanding PLWH coping strategies could assist nurses to reinforce patient’s positive coping strategies and change maladaptive coping strategies. Nurses could facilitate patients to develop a more adaptive coping strategies in enhancing self-care capability among PLWH.

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Online Gambling Activity, Pay-to-Win Payments, Motivation to Gamble and Coping Strategies as Predictors of Gambling Disorder Among e-sports Bettors

Journal of Gambling Studies ◽

10.1007/s10899-021-10015-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bernadeta Lelonek-Kuleta ◽

Rafał Piotr Bartczuk

Keyword(s):

Coping Strategies ◽

Predictive Model ◽

Gambling Disorder ◽

Online Gambling ◽

Gambling Activity ◽

Psychological Variables ◽

Betting Behavior ◽

Game Session ◽

And Coping

AbstractResearch on esports activity usually captures it from the perspective of involvement in gaming. This study presents the results of the first research in Poland (N = 438) on esports betting (ESB). ESB is compared to other forms of e-gambling and involvement in pay-to-win games. The aim was to build a predictive model of gambling disorder among people betting on esports. A predictive model of gambling disorder based on ordinal regression was built, including sociodemographic variables, involvement in esports betting, involvement in other Internet activities connected to ESB, as well as psychological variables—motivation to gamble and coping strategies. The results showed that gambling disorder among esports bettors is associated with time spent on one game session, placing other forms of online gambling bets once a week or more often, and paying in pay-to-win games. Gambling disorder was also predicted by escape coping strategies and lower engaged strategies as well as financial and coping motivation to bet on esports results. The results show the crucial role of psychological factors (motivation, coping) in the development of esports betting addiction. Esports betting is an activity associated with both gambling and gaming—involvement in both activities explains the development of ESB addiction. There is a need for further research focused on the specificity of esports betting behavior to discover the direction of links among gaming, gambling, and esports gambling.

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From Capsids to Complexes: Expanding the Role of TRIM5α in the Restriction of Divergent RNA Viruses and Elements

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13030446 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 446

Author(s):

Kevin M. Rose ◽

Stephanie J. Spada ◽

Rebecca Broeckel ◽

Kristin L. McNally ◽

Vanessa M. Hirsch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Molecular Basis ◽

Human Population ◽

Rna Viruses ◽

Arms Race ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Hiv 1

An evolutionary arms race has been ongoing between retroviruses and their primate hosts for millions of years. Within the last century, a zoonotic transmission introduced the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1), a retrovirus, to the human population that has claimed the lives of millions of individuals and is still infecting over a million people every year. To counteract retroviruses such as this, primates including humans have evolved an innate immune sensor for the retroviral capsid lattice known as TRIM5α. Although the molecular basis for its ability to restrict retroviruses is debated, it is currently accepted that TRIM5α forms higher-order assemblies around the incoming retroviral capsid that are not only disruptive for the virus lifecycle, but also trigger the activation of an antiviral state. More recently, it was discovered that TRIM5α restriction is broader than previously thought because it restricts not only the human retroelement LINE-1, but also the tick-borne flaviviruses, an emergent group of RNA viruses that have vastly different strategies for replication compared to retroviruses. This review focuses on the underlying mechanisms of TRIM5α-mediated restriction of retroelements and flaviviruses and how they differ from the more widely known ability of TRIM5α to restrict retroviruses.

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