Factoren die een rol spelen bij het denken over rechtvaardige verdeling van vermogen en inkomen : Een surveyonderzoek onder de Nederlandse bevolking

Abstract Factors That Influence How People Think About the Fairness of Distribution of Wealth and Income: A Survey Study Among Dutch CitizensEver since ancient Greece, people have philosophized and discussed about the fair distribution of resources. A body of empirical research on this topic has emerged in the second half of the 20st century. Oftentimes, respondents are presented with a distribution and asked whether they consider it just. In this paper, respondents are asked to allocate a sum of money across three families that represent distinct allocation principles ‐ we study the principles of equality, need, subjective performance, and objective performance. We find that individuals heavily weigh the need principle in their allocation decisions. However, our research also shows that allocation behavior is on the one hand dependent on the situation and on the other hand associated with individual factors. Political preference and gender do not influence the allocation behaviors of individuals, but religion and age have the hypothesized effects.

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Individual Factors Affecting the Participation of Turkish People in the New Individual Pension System

Research Anthology on Personal Finance and Improving Financial Literacy ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-8049-3.ch006 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 98-110

Author(s):

Emine Ebru Aksoy

Keyword(s):

Pension System ◽

Survey Study ◽

Individual Factors ◽

Limited Participation ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

System A ◽

Opt Out ◽

Turkish People ◽

And Gender ◽

The Individual

In Turkey, the first step of the individual pension system was based on volunteerism, but the voluntary system resulted in limited participation. Thus, the second step of the system has started to be implemented mandatorily since 2017, and participants were allowed to opt-out the system within two months. More than half of participants in the system preferred to leave the system. Therefore, this study aims to examine individual factors affecting their decision of staying in this system. A survey study was conducted with 374 people selected using the random sampling method. As a result of the study, a positive relationship was found only between the dependent variable and gender, but a significant relationship was determined only between the dependent variable and education level. Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that if the system will need to be improved, the low-performing fund management of the new individual pension system should be re-audited, and the confidence in the system should be increased in this way.

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Individual Factors Affecting the Participation of Turkish People in the New Individual Pension System

Behavioral Finance and Decision-Making Models - Advances in Finance, Accounting, and Economics ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-7399-9.ch006 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 104-116

Author(s):

Emine Ebru Aksoy

Keyword(s):

Pension System ◽

Survey Study ◽

Individual Factors ◽

Limited Participation ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

System A ◽

Opt Out ◽

Turkish People ◽

And Gender ◽

The Individual

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Internet usage patterns and gender differences: a decision tree approach

10.31124/advance.8040185 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Dijana Kovacevic ◽

Ljiljana Kascelan

Keyword(s):

Decision Tree ◽

Internet Usage ◽

The Internet ◽

Modified Model ◽

Explanatory Variables ◽

Internet Users ◽

Usage Patterns ◽

And Gender ◽

The One ◽

Web Developers

the present study deals with a more detailed, and updated, modified model that allows for the identification of internet usage patterns by gender. The model was modified due to the development of the internet and new access models, on the one hand, and to the fact that previous studies mainly focuses on various individual (non-interactive) influences of certain factors, on the other. The Decision Tree (DT) method, which is used in our study, does not require a pre-defined underlying relationship. In addition, the method allows a great many explanatory variables to be processed and the most important variables are easy to identify. Obtained results can serve as to web developers and designers, since by indicating the differences between male and female internet users in terms of their behaviour on the internet it can help in deciding when, where and how to address and appeal to which section of the user base. It is especially important to know their online preferences in order to enable the adequate and targeted placement of information, actions or products and services for the intended target groups.

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Feeling Threatened by Immigrants: The Role of Ideology and Subjective Societal Status

10.31234/osf.io/6dw4y ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Bollwerk ◽

Bernd Schlipphak ◽

Joscha Stecker ◽

Jens Hellmann ◽

Gerald Echterhoff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Online Survey ◽

Middle Eastern ◽

Social Dominance Orientation ◽

Survey Study ◽

Future Research ◽

Right Wing Authoritarianism ◽

Threat Perceptions ◽

Contextual Determinants ◽

Intergroup Conflicts ◽

And Gender

Threat perceptions towards immigrants continue to gain importance in the context of growing international migration. To reduce associated intergroup conflicts, it is crucial to understand the personal and contextual determinants of perceived threat. In a large online survey study (N = 1,184), we investigated the effects of ideology (i.e., Right-Wing Authoritarianism and Social Dominance Orientation), subjective societal status (SSS) and their interaction effects in predicting symbolic and realistic threat perceptions towards Middle Eastern immigrants. Results showed that ideology (higher RWA and SDO) and lower SSS significantly predicted both symbolic and realistic threat, even after controlling for income, education, age, and gender. Furthermore, ideology and SSS interacted significantly in predicting realistic threat, with higher levels of SDO and RWA enhancing the effect of SSS. In the discussion, we focus on the implications of our findings with respect to understanding societal conflicts, discuss methodological limitations, and provide directions for future research.

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Introduction

10.1093/oso/9780190857790.003.0001 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Patrick Colm Hogan

Keyword(s):

Queer Theory ◽

Social Constructionism ◽

The Other ◽

Sexual Identities ◽

The Third ◽

Sexuality And Gender ◽

And Gender ◽

Sexual Part ◽

The One ◽

And Behavior

The introduction first sets out some preliminary definitions of sex, sexuality, and gender. It then turns from the sexual part of Sexual Identities to the identity part. A great deal of confusion results from failing to distinguish between identity in the sense of a category with which one identifies (categorial identity) and identity in the sense of a set of patterns that characterize one’s cognition, emotion, and behavior (practical identity). The second section gives a brief summary of this difference. The third and fourth sections sketch the relation of the book to social constructionism and queer theory, on the one hand, and evolutionary-cognitive approaches to sex, sexuality, and gender, on the other. The fifth section outlines the value of literature in not only illustrating, but advancing a research program in sex, sexuality, and gender identity. Finally, the introduction provides an overview of the chapters in this volume.

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Hiketeia

The Journal of Hellenic Studies ◽

10.2307/631455 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 93 ◽

pp. 74-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

John Gould

Keyword(s):

Dominant Role ◽

Ancient Greece ◽

Social Institutions ◽

The Other ◽

Sixth Century ◽

Dead Body ◽

Greek Literature ◽

The World ◽

The One ◽

Working Out

To Professor E. R. Dodds, through his edition of Euripides'Bacchaeand again inThe Greeks and the Irrational, we owe an awareness of new possibilities in our understanding of Greek literature and of the world that produced it. No small part of that awareness was due to Professor Dodds' masterly and tactful use of comparative ethnographic material to throw light on the relation between literature and social institutions in ancient Greece. It is in the hope that something of my own debt to him may be conveyed that this paper is offered here, equally in gratitude, admiration and affection.The working out of the anger of Achilles in theIliadbegins with a great scene of divine supplication in which Thetis prevails upon Zeus to change the course of things before Troy in order to restore honour to Achilles; it ends with another, human act in which Priam supplicates Achilles to abandon his vengeful treatment of the dead body of Hector and restore it for a ransom. The first half of theOdysseyhinges about another supplication scene of crucial significance, Odysseus' supplication of Arete and Alkinoos on Scherie. Aeschylus and Euripides both wrote plays called simplySuppliants, and two cases of a breach of the rights of suppliants, the cases of the coup of Kylon and that of Pausanias, the one dating from the mid-sixth century, the other from around 470 B.C. or soon after, played a dominant role in the diplomatic propaganda of the Spartans and Athenians on the eve of the Peloponnesian War.

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Biracial American Colorism: Passing for White

American Behavioral Scientist ◽

10.1177/0002764218810747 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 62 (14) ◽

pp. 2072-2086 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Keshia L. Harris

Keyword(s):

Native Americans ◽

Family Income ◽

Racial Groups ◽

Science Literature ◽

Racial Identification ◽

Social Science Literature ◽

And Gender ◽

The One ◽

Identification Processes ◽

The U.S

Biracial Americans constitute a larger portion of the U.S. population than is often acknowledged. According to the U.S. Census, 8.4 million people or 2.6% of the population identified with two or more racial origins in 2016. Arguably, these numbers are misleading considering extensive occurrences of interracial pairings between Whites and minority racial groups throughout U.S. history. Many theorists posit that the hypodescent principle of colorism, colloquially known as “the one drop rule,” has influenced American racial socialization in such a way that numerous individuals primarily identify with one racial group despite having parents from two different racial backgrounds. While much of social science literature examines the racial identification processes of biracial Americans who identify with their minority heritage, this article focuses on contextual factors such as family income, neighborhood, religion, and gender that influence the decision for otherwise African/Asian/Latino/Native Americans to identify as White.

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Across the Western Sea (1783-1845)

Journal of British Studies ◽

10.1086/385447 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 91-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michael Kraus

Keyword(s):

Eighteenth Century ◽

Western Europe ◽

Oscar Wilde ◽

Ancient Greece ◽

Natural Rights ◽

Human Freedom ◽

Native Land ◽

Freedom Of Movement ◽

The World ◽

The One

In ancient Greece the priests of Apollo asserted that freedom of movement was one of the essentials of human freedom. Many hundreds of years later, toward the end of the eighteenth century, people in the Atlantic world again talked of emigration as one of man's natural rights. It was in northern and western Europe that easier mobility was first achieved within the various states. The next step was to use that mobility to leap local boundaries to reach the lands across the western sea. From the “unsettlement of Europe” (Lewis Mumford's phrase) came the settlement of America.Americans and those who wished to become Americans felt at home in the geographical realm conceived by Oscar Wilde. “A map of the world that does not include Utopia,” he said, “is not even worth glancing at, for it leaves out the one country at which Humanity is always landing. Progress is the realization of Utopias.” It was the belief that Utopias were being realized in America that caused millions to leave Europe for homes overseas.IA Scottish observer, Alexander Irvine, inquiring into the causes and effects of emigration from his native land (1802), remarked that there were “few emigrations from despotic countries,” as “their inhabitants bore their chains in tranquility”; “despotism has made them afraid to think.” Nevertheless, though proud of the freedom his countrymen enjoyed, Irvine was critical of their irrational expectations in setting forth to America. There were few individuals or none in the Highlands, he said, “who have not some expectation of being some time great or affluent.

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Benessere tra differenze e disuguaglianze di genere in salute

SALUTE E SOCIETÀ ◽

10.3280/ses2011-003007 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 95-113

Author(s):

Rita Biancheri

Keyword(s):

Theoretical Analysis ◽

Empirical Research ◽

Personal History ◽

The Other ◽

Sex And Gender ◽

Welfare Systems ◽

Life Context ◽

And Gender ◽

The One ◽

Sick Individual

Up to now, in the traditional biomedical paradigm the terms "sex" and "gender" have either been used synonymously and the insertion of gender among the determining elements of conditions of wellbeing/disease has been difficult, and obstructed by disciplinary rigidities that retarded the acceptance of an approach which had already been largely found to be valid in other areas of research. The effected simplification demonstrated its limitations in describing the theme of health; but if, on the one hand, there has been a growing awareness of a subject which can in no way be considered "neutral", on the other hand there continues to be insufficient attention, both in theoretical analysis and in empirical research, given to female differences. The article is intended to support that the sick individual is a person, with his/her genetic heritage, his/her own cultural acquisitions and personal history, and own surrounding life context; but these and similar factors have not traditionally been taken into consideration by official medicine and welfare systems, despite a hoped-for socio-health integration.

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Transsexualism and Gender Reassignment

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.165.3.418 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 165 (3) ◽

pp. 417-419 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. P. Snaith ◽

A. D. Hohberger

Keyword(s):

Sexual Differences ◽

Gender Reassignment ◽

The World ◽

And Gender ◽

Accepted Practice ◽

The One

SummaryGender reassignment for carefully assessed transsexual patients is now an established and accepted practice in many parts of the world. In other areas customary attitudes to those with sexual differences prevents consideration. A large number of autobiographies by reassigned patients have been published and all throw light on the experience of the writers. The one which may be recommended is that by Morris (1974). For the interested layperson enquiring about the nature of transsexualism the brief book by Hodgkinson (1987) may be recommended.

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