scholarly journals PERJANJIAN PENYERAHAN WILAYAH UTARA BORNEO 1865, 1877 DAN 1878: TINJAUAN AWAL TERHADAP PERBANDINGAN INTIPATI PERJANJIAN

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
DG. JUNAIDAH BINTI AWANG JAMBOL ◽  
BASZLEY BEE BIN BASRAH BEE
Keyword(s):  
Northern Territory ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Northern Province ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
North Borneo ◽  
Local Sources ◽  
History Of ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Northern Territories

Makalah ini merupakan satu usaha untuk membahaskan semula pandangan mengenai perjanjian-perjanjian 1865, 1877 dan 1878 tentang penyerahan wilayah utara Borneo oleh Kesultanan Brunei dan Kesultanan Sulu kepada British North Borneo (Chatered) Company (BNBC) yang diwakili oleh Overbeck dan Alfred Dent. Sumber primer sedia ada telah diinterpretasi semula oleh penulis dalam perspektif yang baharu. Dihujahkan bahawa perjanjian penyerahan wilayah utara Borneo pada tahun 1865, 1877 dan 1878 yang dilakukan oleh Kesultanan Brunei dan Kesultanan Sulu ini telah menghasilkan suatu peristiwa yang dilihat daripada dua dimensi yang berbeza di dalam pensejarahan Borneo Utara. Kajian lepas banyak diteluri dengan sumber dokumentasi barat sehingga mengabaikan sumber tempatan yang dianggap bersifat berat sebelah terutamanya apabila Kesultanan Brunei menafikan penyerahan sebahagian wilayah utara Borneo kepada Kesultanan Sulu. Namun pada masa yang sama Kesultanan Sulu tetap meneguhkan pendiriannya bahawa telah berlaku penyerahan tersebut kepadanya dengan menggunakan perjanjian 1878 sebagai pengesahan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa perjanjian penyerahan wilayah utara Borneo 1865, 1877 dan 1878 berlaku disebabkan oleh kegagalan Kesultanan Brunei dan Kesultanan Sulu untuk mengawal politik pentadbiran di tanah jajahan masing-masing sehingga terpaksa melakukan penyerahan wilayah mengikut terma perjanjian Barat bagi memastikan kedua-dua buah Kesultanan tersebut mampu untuk terus survival. Kajian ini juga mendapati bahawa kepelbagaian tafsiran terhadap terjemahan kandungan perjanjian juga turut memberikan implikasi besar terhadap kefahaman masyarakat sehingga menimbulkan pelbagai spekulasi dan pertikaian yang berterusan sehingga kini. Justeru itu, makalah ini akan cuba untuk menganalisis perbandingan perjanjian penyerahan Borneo Utara pada tahun 1865, 1877 dan 1878 bagi merungkaikan kebenaran peristiwa sejarah antara Kesultanan Brunei dan Kesultanan Sulu sehingga membawa kepada berlakunya penyerahan wilayah ini secara total kepada BNBC.   This paper is an attempt to the explanation of the cession of the northern territory of Borneo by the Sultanate of Brunei and the Sultanate of Sulu to the British North Borneo (Chatered) Company (BNBC) represented by Overbeck and Alfred Dent. Existing primary sources has been reinterpreted by the authors in a new perspective. It is argued that the treaties of surrender of the northern territories of Borneo in 1865, 1877 and 1878 made by the Sultanate of Brunei and the Sultanate of Sulu have produced an event seen from two different dimensions in the history of North Borneo. Past studies have been heavily influenced by western documentations so that ignoring local sources is considered biased especially when the Sultanate of Brunei denies the surrender of a part of North Borneo territory to the Sultanate of Sulu. Yet at the same time the Sultanate of Sulu maintained its position that there had been the surrender of the northern province of Borneo to it by using the 1878 treaty as confirmation. The findings of the study showed that the northern Borneo territorial agreements of 1865, 1877 and 1878 occurred due to the failure of the Sultanate of Brunei and Sulu to control administrative politics in their respective colonies so that they had to surrender the territories in accordance with the terms of the Western agreement to ensure continuous survival. This study also found that the variety of interpretations on the translation in the content of the agreement also has significant implications on the understanding of society, leading to various speculations and disputes up to this day. Therefore, this paper will attempt to analyze the comparison of North Borneo cession agreements in 1865, 1877 and 1878 to unravel the truth of historical events between the Sultanate of Brunei and the Sultanate of Sulu leading to the total surrender of this territory to BNBC.  

scholarly journals Correction and resocialization of convicted persons on the territory of Ukraine in the XIX–XX centuries: theoretical and practical aspects

2021 ◽  
pp. 131-154
Author(s):  
S. F. Denysov ◽  
D. Ye. Zaika
Keyword(s):  
Primary Sources ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Totalitarian Regime ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Labor Camps ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

The article is devoted to a step-by-step study aimed at reproducing the chain of historical events, peculiarities of the origin and primary legislative consolidation of the processes of correction and resocialization in the system of execution of criminal punishments on the territory of Ukraine. The authors set the goal to analyze not only the gradation of scientific and philosophical thought on the correction and resocialization of convicts in the XIX–XX centuries, but also to investigate the level of practical implementation of doctrinal provisions. The main historical events that influenced the development of correction and resocialization in the demarcation, repressive and reorganization periods of the history of Ukraine were outlined. Particular attention was paid to the analysis of regulations. The aim was to investigate not only the terminological component, but also the actual presence, because the resocialization of convicts existed long before its legislative consolidation in its modern form. To write the article, the authors used quotes from leading scholars of the period under study, statistics on the number of convicts in Ukraine in different periods of history, materials of public speeches of leading lawyers and a number of primary sources of historical significance. It was found that in the XIX–XX centuries. correction and resocialization have gone through a difficult path of formation and further transformation. The formation of a modern approach to understanding these concepts was influenced by several complex reforms of the pre-revolutionary and Soviet periods, two world wars, a series of civil revolutions, the influence of about five separate state formations during political instability and destruction, periods of state formation, political usurpation with totalitarian regime. and a network of correctional labor camps, "thaw", complete Sovietization and a radical paradigm shift, which was associated with the improvement of domestic and foreign experience in the late twentieth century.

Changing patterns of migration to Australia's Northern Territory: Evidence of new forms of escalator migration to frontier regions?

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Martel ◽  
Andrew Taylor ◽  
Dean Carson
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Career Advancement ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
New Perspective

Building on Fielding’s idea of escalator regions as places where young people migrate (often temporarily) to get rapid career advancement, this paper proposes a new perspective on 'escalator migration' as it applies to frontier or remote regions in particular. Life events, their timing and iterations have changed in the thirty years since Fielding first coined the term ‘escalator region’, with delayed adulthood, multiple career working lives, population ageing and different dynamics between men and women in the work and family sphere. The object of this paper is to examine recent migration trends to Australia's Northern Territory for evidence of new or emerging 'escalator migrants'.

Newton and the Origin of Civilization

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jed Z. Buchwald ◽  
Mordechai Feingold
Keyword(s):  
Good Reason ◽  
History Of Mathematics ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Isaac Newton ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Civilizations ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
One Year ◽  
Radical Ideas

Isaac Newton’s Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms Amended, published in 1728, one year after the great man’s death, unleashed a storm of controversy. And for good reason. The book presents a drastically revised timeline for ancient civilizations, contracting Greek history by five hundred years and Egypt’s by a millennium. This book tells the story of how one of the most celebrated figures in the history of mathematics, optics, and mechanics came to apply his unique ways of thinking to problems of history, theology, and mythology, and of how his radical ideas produced an uproar that reverberated in Europe’s learned circles throughout the eighteenth century and beyond. The book reveals the manner in which Newton strove for nearly half a century to rectify universal history by reading ancient texts through the lens of astronomy, and to create a tight theoretical system for interpreting the evolution of civilization on the basis of population dynamics. It was during Newton’s earliest years at Cambridge that he developed the core of his singular method for generating and working with trustworthy knowledge, which he applied to his study of the past with the same rigor he brought to his work in physics and mathematics. Drawing extensively on Newton’s unpublished papers and a host of other primary sources, the book reconciles Isaac Newton the rational scientist with Newton the natural philosopher, alchemist, theologian, and chronologist of ancient history.

Divination and Human Nature

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter T. Struck
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Observable Fact

This book casts a new perspective on the rich tradition of ancient divination—the reading of divine signs in oracles, omens, and dreams. Popular attitudes during classical antiquity saw these readings as signs from the gods while modern scholars have treated such beliefs as primitive superstitions. The book reveals instead that such phenomena provoked an entirely different accounting from the ancient philosophers. These philosophers produced subtle studies into what was an odd but observable fact—that humans could sometimes have uncanny insights—and their work signifies an early chapter in the cognitive history of intuition. Examining the writings of Plato, Aristotle, the Stoics, and the Neoplatonists, the book demonstrates that they all observed how, setting aside the charlatans and swindlers, some people had premonitions defying the typical bounds of rationality. Given the wide differences among these ancient thinkers, the book notes that they converged on seeing this surplus insight as an artifact of human nature, projections produced under specific conditions by our physiology. For the philosophers, such unexplained insights invited a speculative search for an alternative and more naturalistic system of cognition. Recovering a lost piece of an ancient tradition, this book illustrates how philosophers of the classical era interpreted the phenomena of divination as a practice closer to intuition and instinct than magic.

From Culturazing Nature to Naturalizing Culture: The Differing Function of Animal Imagery in Defining Bodies from Homer’s Odysseus to Margaret Atwood’s The Penelopiad

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Begüm Tuğlu
Keyword(s):  
Primary Sources ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Male Voice ◽  
Women Authors ◽  
Western Literature ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
Animal Imagery ◽  
Literary Heritage ◽  
Man And Nature ◽  
History Of

Feminist authors have long been trying to alter the patriarchal structure of the Western society through different aspects. One of these aspects, if not the strongest, is the struggle to overcome centuries long dominance of male authors who have created a masculine history, culture and literature. As recent works of women authors reveal, the strongest possibility of actually achieving an equalitarian society lies beneath the chance of rewriting the history of Western literature. Since the history of Western literature relies on dichotomies that are reminiscences of modernity, the solution to overcome the inequality between the two sexes seems to be to rewrite the primary sources that have influenced the cultural heritage of literature itself. The most dominant dichotomies that shape this literary heritage are represented through the bonds between the concepts of women/man and nature/culture. As one of the most influential epics that depict these dichotomies, Homer's Odysseus reveals how poetry strengthens the authority of the male voice. In order to define the ideal "man", Homer uses a wide scope of animal imagery while forming the identities of male characters. Margaret Atwood, on the other hand, is not contended with Homer's poem in that it never narrates the story from the side of women. As a revisionist mythmaker, Atwood takes the famous story of Odysseus, yet this time presents it from the perspective of Penelope, simultaneously playing on the animal imagery. Within this frame, I intend to explore in this paper how the animal imagery in Homer's most renowned Odysseus functions as a reinforcing tool in the creation of masculine identities and how Margaret Atwood's The Penelopiad defies this formation of identities with the aim of narrating the story from the unheard side, that of the women who are eminently present yet never heard.

A França no limiar de novos tempos: Paul Vidal de La Blache e a regionalização

GEOgraphia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Vic Ozouf-Marignier ◽  
Marie-Claire Robic
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Geographic Thought ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Perspective

No âmbito da renovação dos estudos sobre a história do pensamento geográfico, este artigo se opõe as interpretações que consagraram Paul Vidal de la Blache como um intelectual restrito às relações homem-meio e nostálgico da França camponesa. Uma leitura mais atent valiando a dinâmica sócio-econômica e seus impactos espaciais, a contribuição de Vidal de la Blache propunha, como solução para o futuro da França, uma nova regionalização do território nacional. Abstract This article presents a new perspective in the history of geographic thought, by opposing established approaches to Paul Vidal de Ia Blache as an intelectual restrict to relations man-environment and as a nostalgic of peasant France. A deeper reading of his work reveals a progressive passage from an initial "naturalistic" view to a socio-economic and urban-industrial approach. Through these economic impacts, Vidal proposes, as a solution for the future of France, a new regionalization of national temtory.

After Arminius

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H. McCall ◽  
Keith D. Stanglin
Keyword(s):  
Primary Sources ◽  
Reformed Theology ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
System Building ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Modern Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Vision Of God ◽  
Important Position

“Arminianism” was the subject of important theological controversies in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and it maintains an important position within Protestant thought. What became known as “Arminian” theology was held by people across a swath of geographical and ecclesial positions; it developed in European, British, and American contexts, and it engaged with a wide range of intellectual challenges. While standing together in their common rejection of several key planks of Reformed theology, proponents of Arminianism took various positions on other matters. Some were broadly committed to catholic and creedal theology; others were more open to theological revision. Some were concerned primarily with practical concerns; others were engaged in system building as they sought to articulate and defend an overarching vision of God and the world. The story of this development is both complex and important for a proper understanding of the history of Protestant theology. However, this historical development of Arminian theology is not well known. In this book, Thomas H. McCall and Keith D. Stanglin offer a historical introduction to Arminian theology as it developed in modern thought, providing an account that is based upon important primary sources and recent secondary research that will be helpful to scholars of ecclesial history and modern thought as well as comprehensible and relevant for students.

Nashville Cats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis D. Stimeling
Keyword(s):  
Music History ◽  
Country Music ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Recording Industry ◽  
Global View ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Hall Of Fame ◽  
The City

Nashville Cats: Record Production in Music City, 1945–1975 is the first history of record production during country music’s so-called Nashville Sound era. This period of country music history produced some of the genre’s most celebrated recording artists, including Country Music Hall of Fame inductees Patsy Cline, Jim Reeves, and Floyd Cramer, and marked the establishment of a recording industry that has come to define Nashville in the national and international consciousness. Yet, despite country music’s overwhelming popularity during this period and the continued legacy of the studios that were built in Nashville during the 1950s and 1960s, little attention has been given to the ways in which recording engineers, session musicians, and record producers shaped the sounds of country music during the time. Drawing upon a rich array of previously unexplored primary sources, Nashville Cats: Record Production in Music City, 1945–1975 is the first book to take a global view of record production in Nashville during the three decades that the city’s musicians established the city as the leading center for the production and distribution of country music.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Ben Prestel
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Urban History ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Urban Change ◽  
History Of Emotions ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Perspective

The introduction shows that the historical parallels between cities in Europe and the Middle East during the nineteenth century are an underresearched topic in history, demonstrating that Eurocentric tendencies have led to a separation between historical studies on cities in these two regions. It shows how a comparison between Berlin and Cairo contributes to the study of potential parallels between cities in Europe and the Middle East. It is in this context that the history of emotions opens up a new perspective. While older comparative studies have focused on the origins of urban change, the introduction argues that a history of emotions shifts the focus towards the study of how contemporaries negotiated urban change. In this way, the history of emotions helps to overcome Eurocentric pitfalls and offers the possibility of a more global urban history, in which the histories of Berlin and Cairo begin to speak to each other.

Characters Before Copyright

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew H. Birkhold
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Moral Rights ◽  
Fan Fiction ◽  
Unique Type ◽  
Collaborative Authorship ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Consumer Habits ◽  
Archival Work

How did authors control the literary fates of fictional characters before the existence of copyright? Could a second author do anything with another author’s character? Situated between the decline of the privilege system and the rise of copyright, literary borrowing in eighteenth-century Germany has long been considered unregulated. This book tells a different story. Characters before Copyright documents the surprisingly widespread eighteenth-century practice of writing fan fiction—literary works written by readers who appropriate preexisting characters invented by other authors—and reconstructs the contemporaneous debate about the literary phenomenon. Like fan fiction today, these texts took the form of sequels, prequels, and spinoffs. Analyzing the evolving reading, writing, and consumer habits of late-eighteenth-century Germany, Characters before Copyright identifies the social, economic, and aesthetic changes that fostered the rapid rise of fan fiction after 1750. Based on archival work and an ethnographic approach borrowed from legal anthropology, this book then uncovers the unwritten customary norms that governed the production of these works. Characters before Copyright thus reinterprets the eighteenth-century “literary commons,” arguing that what may appear to have been the free circulation of characters was actually circumscribed by an exacting set of rules and conditions. These norms translated into a unique type of literature that gave rise to remarkable forms of collaborative authorship and originality. Characters before Copyright provides a new perspective on the eighteenth-century book trade and the rise of intellectual property, reevaluating the concept of literary property, the history of moral rights, and the tradition of free culture.

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