Design and Analysis of Non-Uniformly Spaced Dipole Array Antenna

Dipole antenna array is designed at operating frequency of 450MHz using FR4 substrate. Uniform circularly polarized (UCP) and non-uniform circularly polarized (NUCP) dipole arrays are designed. NUCP array is achieved by placing antenna elements at unequal distance from the reference element. Low side lobe level is necessary to reduce interference with other frequencies in the band which is achieved in case of NUCP array compared UCP array. The simulation is carried out using EM flow solver HFSS. The simulation results indicate that there is a reduction in the side lobe level for the 1×7 NUCP array as compared to UCP array. To enhance the gain of the dipole array dielectric lens is used as the secondary radiator which also acts as a radome to protect the array. The maximum gain achieved is 1.59dB with lens. Return loss less than -15dB is achieved in all cases. Axial ratio less than 3dB achieved for circular polarized arrays. The designed NUCP array with lens can be used in SAR (synthetic aperture radar) applications.

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High-Gain Circularly-Polarized Elliptically-Annular Antenna-Array with Reduced Side-Lobe Level

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering - Special Issue ◽

10.35940/ijitee.d1845.029420 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 2319-2325

Keyword(s):

Circular Polarization ◽

Antenna Array ◽

Satellite Communication ◽

Axial Ratio ◽

Side Lobe ◽

High Gain ◽

Side Lobe Level ◽

Single Element ◽

Circularly Polarized ◽

Gain Enhancement

A single feed microstrip patch elliptically annular antenna array has been proposed for high gain circularly polarized (CP) radiation. An array of elliptically annular patches antenna resonates at a frequency of 3.77 GHz which can be used in satellite communication and radar application. A corporate feed network with quarter-wave transformer has been used for uniform excitation of all the array elements. Thus a good circular polarization is obtained by using a single feed with enhanced gain 15.62 dB compared to single patch. The radiation pattern, axial ratio and input impedance of the proposed elliptically annular antenna array is compared with single element elliptically annular antenna. A substantial gain enhancement with low side lobe level (SLL) is observed keeping circular polarization intact. Further, simulated and measured results of the proposed antenna array have been compared and found that axial ratio and gain are in good agreement.

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Antena Susun Berpolarisasi Sirkular dengan Menggunakan Distribusi Daya Dolph Tschebycheff (Circularly Polarized Array Antenna Using Dolph Tschebycheff Power Distribution)

Jurnal Nasional Teknik Elektro dan Teknologi Informasi (JNTETI) ◽

10.22146/jnteti.v9i1.146 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 55-62

Author(s):

Citra Zaskia Pratiwi ◽

Achmad Munir

Keyword(s):

Circular Polarization ◽

Power Distribution ◽

Axial Ratio ◽

Dielectric Substrate ◽

Side Lobe ◽

Array Antenna ◽

Side Lobe Level ◽

Circularly Polarized ◽

Measurement Results ◽

Proximity Coupling

This paper discusses the design and realization of circularly polarized array antenna using Dolph Tschebycheff power distribution. The advantages of implementing circular polarization yield the array antenna suitable for outdoor communication system and can minimize the Faraday effect. The Dolph Tschebycheff power distribution is used to suppress the side lobe of array antenna. The proposed array antenna, which is intended to operate at the frequency of 5.3 GHz, consists of five square patch elements with seven diagonal slots upon each element to enhance the bandwidth and to produce the circular polarization. The array antenna is designed and realized using two layers of FR-4 epoxy dielectric substrate with the dimension of 119 mm × 44.1 mm and the thickness of 0.8 mm for each dielectric substrate. Each patch element is fed using a proximity coupling technique excited through a 50 Ω SMA connector. The measurement results show the bandwidth of 720 MHz, the side lobe level of 12.39 dB, the gain of more than 6 dBi around the frequency of 5.3 GHz, and the 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of 200 MHz. It seems that the realized array antenna could produce wide bandwidth, low side lobe level, and circular polarization, so that it is suitable for WLAN application.

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Side lobe level control in mutually coupled linear dipole antenna array synthesis with craziness based particle swarm optimization

2017 International Electrical Engineering Congress (iEECON) ◽

10.1109/ieecon.2017.8075846 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Ekata Mitra ◽

Poonam Kumari ◽

D. Mandal

Keyword(s):

Particle Swarm Optimization ◽

Antenna Array ◽

Particle Swarm ◽

Side Lobe ◽

Dipole Antenna ◽

Side Lobe Level ◽

Level Control ◽

Swarm Optimization ◽

Linear Dipole ◽

Antenna Array Synthesis

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A Millimeter-Wave Wideband Circularly Polarized Planar Spiral Antenna Array with Unequal Amplitude Feeding Network

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation ◽

10.1155/2021/9955502 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Huakang Chen ◽

Yu Shao ◽

Zhangjian He ◽

Changhong Zhang ◽

Zhizhong Zhang

Keyword(s):

Antenna Array ◽

Millimeter Wave ◽

Printed Circuit Board ◽

Low Cost ◽

Axial Ratio ◽

Circuit Board ◽

Impedance Bandwidth ◽

Side Lobe Level ◽

Archimedean Spiral ◽

Circularly Polarized

A 2 × 2 wideband circularly polarized (CP) antenna array operating at millimeter wave (mmWave) band is presented. The array element is a wideband CP Archimedean spiral radiator with special-shaped ring slot. The elements are fed by an unequal amplitude (UA) feeding network based on a microstrip line (MSL) power divider. The side lobe level is improved by this UA feeding network. In addition, a cross slot is employed to isolate the elements for decoupling. A prototype is fabricated, and the measured results show that the proposed array achieves an impedance bandwidth (IBW) of 6.31 GHz (22.5% referring to 28 GHz) and an axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) of 7.32 GHz (26.1% referring to 28 GHz). The peak gain of the proposed array is 11.3 dBic, and the gain is greater than 9.3 dBic within the whole desired band (from 25 GHz to 31 GHz). The proposed array consists of only one substrate layer and can be built by the conventional printed circuit board technology. Attributed to the characteristics of wide bandwidth, simple structure, low profile, and low cost, the proposed antenna array has a great potential in mmWave wireless communications.

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Desain Antena Mikrostrip Segitiga Terpancung Tunggal LHCP Patch Stack sebagai Basic Sensor CP-SAR

ALINIER: Journal of Artificial Intelligence & Applications ◽

10.36040/alinier.v1i2.3163 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 79-84

Author(s):

Muhammad Fauzan Edy Purnomo

Keyword(s):

Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽

Circular Polarization ◽

Method Of Moments ◽

Axial Ratio ◽

Synthetic Aperture ◽

Circularly Polarized ◽

Left Handed ◽

S Parameter ◽

Radar Applications ◽

Aperture Radar

The development of SAR radar technology (Synthetic Aperture Radar) and aircraft as the carrier media is relatively fast and demands the need for communication facilities and infrastructure that have a variety of platforms and high-quality imaging, which can produce processed data with high resolution and good images for all type explored terrain. Based on the demands of the progress of civilization, the antenna placed on the carrier media should have simple, compact, thin, and conformal characteristics. This research will analyze and study the need for a single, low power microstrip antenna in the L-band (1.25 GHz - 1.27 GHz) for CP (Circularly Polarized)-SAR radar applications. The use of Method of Moments (MoM) show that the result of characteristic performance and S-parameter for the single triangular truncated patch stack Left-Handed Circular Polarization (LHCP) antenna, f = 1.25 GHz, are consecutively 7.23 dBic of gain, 0.51 of axial ratio, -16.35 dB of S-parameter. Moreover, the 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth LHCP antenna is around 15 MHz or the percentage around 1.2% Perkembangan teknologi radar SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) dan pesawat terbang sebagai media pembawanya relatif cepat dan menuntut kebutuhan sarana dan prasarana komunikasi yang memiliki ragam platform dan pencitraan yang berkualitas tinggi, yang mampu menghasilkan data olahan dengan resolusi tinggi dan gambar yang baik untuk segala jenis medan yang dijelajahi. Berdasarkan tuntutan kemajuan peradaban zaman, maka antena yang diletakan pada media pembawa tersebut, seyogyanya memiliki karakteristik sederhana, compact, tipis, dan conformal. Dalam makalah ini akan dianalisis dan dikaji kebutuhan antena mikrostrip tunggal berdaya rendah pada pita L (1,25 GHz - 1,27 GHz) untuk aplikasi radar CP (Circularly Polarized)-SAR. Penggunaan Method of Moments (MoM) menunjukkan bahwa hasil performansi karakteristik dan S-parameter untuk antena segitiga terpancung tunggal Left-Handed Circular Polarization (LHCP) patch stack, f = 1.25 GHz, berturut-turut yaitu gain sebesar 7.23 dBic, axial ratio sebesar 0.51, dan S-parameter sebesar -16.35 dB. Selain itu, bandwidth axial ratio 3-dB antena LHCP sekitar 15 MHz atau persentasinya sebesar 1,2%.

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Design and Simulation of Microstrip Comb-Line Array Antenna at 78.5GHz for Automotive Radar Applications

International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology - Regular Issue ◽

10.35940/ijeat.e9826.069520 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 696-699

Keyword(s):

Side Lobe ◽

Travelling Wave ◽

Substrate Material ◽

Array Antenna ◽

Side Lobe Level ◽

Automotive Radar ◽

Sidelobe Level ◽

Line Array ◽

Linearly Polarized ◽

Radar Applications

The design of low side lobe level 45 degree linearly polarized microstrip comb-line shaped travelling wave array antenna for 77GHz automotive radar applications is presented. The 20 elements array is designed on Astra Isola substrate material. Variable width radiating elements are incorporated in the design to utilize an amplitude tapering technique to achieve lower sidelobe level. Taylor distribution is used to determine voltage excitation. The measured gain is found to be around 16.23dB and the side lobe level of -14.28dB at 78.5GHz.

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Design of an Ultrawideband Circularly Polarized Printed Crossed-Dipole Antenna Based on Genetic Algorithms for S-Band CubeSat Applications

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation ◽

10.1155/2021/8733427 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Jorge Simon ◽

Hugo Perez-Guerrero ◽

Jorge Sosa-Pedroza ◽

Fabiola Martínez-Zúñiga ◽

Juvenal Villanueva-Maldonado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Algorithms ◽

Microstrip Antenna ◽

Axial Ratio ◽

Dipole Antenna ◽

Simulation Software ◽

Operating Frequency ◽

Electromagnetic Simulation ◽

Central Frequency ◽

Circularly Polarized ◽

Application Requirements

As in any satellite, onboard antennas for CubeSats are crucial to establish communication with ground stations or other satellites. According to its application, antennas must comply with standardized requirements related to size, bandwidth, operating frequency, polarization, and gain. This paper presents an ultrawideband circularly polarized two-layer crossed-dipole microstrip antenna for S-band CubeSat applications using genetic algorithms optimization tools included in the 3D electromagnetic simulation software Ansys HFSS. The antenna is constructed on a 10 × 10 cm Cuclad-250 substrate with a back copper flat plane, located at λ/4 at 2.25 GHz operating frequency. The backplane with the exact substrate dimensions improves gain and reduces inside satellite radiation. Measured bandwidth defined by S11 at a −10 dB was higher than 1835 MHz with S11 = −24.68 dB at the central frequency of 2.25 GHz, while measured VSWR at the same frequency was 1.124. At 2.25 GHz, the maximum measured gain and the minimum measured axial ratio in the broadside direction were found to be 6 dBi and 0.22 dB, respectively. There are antenna simulations and measurements, as long as its fabrication guarantees application requirements that make it ready for prespace testing.

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Wideband circularly polarized antenna with metallic walls for L-band applications

Circuit World ◽

10.1108/cw-10-2020-0271 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Pourbagher ◽

Changiz Ghobadi ◽

Javad Nourinia ◽

Rahim Naderali

Keyword(s):

Frequency Band ◽

Phase Shifter ◽

Ground Plane ◽

Axial Ratio ◽

Dipole Antenna ◽

Impedance Bandwidth ◽

Content Type ◽

Circularly Polarized ◽

Study Results ◽

L Band

Purpose To achieve right-hand circular polarization (RHCP), a 3-dB Wilkinson power divider with a λ/4 phase shifter is used. The crossed-dipoles are placed at almost λ/4 elevation on the ground plane and connected to two coaxial cables. Experiments show that the impedance bandwidth of 49.40% (913.7–1,513.1 MHz) and axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) of 22.88% (1,145.8–1,441.8 MHz) are achieved. Design/methodology/approach In this study, a wideband crossed-dipole antenna with circularly polarized (CP) radiation for L-band satellite and radar applications is presented. The proposed CP antenna comprises two orthogonally placed printed dipoles, a quadrature coupler and a box-shaped ground plane. Findings Furthermore, by fixing the box-shaped ground plane under the radiators, 5.13 dBic RHCP peak gain at 1,300 MHz and maximum half-power beamwidth (HPBW) of 84.5° at 1,170 MHz are realized for the antenna. Originality/value Eight metallic walls are connected to four corners of the substrate to stabilize the radiation properties in this study. Results show that the ARBW and front-to-back ratio are improved and the maximum HPBW around 127° across the operating frequency band is achieved. The proposed CP antenna is a good candidate for Global Positioning System (GPS) L2 (1.227 GHz), GPS L5 (1.176 GHz) and air route surveillance radar system at 1,215–1,390 MHz frequency band.

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