scholarly journals GENDER BASED COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL INCLUSION OF WOMEN IN HILL RURAL REGIONS OF UTTARAKHAND: A STUDY OF PAURI, CHAMOLI AND RUDRAPRAYAG DISTRICT

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
PRASHANT KANDARI
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Policy Measure ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Bank Account ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Gender Based

The existence of gender gap in various socio-economic parameters is largely associated with regions such as hill rural regions of Uttarakhand which are underdeveloped and resource deprived. Various policy measures were implemented in these regions for reducing these gaps and simultaneously empowering women of these regions. Financial inclusion is one such policy initiatives which carried a holistic approach in development of a region and empowerment of its community along with focus on empowerment of weaker sections of the population. Financial inclusion has been the priority agenda for government mainly in 21 century and the major drive of financial inclusion was launched in August, 2014 which was named as the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY). PMJDY aims to deliver banking services to every unbanked household and is based on the guiding principles of banking the unbanked, securing the unsecured, funding the unfunded and serving unserved and underserved areas. But as it is comprehensive policy measure the financial inclusion not only signifies access to/holding of bank account or credit or any such basic facility but also requires the effective and regular utilisation of these facilities. In this context the present study explores the existence of gender gap in context of financial inclusion in hill rural regions of Uttarakhand and discusses the factors which inhibit the financial inclusion of women.

scholarly journals FINANCIAL INCLUSION AND WOMEN EMPOWERMENT: A GENDER PERSPECTIVE

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 229-237
Author(s):  
Bincy George ◽  
K.T. Thomachan
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Bank Account ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Low Income Groups

This paper examines women empowerment associated with financial inclusion. Financial inclusion is delivery of banking services at an affordable cost to the vast sections of disadvantaged and the low-income groups. The various financial services include access to saving, credit, insurance, bank account etc. The access to financial services helps women in their social and economic development. It is noted that access to financial service through financial inclusion do have impact upon the social and financial empowerment of women leading to their overall empowerment.

Banking or Under-banking: Spatial Role of Financial Inclusion and Exclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 097300522110371
Author(s):  
Rajat Singh Yadav ◽  
Kalluru Siva Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Spatial Density ◽  
Bank Account ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Economic Agents

Access to bank account is only a part of the problem when we talk of financial inclusion because several people with a bank account are not necessarily using them to deposit their savings or carry out transactions. This article makes an attempt to examine the reasons for low utilisation of banking facilities. It employs financial inclusion insights (FII) data for Indian population to find out an outcome of financial inclusion (and thus social inclusion as well) based on the usage of banking services with covariates like financial literacy, the probability that any financial service is accessible to the respondent in terms distance, type of mobile phone and spatial density. We use truncated probit model to measure the incidence of under-banking. Our findings show that there is a negative association between supply-side constraints and usage of banking services, implying that low access to financial services in time and space stands as a hindrance to financial inclusion. Further, we find from the financial inclusion and exclusion map at the district level that even though economic agents intend to participate in the space in which he/she is living is not much inclusive.

Customer Satisfaction towards Financial Inclusion: A Case Study of Rural Cooperative Banks in Belgaum District

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Praveen A. Korbu
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Bank Account ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Cooperative Banks

Co-operative banks are playing an important role in the achievement of the goal of financial inclusion. These banks with their extensive branch network and localized operational base, also engage in recreation of the development process, credit delivery and deposits mobilization in rural areas. Through their variety of services, they are reaching vulnerable sections of the society. In this paper, an attempt has been made to study the customer satisfaction towards financial inclusion by rural co-operative banks. The sample units constitute 100 cooperative banks (registered under the KCS Act, 1956) and 300 Customers from three regions (i.e. Belagavi, Chikkodi, Bailhongal headed by ARCS) of Belgaum District selected randomly. The study focuses on the classification of customers on the basis of age, gender, education, occupation, annual income and type of accounts they hold. This research finds reasons for not possessing a bank account, level of awareness of customers towards banking services, factors determining satisfaction of their bank, and the level of satisfaction of customers towards banking services. The study concludes with suitable suggestions to improve the customer satisfaction.

scholarly journals Examination of the Status of Financial Inclusion and Its Determinants in Tanzania

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephat Lotto
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Telecommunication Network ◽  
Financial Education ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Financial Access ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Mobile Financial Services

The primary motive of this paper is to examine the determinants of financial inclusion in Tanzania. The paper borrows data from a household survey conducted by TWAWEZA. Employing the probit regression, the findings of this paper reveal that gender, education, age and income are the pertinent factors which affect the financial inclusion in Tanzania. The paper further shows the following: First, if you are a man, financially stable, have a good education and are relatively older, you then stand better chances of being financially included. The results show that, as the level of education increases, the individual is more likely to be financially included. The possible reason for this observation may be clearly linked with the financial ability of educated individuals to afford holding bank accounts and presenting personal guarantees when required by the banks during loan application because the level of education goes parallel with the income level. In addition, the results confirm a gender gap in formal financial inclusion, and this may be due to the factors such as inability of women to show collateral, their poor financial education awareness and lower business experience. Second, the paper also shows that the factors which affect traditional banking services are the same as those affecting mobile banking services (gender, age, income and education), and that there is a negative trend and a clear departure of customers’ usage from banking retail services to mobile financial services. Although this gap has been narrowed recently, the best option with the banking sector is to create more new delivery channels while using mobile financial services as an infrastructure to deepen financial access reaching more un-banked population. The paper, therefore, recommends banks to create more delivery channels while using mobile telecommunication network as an infrastructure to deepen financial access reaching more unbanked people rather than competing with mobile network operators. The findings of this paper may also be used as a wake-up call for policy makers to put more emphasis on women and young people who are often left behind during Government’s effort toward reaching the entire population as far as financial inclusion is concerned.

scholarly journals Financial inclusion: a tool for socio- economic development

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-238
Author(s):  
Bhushan Singh ◽  
Sandeep Singh
Keyword(s):  
Universal Access ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Bank Account ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Reserve Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Self Help Groups ◽  
Reserve Bank Of India

Financial inclusion is one of the buzz-words in the development circles lately.It is also one of the major challenges throughout the world today and every government is taking different measures to make this dream come true. Various initiatives were taken up by Reserve Bank of India(RBI)/Government of India(GOI) like nationalization of banks, expansion of bank branch network, establishment & expansion of cooperative and Regional Rural Banks (RRBs), leadbank schemes, formation of Self Help Groups(SHGs), Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs) and Business correspondent model etc.in order to ensure financial inclusion. Besides all these initiativesas per census, 2011, out of 24.67 crore household in the country, only 14.48 crore (58.7%) households had access to organized banking services. To remove this disparity,government launched Pardhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojna(PMJDY)with the objective to ensure universal access to banking facility with at least one basic bank account for every household.Government has successfully opened more than 12.5crore bank account throughvarious banks and mobilized more than INR10,000 crore deposits up to January, 2015. In this context, this paper is an attempt to study the current trends in financial inclusion in India with special reference to PMJDY.

scholarly journals Financial Inclusion in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-51
Author(s):  
Simon Thermadam
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Bank Account ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Marginalised Groups ◽  
Low Income Groups ◽  
The Government ◽  
Major Factors

Financial inclusion, the process of ensuring access to financial services along with timely and adequate credit where needed by vulnerable groups, helps the weaker sections and low-income groups in different ways. With an active intervention of the government, a large number of the unbanked segments of the society could be included in various financial services in the last few years. As a result, the number of bank accounts has been increasing. Members from the marginalised groups, women, etc. are some of the direct beneficiaries of financial inclusion. By utilizing micro data of World Bank, ‘Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) Database 2017, the author observes that socio-economic factors, like educational level, age group, and employment have an important role in determining one’s access to banking services. But some problems arise when the account holders do not utilize the banking facilities properly, especially when a majority stays idle. Lack of money is still considered one of the major factors for a lack of interest in holding a bank account. The ownership of bank account by other members in the same family also stops many from opening a bank account. The government has to take active measures to solve these issues. Moreover, the remaining unbanked sections of the society have to be included in the financial services, by solving the various reasons cited.

scholarly journals BRIDGING THE FINANCIAL INCLUSION AND DIGITALIZATION GENDER GAP IN DRIVING ECONOMIC AND SUSTAINABLE GROWTH

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (SI-1) ◽  
pp. 157-169
Author(s):  
Bimaldeep Kaur ◽  
Narinder Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Banking Services

Financial inclusion and female participation in the financial system can avoid risk and better manage household expenditures in health and education. Women’s access to banking services and holding their saving accounts can better control the resource allocations and make decisions. Thus, their participation in the financial system reduces inequality, increases social well-being, and improves a nation's economy. This study analyzes the influence of female financial inclusion, measured as access to digital banking services, on economic development. The time-series data 2011-17 has been collected from the published sources and databases like the Global Findex of World DataBank. The study also carried out regression analysis to examine the influence of digitalization over the economic growth of the country. The results show a positive influence of access to bank account and digital services on economic development.

scholarly journals Custody and Care of Children in Spain: Can the Two Rights be Reconciled?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Jabbaz Churba
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Parental Authority ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Judicial Process ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Children’S Voices ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis study aims to analyse the legal decision-making process in the Community of Valencia (Spain) regarding contentious divorces particularly with respect to parental authority (patria potestas), custody and visiting arrangements for children, and the opinions of mothers and fathers on the impact these judicial measures have had on their lives. It also considers the biases in these decisions produced by privileging the rights of the adults over those of the children. Three particular moments are studied: (1) the situation before the break-up, focusing on the invisible gender gap in care; (2) the judicial process, where we observe the impact of hidden gender-based violence and gender stereotypes; and (3) the situation post-decision, showing how any existing violence continues after divorce, by means of parental authority. The concept of ‘motherhood under threat’ is placed at the centre of these issues, where children’s voices are given the least attention.

Financial inclusion through Kiosk-based banking services: a study with reference to business correspondent models in the state of Kerala

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammed Shafi M.K ◽  
M. Ravindar Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Missing Values ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Shared Variance ◽  
Validity Tests

PurposeThe paper aims to study the outreach and performance of business correspondent (BC) models, which are implemented as a subsidiary agent of banks to accelerate the financial inclusion (FI) mission in India. In this regard, the study illustrates BC's products and services rendered to customers, forms of delivery channels and BC's view on banking services and Kiosk-based BC programs.Design/methodology/approachThe current paper is an empirical study based on surveying 200 Kiosk-based BCs working in the state of Kerala. After the preliminary screening analysis of the data with outlier deletion, removal of missing values and normality test, both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were executed followed by reliability test, convergent and discriminant validity tests. Covariance-based structural equation modeling (CBSEM) was performed for CFA and inferential tests were carried out by using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) and analysis of a moment structures (AMOS) and Eviews.FindingsChiefly, eight operational forms of BCs were found from the field survey. Hypothetical tests show the significant impact of the serviceability of banks on BC's profitability. Validity tests such as average variance extracted (AVE), composite reliability (CR), maximum shared variance (MSV) and average shared variance (ASV) were established after the removal of the cross-loaded items of the questionnaire from the rotated component matrix. BCs perform main banking services especially bank account opening facility and Akshaya E-Centers are widely used for this model as Kiosk banking in the surveyed state.Originality/valueSo far, no study has encompassed empirical research on performance analysis and outreach of the BC model in the state of Kerala where this BC model well functions. Since the study is a novel form of banking channelization for FI, the study can contribute to understanding the further feasibility and future dimension of the model based on experimental views of BCs.

Determinants of Financial Inclusion Gender Gap in Ethiopia: Evidence From Decomposition Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shemelis Kebede Hundie ◽  
Daniel Tadesse Tulu
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Debit Card ◽  
The World ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Emergency Fund

Abstract In Ethiopia, the gender gap in financial inclusion is high, and the effect of socioeconomic variables on the gap is not well investigated. As a result, this study uses the World Bank’s Global Findex database from 2017 to analyze magnitude and determinants of the gender gap in financial inclusion in Ethiopia. Using Fairlie decomposition technique, we find statistically significant gender gap in all indicators of financial inclusion under study in Ethiopia. The result shows that the highest financial inclusion gender gap is observed in formal saving followed by formal account holding. The decomposition results show males are 16.5%, 16.6%, 8.9 %, 8.4 %t, and 5.8% more likely to have a formal account, formal saving, borrowing, emergency fund possibility, and debit card ownership, respectively. We further decompose these gaps using Daymont and Andrisani approach and the result reveals that differences in coefficients between males and females explain 57.7% in formal saving, 43.4% in formal account holding, and 110.9% in borrowing from formal financial institutions. About 54.2% of the total gender gap in possibility of raising emergcency fund is attributed to differences in characteristics/predictors between the two genders while gender gap in debit card holding is explained by the iteraction between differences in characterisctics and coefficients. Being older, more educated, and wealthier favor financial inclusion, with age, employment, and education having a greater effect. Furthermore, gaps in coefficients, productivity, and advantage to males and disadvantage to females aggravate the gender gap in financial inclusion in Ethiopia. Gender mainstreaming in economic activities to increase income, employment opportunities and education for females to bridge the gender gap in financial inclusion is important.

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