scholarly journals Etiology, diagnosis, complications, and treatments of diabetic foot

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 523-528
Author(s):  
Dong-Kyo Seo
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Autonomic Nerves ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Foot Care ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
High Risk Factors ◽  
Long Term Treatment

Background: Diabetic foot is one of the complications of diabetes mellitus, accompanied by infection, ulcer, deformity, and neuropathic arthropathy. The prevalence of diabetic foot is approximately 10% to 20% in adult diabetic patients over 30 years. Patients with diabetic foot show decreased life quality due to long-term treatment and hospital admission for various complications. Therefore, it is important to understand the etiology of diabetic foot and to prevent the accompanying complications.Current Concepts: Multiple complications of diabetic foot such as ulcers, infections, and deformities are derived from neuropathy (sensory, motor, and autonomic nerves) and angiopathy. Careful physical and radiologic examinations and laboratory evaluations are necessary to diagnose diabetic foot. Dressings, surgical decompressions, antibiotics, and vascular interventions are helpful for the treatment of ulcers in diabetic foot. Maintaining proper blood glucose levels and medication help control the neuropathies. Furthermore, patients should be educated on careful foot care to prevent complications.Discussion and Conclusion: Diabetic foot and its accompanying complications are difficult to treat and decrease patients’ quality of life. To prevent complications of diabetic foot, management of blood glucose, patient education on self-foot care, screening of high-risk factors, and cooperation of various medical specialists are needed.

scholarly journals Effects of interactive education with conversation map on foot care behaviors in elderly diabetic patients with high-risk diabetic foot

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Yingli
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Foot Care ◽  
Interactive Education ◽  
Conversation Map ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: Diabetic foot is one of the main reasons that seriously affect the quality of life and disability. Good foot care can prevent 85% amputation of diabetic foot patients. The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of interactive education with conversation map on foot care behaviors among elderly diabetic patients with high-risk diabetic foot.Methods: 96 elderly diabetic patients in Endocrinology Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University from January to December in 2020 were selected as the research objects. According to the parity of the last two digits of the hospitalization number, the odd number was divided into the control group and the even number was divided into the experimental group. The control group was given traditional health education and interactive education with conversation map for diabetic foot launched by the international diabetes federation was added to the experimental group. After 3 months of intervention, fasting blood glucose, 2 hours postprandial blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and foot care behaviors of the two groups were observed.Results: The fasting blood glucose, 2 hours postprandial blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and foot care behaviors of the experimental group were significantly better than those of the control group and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusions: The interactive education with conversation map can effectively improve the foot care behaviors of elderly diabetic patients with high-risk diabetic foot, and then prevent the occurrence of diabetic foot.

Study of Diabetic Mellitus and Knowledge of Lotion Foot Care on the Community

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hariyadi DM ◽  
Athiyah U ◽  
Hendradi E ◽  
Rosita N ◽  
Erawati T ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
T Test ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Foot Care ◽  
Diabetic Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of

The prevention of Diabetic Mellitus (DM) and its complications is the main aim of this study, in addition to the training of lotion foot care application and the development of small scale industry. The research team delivered knowledge in the form of training on Diabetic Mellitus, healthy food, treatment and prevention of complications, and small-scale production of cosmetic products. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between training on diabetic and lotion foot care application as preventive measures against diabetic complications on the patient's blood glucose levels in the community of residents in Banyuurip Jaya, Surabaya. It was expected from this training that the knowledge of the residents increases and people living with diabetic undergo lifestyle changes and therefore blood sugar levels can be controlled. The parameters measured in this research were blood glucose levels, the anti diabetic drug types consumed, and compliance on diabetics. This study used the data taken from 60 patients with DM over a period of one month. Questionnaires and log books was used to retrieve data and changes in blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. The results showed the demographic data of patients with type 2 diabetic of 85% female and 15% male, with the range of patients aged of 61-70 years of 46.67% and had history of diabetic (90%). The history of drugs consumed by respondents was anti diabetic drugs such as metformin (40%), glimepiride (33.37%) and insulin (6.67%). In addition, the increased knowledge of DM patients after being given the training compared to before training was shown in several questions in the questionnaire. A statistical analysis using t-test analyzed a correlation between training provided in order to enhance understanding of the patient, as well as correlation with blood glucose levels. A paired T-test showed that there was a relationship between the knowledge of trainees before and after training (p less than 0.05). An interesting result was that there was no relationship between blood glucose levels before and after training provided (p> 0.05).

Nutritional Interventions and Considerations for the Development of Low Calorie or Sugar Free Foods

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti Singh ◽  
Prasad Rasane ◽  
Sawinder Kaur ◽  
Vikas Kumar ◽  
Kajal Dhawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Artificial Sweeteners ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Diet Plan

Diabetes is a globally prevalent chronic metabolic disease characterized by blood glucose levels higher than the normal levels. Sugar, a common constituent of diet, is also a major factor often responsible for elevating the glucose level in diabetic patients. However, diabetic patients are more prone to eat sweets amongst the human population. Therefore, we find a popular consumption of zero or low-calorie sweeteners, both natural and artificial. But, the uses of these sweeteners have proved to be controversial. Thus, the purpose of this review was to critically analyze and highlight the considerations needed for the development of sugar-free or low-calorie products for diabetic patients. For this purpose, various measures are taken such as avoiding sugary foods, using natural nectar, artificial sweeteners, etc. It cannot be ignored that many health hazards are associated with the overconsumption of artificial sweeteners only. These sweeteners are high-risk compounds and a properly balanced consideration needs to be given while making a diet plan for diabetic patients.

"Taming the Monster aka Uncontrolled Diabetes: A Viewpoint" (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Anand ◽  
Amardeep Kalsi ◽  
Jonathan Figueroa ◽  
Parag Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Phone Call ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Dietary Compliance ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Uncontrolled Diabetes ◽  
Number Of Patients

BACKGROUND HbA1c between 6% and 6.9% is associated with the lowest incidence of all‐cause and CVD mortality, with a stepwise increase in all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality in those with an HbA1c >7%. • There are 30 million individuals in the United States (9.4% of the population) currently living with Diabetes Mellitus. OBJECTIVE Improving HbA1C levels in patients with uncontrolled Diabetes with a focused and collaborative effort. METHODS Our baseline data for Diabetic patients attending the outpatient department from July 2018 to July 2019 in a University-affiliated hospital showed a total of 217 patients for one physician. • Of 217 patients, 17 had HbA1C 9 and above. We contacted these patients and discussed the need for tight control of their blood glucose levels. We intended to ensure them that we care and encourage them to participate in our efforts to improve their outcome. • We referred 13 patients that agreed to participate to the Diabetic educator who would schedule an appointment with the patients, discuss their diet, exercise, how to take medications, self-monitoring, and psychosocial factors. • If needed, she would refer them to the Nutritionist based on patients’ dietary compliance. • The patients were followed up in the next two weeks via telemedicine or a phone call by the PCP to confirm and reinforce the education provided by the diabetes educator. RESULTS Number of patients that showed an improvement in HbA1C values: 11 Cumulative decrease in HbA1C values for 13 patients: 25.3 The average reduction in HbA1C: 1.94 CONCLUSIONS Our initiative to exclusively target the blood glucose level with our multidisciplinary approach has made a positive impact, which is reflected in the outcome. • It leads to an improvement in patient compliance and facilitates diabetes management to reduce the risk for complications CLINICALTRIAL NA

scholarly journals A STUDY ON KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND PRACTICES FOR THE PREVENTION OF DIABETIC FOOT IN RURAL TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Gopal Teli ◽  
B. G. Ponnappa
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Foot Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
The Mean

Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of diabetic patients regarding care of their own feet.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in the inpatient department of surgery at Adichunchanagiri hospital and research centre, B. G. Nagara, Karnataka, India from 1st Nov. 2016 to 31st Dec. 2016. The relation between gender and knowledge, attitude and practices of people with diabetes patients were compared by using the Chi-square test at 95% confidence interval at p<0.05.Results: Out of 51 patients, 72.54% were male and 27.46% female and 45.1% of the patients were in the age range 61-80 y. The mean SD of the age was 60.49±14.02. The mean SD of body weight of the patient was 66.17±8.54. The majority of the patients 45.1% were farmers and 41.7% were illiterate. Most of them did not know the practice of correct foot hygiene (39.22%) and what abnormalities observe in their feet (66.67%). We found that 90.2% patients were engaged in foot self-care practice and more than half of them (54.1%) always inspected their footwear before using it. Interestingly, more women were involved in foot care (100%) as compared to men (86.46%) but statistically not significant (p=0.147).Conclusion: We found that patients were not having sufficient knowledge about the correct hygiene of the foot, what abnormalities to observe in their feet and about ideal footwear. Even though females were showing interest towards self-care examination and foot care practice, it is essential that all the diabetic patients must be educated about the knowledge, attitude and foot self-care practice to prevent diabetic foot related complications.

Long-term treatment of acromegaly with the slow-release somatostatin analogue lanreotide

1994 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Marek ◽  
Václav Hána ◽  
Michal Kršek ◽  
Vlasta Justová ◽  
France Catus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Somatostatin Analogue ◽  
Tumour Mass ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Active Acromegaly ◽  
One Year

Marek J, Hána V. Kršek M. Justová V, Catus F, Thomas F. Long-term treatment of acromegaly with the slow-release somatostatin analogue lanreotide. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:20–6. ISSN 0804–4643 Thirteen patients with active acromegaly despite previous surgery were treated with 30 mg lanreotide im twice a month for 9 months. In 10 subjects the treatment continued to 19 months. GH serum levels of all patients decreased significantly from an initial value of 32.0 (29.4) μg/l [median (standard error of median)] to 10.0 (3.6) and 19.1 (5.7) after 3 and 9 months of treatment, respectively. In the 10 patients with the treatment longer than one year the decrease in GH was from 46.8 (29.4) μg/l to 12.5 (5.0) and 16.1 (5.3) after 13 and 19 months, respectively. IGF-I serum levels decreased significantly from 1193 (73)μg/l to 782 (99) and 621 (103) after 3 and 9 months, respectively, and were normalized in 3 patients. In the 10 patients treated for longer than one year, levels decreased significantly from 1318 (74)μg/l to 653 (170) and 742 (180) after 13 and 19 months, respectively. IGF BP-3 levels were reduced to the normal range in 6 patients and decreased from 8.7 (1.5)mg/l to 6.4 (0.8) and to 5.4 (1.0) after 3 and 9 months, respectively. In the patients with the 19 months treatment the decrease was from 9.3 (1.6) mg/l to 3.9 (0.9) and 4.8 (0.9) after 13 and 19 months, respectively. The IGF BP-3 to IFG I ratio increased in 7 patients. This elevation significantly correlated with the decrease in bioassayable somatomedin. Prolactin serum levels fell in all patients with increased prolactin secretion. Testosterone plasma levels increased in 4 out of 5 men without replacement therapy. Clinical improvement was observed in all patients. A reduction of tumour mass was observed in five patients and complete disappearance of the tumour in one subject. All patients complained of mild abdominal pain and softened stools for several days following the injections. However, these side effects never required interruption of treatment. Asymptomatic microlithiasis was seen in only one patient after 13 months, which led to treatment being suspended for a period of 3 months after which it was resumed. Fasting serum insulin and insulin area under the curve (AUC) after oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) fell in all patients. Fasting blood glucose, fructosamine and glucose AUC after OGTT slightly increased during the treatment, but all blood glucose levels (fasting and during OGTT) remained within normal ranges. Lanreotide appears to be a safe and effective treatment in patients with active acromegaly unresolved by surgery. The long-acting formulation avoids the drawbacks associated with either repeated daily injections or continuous infusions of somatostatin analogues. Josef Marek, Third Department of Medicine, Charles University, U nemocnice 1, 128 21 Praha 2, The Czech Republic

Long-term treatment with simvastatin in hypercholesterolemic non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients

1992 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Zambon ◽  
A. Lapolla ◽  
G. Sartore ◽  
C. Gherardingher ◽  
A. Cortella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Term Treatment ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetic
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