scholarly journals The log mean divisia index based carbon productivity in the Australian construction industry

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingfeng Liang ◽  
Xiancun Hu ◽  
Linda Tivendale ◽  
Chunlu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Divisia Index ◽  
Carbon Productivity ◽  
Regional Adjustment

Environmental protection and economic growth are two indicators of sustainable global development. This study aims to investigate the performance of environmental protection and economic growth by measuring carbon productivity in the construction field. Carbon productivity is the amount of gross domestic product generated by the unit of carbon emissions. The log mean Divisia index method is used to investigate influential factors including carbon intensity, energy intensity and regional adjustment that impact on changes of carbon productivity. The study utilises a range of data from the Australian construction industry during 1995-2004 including energy consumption, industry value added and carbon dioxide equivalent consumption. The research indicates carbon productivity in the Australian construction industry has clearly increased. Energy intensity plays a significant positive role in promoting carbon productivity, whereas carbon intensity and regional adjustment have limited influence. Introducing advanced construction machinery and equipment is a feasible pathway to enhance carbon productivity. The research method is generic and can be used to measure other performance indicators and decomposing them into influential factors.

Influencing Factors and Decoupling Analysis of Carbon Emissions in China's Manufacturing Industry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
baoling jin ◽  
ying Han
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Investment Efficiency ◽  
Fixed Asset ◽  
Carbon Productivity ◽  
Fixed Asset Investment

Abstract The manufacturing industry directly reflects national productivity, and it is also an industry with serious carbon emissions, which has attracted wide attention. This study decomposes the influential factors on carbon emissions in China’s manufacturing industry from 1995 to 2018 into industry value added (IVA), energy consumption (E), fixed asset investment (FAI), carbon productivity (CP), energy structure (EC), energy intensity (EI), investment carbon intensity (ICI) and investment efficiency (IE) by Generalized Divisia Index Model (GDIM). The decoupling analysis is carried out to investigate the decoupling states of the manufacturing industry under the pressure of "low carbon" and "economy.” Considering the technological heterogeneity, we study the influential factors and decoupling status of the light industry and the heavy industry. The results show that: (1) Carbon emissions of the manufacturing industry present an upward trend, and the heavy industry is the main contributor. (2) Fixed asset investment (FAI), industry value added (IVA) are the driving forces of carbon emissions. Investment carbon intensity (ICI), carbon productivity (CP), investment efficiency (IE), and energy intensity (EI) have inhibitory effects. The impact of the energy consumption (E) and energy structure (EC) are fluctuating. (3) The decoupling state of the manufacturing industry has improved. Fixed asset investment (FAI), industry value added (IVA) hinder the decoupling; carbon productivity (CP), investment carbon intensity (ICI), investment efficiency (IE), and energy intensity (EI) promote the decoupling.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Related Aspects: Case of the Czech Republic

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Solilová ◽  
Danuše Nerudová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Carbon Productivity

The most important drivers of increasing greenhouse gas emissions are increasing world’s population, economic development resulting in higher level of productions and consumption, but also unanticipated increases in the energy intensity of GDP and in the carbon intensity of energy. The EU committed to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions by 20% until 2020 or 40% until 2030 compared to 1990 levels of the Kyoto Protocol. The Czech Republic enlarged EU in 2004 as a country from Eastern Europe where usually the heavy industries or agriculture prevail over other sectors. The aim of the paper was an evaluation of the development of greenhouse gas emissions and related aspects in the industry of the Czech Republic. Based on the results was concluded that although greenhouse gas emissions of the Czech Republic are deeply below the Kyoto targets, there are areas for improvements e.g. in case of energy intensities, as well as in case of carbon intensity and carbon productivity, where the Czech Republic reaches worse results than the EU28. Therefore is recommended to decrease greenhouse gas emission and increase gross value added generated by each NACE sector. Both those factors will impact on improvement of energy intensity, carbon productivity as well as greenhouse gas emissions per capita.

scholarly journals Characteristics, Decoupling Effect And Driving Factors of Regional Tourism's Carbon Emissions In China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guobao Xiong ◽  
Junhong Deng ◽  
Baogen Ding
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
Logarithmic Mean ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Divisia Index ◽  
Its Regions ◽  
Decoupling Effect

Abstract Using the tourism's carbon emission data of 30 provinces (cities) in China from 2007 to 2019, we have established a logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) model to identify the main driving factors of carbon emissions related to tourism and a Tapio decoupling model to analyze the decoupling relationship between tourism's carbon emissions and tourism-driven economic growth. Our analysis suggests that China's regional tourism's carbon emissions are growing significantly with marked differences across its regions. Although there are observed fluctuations in the decoupling relationship between regional tourism's carbon emissions and tourism-driven economic growth in China, the data suggest weak decoupling. Nonetheless, the degree of decoupling is rising to various extents across regions. Three of the five driving factors investigated are also found to affect on emissions. Both tourism scale and tourism consumption lead to the growth of tourism's carbon emissions, while energy intensity has a significant effect on reducing emissions. These effects differ across regions.

Collection of Value Added Tax in Kosovo and Its Effect on Economic Growth

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Teki Shala
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Revenue Collection ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Level Of Significance

The revenue collected from the value added tax constitutes the main income of the Kosovo government. For this reason, this research has a great importance in the formulation of effective policies in Kosovo that will subsequently improve the efficiency of tax collection of Value Added and growing fiscal and budgetary stability. This research it will have a descriptive analysis of the trends of VAT collection in Kosovo from 2005- 2015 years using different analytical techniques to examine trends and data structure over the years. We have used two types of analysis; One is the descriptive analysis of trends and the other is the contrast of the descriptive analysis of trends that is the econometric technique used to analyze the VAT effect on economic growth in Kosovo. The source of data for this study is secondary through the Annual Financial Report of the Ministry of Finance of Kosovo and the IMF. In order to analyze the data generated for the study, the statistical tool utilized is OLS technique (multiple regression). One of the key findings in the collection of VAT has been its dependence on the border. Revenue collection is among the most pressing problems and such situation does not guarantee a country's budgetary stability. Also, based on the findings we noted that the VAT share of the gathering in gross domestic product of the Interior of the country has been low compared to other countries in Europe developing, reflecting a low level of economic development. Also from econometric analysis is confirmed that the regression coefficient shows that we have a VAT impact on GDP in Kosovo, because the level of significance is .000, or includes the rate of 1%. Also, the correlation between VAT and GDP shows a strong positive relationship, or statistically interpreted with the increase of VAT, will increase the GDP of Kosovo, these two elements conclude that VAT has a significant impact on economic growth in Kosovo. Furthermore, this research highlight some key issues that policy makers should consider dealing with the collection and effective use of revenue collected from VAT, to improve growth.

scholarly journals Threshold Effect of Economic Growth on Energy Intensity—Evidence from 21 Developed Countries

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4199
Author(s):  
Jinjin Zhou ◽  
Zenglin Ma ◽  
Taoyuan Wei ◽  
Chang Li
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
Tertiary Industry ◽  
D Investment ◽  
Threshold Point

Based on threshold regression models, this paper analyzes the effect of economic growth on energy intensity by using panel data from 21 developed countries from 1996 to 2015. Results show that a 1% increase in GDP per capita can lead to a 0.62–0.78% reduction in energy intensity, implying economic growth can significantly reduce energy intensity. The extent of the reduction in energy intensity varies depending on the economic development stages represented by key influencing factors including energy mix in consumption, urbanization, industrial structure, and technological progress. Specifically, the reduction in energy intensity due to economic growth can be enhanced with relatively more renewable energy consumption and more urban population until a threshold point, where the enhancement disappears. On the other hand, the extent of the energy intensity reduction due to economic growth can be weakened with relatively more tertiary industry activities and more research and development (R&D) investment in an economy until a threshold point, where the weakening cannot continue. However, compared to the early stages represented by the low ends of renewable energy consumption, urban population, tertiary industry activities, and R&D investment, the later stages represented by the high ends of these key factors after a threshold show the weakened effect of economic growth on the decline of energy intensity. Hence, when an economy is well-developed, policy makers are advised to put fewer expectations on the role of economic growth to reduce energy intensity, while pursuing relatively cleaner energy, greater urbanization, more tertiary industry activities, and advanced technologies.

Transfer-based decentralisation, economic growth and spatial inequality: Evidence from China’s 2002–2003 tax sharing reform

Urban Studies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 806-826
Author(s):  
Fan Fan ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Ran Tao ◽  
Dali Yang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Spatial Inequality ◽  
Variable Approach ◽  
Interregional Inequality ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Tax Sharing

China has adopted a transfer-based fiscal decentralisation scheme since the mid-1990s. In the 1994 tax sharing reform, the central government significantly raised its share of government revenue vis-à-vis local governments by taking most of the newly created value-added tax on manufacturing. One aim for the adoption of the transfer-based fiscal scheme was to channel more funds to less developed regions and rural areas, and to alleviate growing interregional inequality and urban–rural income disparity. In 2002 and 2003 the Chinese central government further grabbed 50% and 60%, respectively, of the income taxes previously assigned only to local governments while providing more fiscal transfers to the country’s poor regions and the countryside. Utilising the 2002–2003 change in China’s central–local tax sharing regime as an exogenous policy shock, we employ a Simulated Instrumental Variable approach to causally evaluate the effects of the policy shock on growth, interregional inequality and urban–rural disparity. We find the lower local tax share dis-incentivised local governments and led to lower growth. Although higher central transfers helped to reduce interregional inequalities in per capita GDP and per capita income, the equalising effects were only present for urban incomes. We argue that transfer-based decentralisation without bottom-up accountability was detrimental to economic growth and had limited impact on income redistribution.

Three-Dimensional Decomposition Models for Chinese Manufacturing Subsector over 1996-2008

2013 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 3004-3013
Author(s):  
Ding Ma ◽  
Li Ning Wang ◽  
Wen Ying Chen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Decomposition Models ◽  
Energy And Climate Policy ◽  
The Impact

At a time of increased international concern and negotiation for GHG emissions reduction, country studies on the underlying effects of GHG growth gain importance. China experienced continuous, rapid economic growth over the past. At the same time, energy consumption and CO2 emissions increased rapidly while the energy intensity and carbon intensity showed a downward trend at country level. What factors were driving this change? What measures can be adopted to ensure the continual decrease of energy intensity and carbon intensity? The refined IDA method is employed in this paper to identify the impact of each factor. A year-by-year decomposition is carried out at sector level, and various interesting results on the underlying effects are found. The results yield important hints for the planning of energy and climate policy.

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