scholarly journals Vision screening among hearing-impaired school children in Biratnagar, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Sanjay Kumar Sah ◽  
Renu Thakur ◽  
Pankaj Ray Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Usher Syndrome ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Corneal Opacity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Vision Screening ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vision Defects ◽  
Hearing Impaired Students

Background: The prevalence of hearing impairment in Nepal is 16.5%, affecting approximately 2.71 million people. Deaf children are visually dependent, and even a mild refractive error may cause visual discomfort. The goal of this study was to determine the need for vision screenings in schools for the hearing impaired in Biratnagar, Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with permission from Birat Deaf Secondary School, Biratnagar, Nepal. A total of 130 hearing-impaired students were examined. Non-invasive, comprehensive optometric examinations were performed to detect visual disorders. When a more detailed evaluation was needed, the students were referred to the Pediatric Ophthalmology Department, Biratnagar Eye Hospital Biratnagar, Nepal. Results: Of the 130 hearing-impaired students, 58 (44.6%) were male and 72 (55.4%) were female. The mean ± standard deviation of age was 16.03 ± 3.8 years (range 6–25 years). Twenty-one (16.1%) students had refractive errors: 13 (10%) had myopia, 7 (5.4%) had hyperopia, and 1 (0.8%) had anisometropia. In the cover test, 88 (67.7%) had orthophoria, 19 (14.6%) had exophoria, 11 (8.5%) had esophoria, 5 (3.85%) had exotropia, and 3 (2.3%) had esotropia. Cover tests were not performed in 4 (3.1%) students, as they were unable to fixate due to nystagmus or decreased vision. On ocular examination, 20 (15.3%) students had anterior segment abnormalities, including lid abnormality, conjunctivitis, Bitot’s spots, pterygium, corneal opacity, and lenticular opacity. Posterior segment or retinal abnormalities were found in four students with one having Usher syndrome. Color vision defects, nystagmus, and amblyopia were found in 8 (6.1%), 2 (1.5 %), and 1 (0.8%), respectively. Conclusions: The findings of the present study reflect the need of periodic vision screenings in schools for the hearing impaired in Nepal. These children are at a high risk of vision impairment. How to cite this article: Sah SK, Thakur R, Adhikari PR. Vision screening among hearing-impaired school children in Biratnagar, Nepal. Med Hypothesis Discov Innov Optom. 2021 Spring; 2(1): 36-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51329/mehdioptometry123  

scholarly journals Prevalence of amblyopia and strabismus in Hani school children in rural southwest China: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e025441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zhu ◽  
Chenwei Pan ◽  
Qigang Sun ◽  
Dan Huang ◽  
Zhujun Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Intermittent Exotropia ◽  
Chinese Han ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Gender

PurposeTo determine the prevalence rate of amblyopia and strabismus in Chinese Hani ethnic school-aged children.MethodsAll grade 1 and grade 7 students in Mojiang Hani Autonomous County, located in southwest China, were invited for comprehensive eye examinations performed by experienced ophthalmologists and optometrists, including visual acuity, ocular alignment and movements, cycloplegic autorefraction, anterior segment and fundus examinations. Standard definitions of amblyopia and strabismus were applied to calculate their prevalence rate.ResultsA total of 1656 (91.0% response rate) grade 1 Hani students and 1394 (92.8% response rate) grade 7 Hani students participated in the study. Amblyopia was present in 25 Hani students (0.82%, 95% CI 0.55% to 1.20%), with no significant differences in grade (p=0.42) and gender (p=0.69). Among these 25 amblyopic children, 17 had unilateral amblyopia and eight had bilateral amblyopia, including 16 anisometropic, eight binocular refractive and one strabismic. Strabismus was found in 59 Hani students (1.93%, 95% CI 1.50% to 2.48%), including 47 with intermittent exotropia, six with constant exotropia, five with constant esotropia and one with unilateral superior oblique palsy. The prevalence rate of strabismus was higher in grade 7 students than grade 1 students with borderline significance (2.44%vs1.50%, p=0.07), but was similar by gender (2.16% in boys vs 1.68% in girls, p=0.36).ConclusionThe prevalence of amblyopia and strabismus in Chinese Hani school children are both lower than that previously reported for Chinese Han children in China and for many other racial/ethnic populations from non-China studies. Refractive error is the major cause for amblyopia and intermittent exotropia is the primary strabismus type.

scholarly journals Color Vision Defects among Textile Mill Workers in Lahore

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qazi Muhammad Omair ◽  
Hifza Imtiaz ◽  
Maryam Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Color Vision ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Textile Mill ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Color Vision Deficiency ◽  
Color Vision Defects ◽  
Vision Defects

Purpose:  To find out the color vision defects among textile mill workers in Lahore. Study Design:  Descriptive cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study:  University of Lahore from June 2019 to December 2019. Methods:  Study was done at different textile mills in Lahore, Pakistan. Self-designed proforma was used to record data including age, gender, occupation, any medication or surgery. The workers with best corrected visual acuity of 6/6 and refractive error less than 3.00 D of sphere or astigmatism less than 1 D of cylinder with no history of ocular surgeries were included in the study. Color vision was assessed using Ishihara Isochromatic color plates. Examination of the anterior segment and posterior segment was done by using slit lamp Biomicroscopy and 90 D of condensing lens.Data was entered and analyzed using the SPSS version 22. Results:  During this study 1,250 textile mill workers fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Six hundred fifty were males and 600 were females. Only 10 workers were suffering from color vision deficiency, which was 0.8% of the total sample size. All of the color vision deficiency patients were male of different age group. Conclusion:  It has been concluded that although textile industry is based on colors, there is no proper color vision examination in our textile sector. Colour vision deficiency awareness should be increased so that everyone in the community is well aware of it. The test of color vision must be made compulsory in pre-employment examination at public and private sector at every Level.

Psychosocial issues of hearing impaired school children: a psychometric approach

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Qurat-Ul-Ain ◽  
Sadia Saleem ◽  
Anila Sarwar ◽  
Zahid Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
School Children ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Psychosocial Issues ◽  
Varimax Rotation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Internal Consistency ◽  
Reliable Scale

Abstract Objective: To develop a valid and reliable scale for measuring psychosocial issues of hearing-impaired school children. Method: The cross-sectional study with four stage model of scale development was conducted at Multan, Muzafargarh, and Dera Ghazi Khan Pakistan from August 2018 to January 2019. The four stages were item generation, expert validation, conversion of scale into sign language and psychometric study. The sample comprised hearing-impaired school children aged 18-23 years who were studying Special Education schools in Multan, Pakistan. Results: Of the 230 subjects, there were 110(47.8%) boys and 120(52.2%) girls. The overall mean age was 19.90+/-2.46 years.Exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation revealed 26 items in ‘Depressive Affect’, ‘Social Isolation’ and ‘Feeling of Anger’ sub-scales with high internal consistency (r=0.85) and validity (r=-0.32). Conclusion: The internalised nature of psychosocial issues of children with hearing impairment needs timely identification and intervention so that silent suffering can be prevented to improve psychosocial functioning of such children. Key Words: Hearing impairment, Psychosocial issues, Gender, Age, Reliability, Validity. Continuous...

Ocular morbidity in school children in eastern region of Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-97
Author(s):  
Arun Prasad Dhungana
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
School Health ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Vision Screening ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ocular Morbidity

Background: Childhood blindness is a priority area because of the number of years of blindness that ensues. Data on the prevalence and causes of blindness and severe visual impairment in children are needed for planning and evaluating preventive and curative services for children.Objective: The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of ocular morbidity among school children in eastern Nepal.Method: A cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate ocular status of primary school children in six government schools of the eastern region of Nepal. A complete eye examination was carried out in all children including slit lamp examination, fundus examination, retinoscopy and subjective refraction. Data was analyzed using Microsoft excel. The screening is based on the Indiana school vision screening guideline.Results: A total of 847 children were examined in visits. The mean age of study population was 10.25 years. Among them 450 were males and 397 were females. The results showed that 12.05% of the total students had ocular and visual morbidities. Refractive error was found to be the commonest abnormality (62%) in school children. The commonest type of refractive error found in the study was myopia followed by hyperopia. Alternate divergent squint is the commonest type of strabismus. Other abnormalities found were BSV (binocular single vision) abnormalities, amblyopia and conjunctival disorder.Conclusion: The vision screening program has proved to be very helpful in early detection, diagnosis, referral and management of ocular morbidities in school children. The results of the study strongly suggest that screening of school children for ocular problems should be done at regular intervals and it should be one of the prime components of school health program.Journal of Kathmandu Medical CollegeVol. 5, No. 3, Issue 17, Jul.-Sep., 2016, page: 95-97

Dental Arch Width in Children and Relationship to their Oral Habits

2019 ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Kohinur Akther ◽  
Md Zakir Hossain
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Dental Arch ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oral Habits ◽  
Arch Width ◽  
Bangladeshi Population ◽  
Dental Arch Width

Aim: Objectives: To analyze variations in dental arch width in relation to oral habits.   Materials and Methods : Cross sectional  study was carried out Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics of Dhaka Dental College & Hospital, Dhaka with a total number of 600 primary school children of 3-6 years ages of Bangladeshi population. Results: This study was a cross sectional study conducted among the 600 children with 3-6 years old prima- ry school children of Bangladeshi population. According to present study, bottle feeding causes significant reduction in maxillary intercanine width and mouth breathers show significant reduction of both arches. Conclusion: It was observed that the children who had used a bottle had a significant reduction in maxillary intercanine width. Breathing through mouth appeared to be associated with a reduction in the size of both arches. This was more significant in the maxillary intercanine , mandibular  intercanine and mandibular molar widths. Therefore to prevent malocclusions, the public should be informed of the harm caused by certain oral habits, the benefits of breast-feeding, and the need to correct bad habits at early life. Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, April 2016; Vol-7 (1-2), P.6-11

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