scholarly journals THE WAYS OF RATIONAL USE OF COOLING TOWERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-187
Author(s):  
D Muhiddinov ◽  
◽  
S Sanayev ◽  
B Boliyev
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Cooling Tower ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Cooling Towers ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Recycling Systems ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Bodies Of Water ◽  
Supply Systems

In order to improve the economic performance of the company, the establishment of rational water use schemes and the reduction of the use of fresh water obtained from water supply systems or natural bodies of water can become an important factor. Water-cooling circulating systems, where cooling towers are used as cooling facilities, are the basis of rational water use systems. In water recycling systems that need stable water cooling at high specific hydraulic and thermal loads, cooling towers are used. By spraying water with nozzles or irrigation devices, the surface of water needed to cool it by contact with air is formed. A cooling tower is a heat exchange device for removing heat from various production processes to the environment by evaporating part of the water passing through it. The share of evaporated water usually does not exceed 1.5 %. Most of the cooling towers used were built 30 - 50 years ago. Almost all of these installations are morally and physically outdated. To consider the main criteria that should be guided with the choice of method for reconstruction of cooling towers to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of their operation.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF BIOFILMS IN POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS WATER SYSTEMS

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
L. V. Didenko ◽  
O. V. Sadretdinova ◽  
N. V. Shevlyagina ◽  
G. A. Avtandilov ◽  
I. V Novokshonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Cooling Towers ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Supply Systems

The specific features of the structural organization of biofilms formed with the participation of Legionella in the water supply systems of health care facilities (HCF) and in the water-cooling towers of industrial enterprises in the Moscow Region were studied to elaborate new approaches to preventing legionellosis in the potentially dangerous water systems. A massive Legionella biofilm in association with other gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was shown to form for 2-3 weeks on the protective antibacterial filters built in the hot water supply systems of the risk-group units of HCFs. The specific features of the structural organization of biofilms of Legionella onto surface of water-cooling towers, which were a set of a few systematic groups of microorganisms, such as fungi, gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and cyanobacteriae located in the presence of a matrix and metal inclusions. The results confirm that it is necessary to destruct and prevent the formation of natural Legionella biofilms in the potentially dangerous water systems, which is an essential component of the current strategy for the prevention of legionellosis.

Review of research in the field of hygiene safety of recreational and drinking water use of the population of the Top Don basin

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Igor Mekhantiev
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Current System ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
State Monitoring ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Chemical Indicators ◽  
State Of Water ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Regional Problems

The article provides an overview of regional studies addressing the hygienic safety of recreational and drinking water use of the population of the Upper Don basin, conducted on the territory of the Voronezh region. The results of dissertation research for 1997–2019 and materials of modern scientific publications on the studied problem for 2015–2019, showing priority regional problems of water use of the population of the Upper Don Basin are considered. The data of scientific and practical work and state monitoring on the inconsistency of water quality with current standards in places of recreation at water bodies and drinking water of centralized water supply systems for sanitary and chemical indicators and microbiological safety indicators are presented. A description of the current system for monitoring the state of water resources is presented and attention is drawn to the need for its improvement.

scholarly journals Water Use Efficiency Current Status Assessment in the Context of WATenERgy CYCLE Project

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 602
Author(s):  
Stavroula Tsitsifli ◽  
Anastasia Papadopoulou ◽  
Vasilis Kanakoudis ◽  
Konstantinos Gonelas
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
National Level ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Supply Systems

Water use efficiency is a crucial issue in drinking water utilities as it is connected to environmental and economic consequences. WATenERgy CYCLE project aims at developing a methodological approach towards efficient and effective transnational water and energy resources management in the Balkan–Mediterranean area. The paper presents the results of performance evaluation of the water supply systems of the water utilities involved in the project, both at local and national level. The methodology used in the water balance and performance indicators as well as data on the operational status of the water supply systems. The results showed that Non-Revenue Water is one of the major problems addressed.

scholarly journals Theoretical and experimental study of a cross-flow induced-draft cooling tower

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Elazm Abo ◽  
Farouk Elsafty
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Cooling Tower ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Proper Solution ◽  
Cooling Towers ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Experimental Rig

The main objective of this study is to find a proper solution for the cross-flow water cooling tower problem, also to find an empirical correlation's controlling heat and mass transfer coefficients as functions of inlet parameters to the tower. This is achieved by constructing an experimental rig and a computer program. The computer simulation solves the problem numerically. The apparatus used in this study comprises a cross-flow cooling tower. From the results obtained, the 'characteristic curve' of cross-flow cooling towers was constructed. This curve is very helpful for designers in order to find the actual value of the number of transfer units, if the values of inlet water temperature or inlet air wet bulb temperature are changed. Also an empirical correlation was conducted to obtain the required number of transfer units of the tower in hot water operation. Another correlation was found to obtain the effectiveness in the wet bulb operation.

Saccobolus beckii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Falkland Islands ◽  
Cooling Towers ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Checks And Balances ◽  
Herbivorous Mammals ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Islas Malvinas

Abstract A description is provided for Saccobolus beckii. Almost all records of this species are on dung of herbivorous mammals, but it has also been recorded on pine bark in water cooling towers and, on that basis is sometimes included in discussions about freshwater aquatic fungi. Some information on its habitat, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Morocco, South Africa), North America (USA (Utah)), South America (Argentina, Brazil (Goiás, Pernambuco), Falkland Islands/Islas Malvinas, Peru), Asia (India (Tamil Nadu), Japan), Atlantic Ocean (Bermuda, Portugal (Azores), Spain (Canary Islands)), Australasia (Australia (Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia)), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK)). No evaluation has been made of any possible positive economic impact of this fungus (e.g. as a recycler, as a source of useful products, as a provider of checks and balances within its ecosystem, etc.). Also, no reports of negative economic impacts have been found.

scholarly journals Legionella species and serogroups in Malaysian water cooling towers: identification by latex agglutination and PCR-DNA sequencing of isolates

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey Foong Yee Yong ◽  
Fen-Ning Goh ◽  
Yun Fong Ngeow
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Cooling Tower ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Cooling Towers ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Legionella Species ◽  
Repeat Sampling ◽  
East West

In this study, we investigated the distribution of Legionella species in water cooling towers located in different parts of Malaysia to obtain information that may inform public health policies for the prevention of legionellosis. A total of 20 water samples were collected from 11 cooling towers located in three different states in east, west and south Malaysia. The samples were concentrated by filtration and treated with an acid buffer before plating on to BCYE agar. Legionella viable counts in these samples ranged from 100 to 2,000 CFU ml−1; 28 isolates from the 24 samples were examined by latex agglutination as well as 16S rRNA and rpoB PCR-DNA sequencing. These isolates were identified as Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 (35.7%), L. pneumophila serogroup 2–14 (39%), L. pneumophila non-groupable (10.7%), L. busanensis, L. gormanii, L. anisa and L. gresilensis.L. pneumophila was clearly the predominant species at all sampling sites. Repeat sampling from the same cooling tower and testing different colonies from the same water sample showed concurrent colonization by different serogroups and different species of Legionella in some of the cooling towers.

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