scholarly journals STRENGTH ABILITIES IN SPORTS SWIMMING A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-41
Author(s):  
Jarosław Nadobnik ◽  
Aleksander Wiażewicz
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Muscle Properties ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Shoulder Muscles ◽  
Shoulder Girdle Muscles ◽  
Increased Strength ◽  
Arm Strength ◽  
The Impact

Strength training is an important part of the preparation of competitive athletes. The subject of interest of the scientists connected of sports swimming was the level of strength ability of the competitors practising this sport and the influence of this ability on the final sports result. The purpose of this review is to describe and consider the impact of strength training of the shoulder muscles in sports swimming. A literature review was conducted in Embase, Medline PubMed, DOAJ, EBSCO and Google databases. Basic search terms are: training in sports swimming, strength tests, evaluation of muscle properties, rotation of the arm, strength measurement methods. Results: 235 results were found and 148 professional publications were selected and analysed. A thorough review of scientific publications indicates that strength parameters of the shoulder girdle muscles played a very important role on the sports performance of swimmers. The programmes combining swim training with 'on land' strength improvement or electrical stimulation are more effective than swim training alone. Significant fatigue of the rotator muscles can impair shoulder stability and result in injury. Increased strength in the internal rotation movement may result pathological conditions of the shoulder.

scholarly journals Strength Abilities: Immediate and Delayed Training Effects of Orthogonal Modes of Strength Training in Boys Aged 8 Years

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
Olha Ivashchenko ◽  
Oleg Khudolii ◽  
Krzysztof Prusik ◽  
Vasilios Giovanis
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Training Effects ◽  
Back Muscles ◽  
The Third ◽  
Study Materials ◽  
Leg Muscles ◽  
Shoulder Muscles ◽  
Strength Exercises ◽  
The Impact

The study purpose was to determine the dynamics of training effects of orthogonal modes of strength training in boys aged 8 years. Materials and methods. The study participants were 48 boys aged 8 years. The experiment was performed using a 22 factorial design. The study materials were processed using the IBM SPSS 22 statistical analysis program.Discriminant analysis was performed. The study examined the impact of four variants of strength training loads on the immediate (ITE) and delayed (DTE) training effects of orthogonal modes of strength exercises and rest intervals in 8-year-old boys. Results. In the first variant of strength training, the largest contribution to the dynamics of training effects is made by the work performed at the first place “exercises to strengthen arm and shoulder muscles”; in the second variant, the largest contribution to the dynamics of training effects is made by the work performed at the third place “exercises to strengthen back muscles”; in the third variant, the largest contribution to the dynamics of training effects is made by the work performed at the first “exercises to strengthen arm and shoulder muscles” and the third “exercises to strengthen back muscles” places; in the fourth variant, the largest contribution to the dynamics of ITE is made by thework performed at the first “exercises to strengthen arm and shoulder muscles” and the third “exercises to strengthen back muscles” places. The most significant changes in the DTE are associated with the fourth place’s work “exercises to strengthen leg muscles”. Conclusions. The response to strength training load includes immediate and delayed training effects. Thus it can be argued that training effects can be classified using the given battery of tests based on discriminant analysis. The efficiency of discriminant analysis increases when using 2k FFE active experiments.

scholarly journals Strength Abilities: Assessment of Training Effects of Strength Loads in Boys Aged 8 Years

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergii Iermakov ◽  
Olha Ivashchenko ◽  
Oleg Khudolii ◽  
Sergii Chernenko
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Training Effect ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Training Effects ◽  
Study Materials ◽  
Leg Muscles ◽  
Shoulder Muscles ◽  
Primary School Pupils ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this paper is to determine the impact of strength training modes on the dynamics of training effects in 8-year-old boys.  Materials and methods. The study participants were 48 boys aged 8. The experiment was performed using a 22 factorial design. The study implemented the first variant of the combined method for developing arm and shoulder muscles (station І), strength of abdominal muscles (station ІІ), strength of back muscles (station ІІІ), and strength of leg muscles (station IV). The study materials were processed using the IBM SPSS 22 statistical analysis program. Discriminant analysis was performed. The study examined the impact of four variants of strength load on the immediate training effect (ITE1) after performing exercises at four stations, the immediate training effect (ITE2) after training, and the delayed training effect (DTE) 24 hours after training.  Results. The findings indicate that each of the variants of strength load can be effectively used depending on educational objectives of both one or a series of physical education lessons, and also show that the ITE and DTE of strength training depend on the initial level of fitness and the total amount of strength training in a physical education lesson.  Conclusions. The findings point to the possibility of using a discriminant function to assess and predict the development of strength in 8-year-old boys. The study confirmed the effectiveness of using factorial designs to obtain objective data on the dynamics of training effects in primary school pupils.

scholarly journals The Characteristics of Shoulder Muscles in Archery Athletes

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ri Na Kim ◽  
Jin Hyuck Lee ◽  
Seok Ha Hong ◽  
Jin Ho Jeon ◽  
Woong Kyo Jeong
Keyword(s):  
External Rotation ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
Left Shoulder ◽  
Shoulder Muscles ◽  
Adductor Muscles ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Shoulder Girdle Muscles ◽  
High Level

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the shoulder girdle muscle characteristics of elite archery athletes and provides suggestions for archery training programs.METHODS: This study enrolled 15 cases of high level archery athletes (7 males, 8 females) and 30 cases of (15 males, 15 females) sex, age-matched, healthy, non-athletic individuals. We measured peak torques of flexion (FL), extension (EX), abduction (ABD), adduction (ADD), external rotation (ER) and internal rotation (IR) of both shoulders at an angular velocity of 30°/sec, 60°/sec, and 180°/sec. The peak torques and peak torque ratios of FL/EX, ABD/ADD, and ER/IR of the two groups were compared.RESULTS: The archer group had a greater peak torque of IR and ADD, but only in the left shoulder (p < 0.05). In the same group, both shoulders had greater peak torque of EX and lower peak torque of FL. The peak torque ratios of FL/EX of both shoulders were significantly lower in the archer group at all three angular velocities (p < 0.05). The peak torque ratios of ABD/ADD were significantly greater in only the left shoulder of the archer group (p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: The prominent characteristics of the shoulder girdle muscles of an elite archer are stronger adductor muscles of the bow shoulder and stronger extensors of both shoulders, as compared to healthy, non-athletic individuals. These muscle groups of the shoulder probably contribute a major role in maintaining the accuracy and stability during archery shooting. Hence, a training program that selectively enhances the adductor and extensor muscles could prove helpful in enhancing the archery skills of the athlete.

scholarly journals Efficiency application of running exercises with skandinavian sticks in the complex strength training of young biathletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 00042
Author(s):  
Talgat Sagiev ◽  
Ildus Gibadullin
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Shoulder Girdle Muscles ◽  
Modular Technology

The authors of the article based on the systematization of data from scientific and methodological literature and analysis of training young biathletes practice developed a block-modular technology of complex strength training in the snow-free period, and also modified scandinavsky walking as a type of active activity to running exercises with Scandinavian sticks in order to develop strength endurance of the shoulder girdle muscles. Based on the conducted pedagogical experiment, the authors came to the conclusion that it is advisable to reduce cross-country training by 30-40% in the snow-free period due to the use of running exercises with Scandinavian sticks. The combination of block-modular complex strength training with Scandinavian sticks exercises allows us to most effectively increase the indicators of the shoulder girdle muscles power endurance and functional readiness of biathletes aged 13-16 years.

scholarly journals Electromyographic Analysis of Shoulder Girdle Muscles in Volleyball Throw: A Reliability Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-149
Author(s):  
Shahrzad Zandi ◽  
Reza Rajabi ◽  
Mohammadali Mohseni-Bandpei ◽  
Hooman Minoonejad
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Shoulder Muscles ◽  
Shoulder Girdle Muscles

AbstractStudy aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of the electromyographic activity of selected shoulder girdle muscles during the overhead volleyball throw.Material and methods: The test-retest reliability of EMG activity of selected shoulder muscles during an overhead volleyball throw was investigated in 15 non-symptomatic university-level female volleyball players for within-day sessions (with a one-hour interval) and between-day sessions (with a one-week interval). Time broadness (a measure of coordination) and root mean square of electromyography signals were obtained. Results: A high within-day (0.85-0.99) and moderate to high between-day (0.68-0.93) intraclass correlation coefficient for normalized RMS activity and a high within-day and between-day intraclass correlation coefficient (0.94 and 0.80; respectively) for time broadness were observed. Absolute agreement of measurements had small values (0.15-1.96). Trends toward higher intraclass correlation coefficient values and lower standard error of measurements, minimum detectable change, mean differ­ences and limits of agreements values were observed for within-day reliability in all test results compared with between-day reliability.Conclusions: The results suggest that the activity of shoulder muscles can be reliably assessed during the overhead volleyball throw with the described procedure both in the amplitude domain (normalized average root mean square) and the time domain (time broadness of the activities).

The Impact of a Highly Publicized Celebrity Suicide on Suicide-Related Online Information Seeking

Crisis ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Arendt ◽  
Sebastian Scherr
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Online Information ◽  
Search Queries ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Celebrity Suicide ◽  
Online Information Seeking ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Background: Research has already acknowledged the importance of the Internet in suicide prevention as search engines such as Google are increasingly used in seeking both helpful and harmful suicide-related information. Aims: We aimed to assess the impact of a highly publicized suicide by a Hollywood actor on suicide-related online information seeking. Method: We tested the impact of the highly publicized suicide of Robin Williams on volumes of suicide-related search queries. Results: Both harmful and helpful search terms increased immediately after the actor's suicide, with a substantial jump of harmful queries. Limitations: The study has limitations (e.g., possible validity threats of the query share measure, use of ambiguous search terms). Conclusion: Online suicide prevention efforts should try to increase online users' awareness of and motivation to seek help, for which Google's own helpline box could play an even more crucial role in the future.

Problems of Implementation of an Import Substitution Policy in the Oil Industry

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Vertakova ◽  
A. S. Evtyukhin
Keyword(s):  
Import Substitution ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Current Economic Situation ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Substitution Policy ◽  
Investment Process ◽  
The Impact

The presented study addresses the issues of implementation of an import substitution policy in the Russian oil industry. Support of domestic production is a key objective specified in the message of the President of the Russian Federation in 2019. In light of the current economic situation and considering the importance of the oil industry for the Russian economy, an import substitution policy could help achieve the objective set by the President.Aim. The study aims to identify the problems and ways of implementation of an import substitution policy in the Russian oil industry.Tasks. The authors analyze scientific publications on import substitution and the state of the Russian oil industry at the current stage of development; determine the directions and fundamental trends in the development of the oil industry; identify obstacles that hinder the implementation of an import substitution policy in the oil industry; describe conditions that facilitate the development of the  investment process in the oil industry; propose comprehensive methods and ways to intensify investments and optimize costs for enterprises in the oil industry.Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition, comparative and statistical analysis to identify problems in the implementation of an import substitution policy in the oil industry.Results. Examination of the current state and development prospects of the oil industry allows the authors to identify obstacles to the development of import substitution. The study shows their impact on the potential of import substitution, which has a negative effect on the prospects of intensification of investment processes, and proposes comprehensive methods and mechanisms that could neutralize the impact of the identified obstacles, thus facilitating the formation of a positive investment climate. Conclusions. Investment climate is shown to have a decisive impact on the potential of import substitution in the Russian oil industry, and ways of overcoming negative trends in the development of the oil industry are proposed.

scholarly journals Randomized Exercise Trial of Aromatase Inhibitor–Induced Arthralgia in Breast Cancer Survivors

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1104-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda L. Irwin ◽  
Brenda Cartmel ◽  
Cary P. Gross ◽  
Elizabeth Ercolano ◽  
Fangyong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Usual Care ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Joint Pain ◽  
Breast Cancer Survivors ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Arthralgia occurs in up to 50% of breast cancer survivors treated with aromatase inhibitors (AIs) and is the most common reason for poor AI adherence. We conducted, in 121 breast cancer survivors receiving an AI and reporting arthralgia, a yearlong randomized trial of the impact of exercise versus usual care on arthralgia severity. Patients and Methods Eligibility criteria included receiving an AI for at least 6 months, reporting ≥ 3 of 10 for worst joint pain on the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), and reporting < 90 minutes per week of aerobic exercise and no strength training. Participants were randomly assigned to exercise (150 minutes per week of aerobic exercise and supervised strength training twice per week) or usual care. The BPI, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) index, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire were completed at baseline and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Intervention effects were evaluated using mixed-model repeated measures analysis, with change at 12 months as the primary end point. Results Over 12 months, women randomly assigned to exercise (n = 61) attended 70% (± standard deviation [SD], 28%) of resistance training sessions and increased their exercise by 159 (± SD, 136) minutes per week. Worst joint pain scores decreased by 1.6 points (29%) at 12 months among women randomly assigned to exercise versus a 0.2-point increase (3%) among those receiving usual care (n = 60; P < .001). Pain severity and interference, as well as DASH and WOMAC pain scores, also decreased significantly at 12 months in women randomly assigned to exercise, compared with increases for those receiving usual care (all P < .001). Conclusion Exercise led to improvement in AI-induced arthralgia in previously inactive breast cancer survivors.

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