Meaningful orientations of insulator’s convicts

В статье представлены результаты исследования смысложизненных ориентаций у осужденных следственного изолятора. В исследовании приняли участие 35 осужденных мужского пола в возрасте от 23 до 30 лет, находящихся под стражей по г. Санкт Петербургу и Ленинградской области. Психодиагностические методики исследования: 1) тест смысложизненные ориентации (Д.А. Леонтьев); 2) методика «Пословицы» (C.М. Петрова). Статистическая обработка данных производилась с помощью U-критерий Манна-Уитни для выявления значимости различий. Факторами риска антисоциального поведения осужденных являются психологические; социальные (воспитание в неполной семье, низкий образовательный уровень, низкий уровень материального положения, склонность к антисоциальным рецидивам, повышенная конфликтность). Установлено, что осужденные, совершившие преступления против личности резко отличаются от осужденных, совершивших преступление нападение с целью грабежа по критерию «Процесс жизни», это говорит о том, что осужденные в достаточной степени не довольны своей жизнью. Данные исследования могут быть применены при прогнозировании поведения осужденного в условиях лишения свободы (риск развития суицидального поведения, отношения с другими осужденными, вероятность нарушения распорядка и совершения противоправных действий на территории исправительного учреждения). The article presents the results of a study of life-meaning orientations among convicts in a pre-trial detention center. The study involved 35 male convicts aged 23 to 30, who are in custody in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region. Psychodiagnostic research methods: 1) test of meaningful life orientations (DA Leontiev); 2) the "Proverbs" technique (SM Petrova). Statistical processing of the data was performed using the Mann-Whitney U-test to identify the significance of differences. The risk factors for antisocial behavior of convicts are psychological; social (upbringing in an incomplete family, low educational level, low level of financial situation, a tendency to antisocial relapses, increased conflict). It has been established that convicts who have committed crimes against the person differ sharply from those who have committed a crime of assault with the purpose of robbery according to the criterion "Process of life", this indicates that the convicts are sufficiently dissatisfied with their lives. These studies can be used to predict the behavior of a convict under conditions of imprisonment (the risk of developing suicidal behavior, relationships with other convicts, the likelihood of disrupting the order and committing illegal actions on the territory of the correctional institution).

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Factors Related to the Level of Depression and Suicidal Behavior Among Men With Diagnosed Depression, Physically Ill Men, and Healthy Men

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.644097 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Aleksandra Kielan ◽

Mariusz Jaworski ◽

Anna Mosiołek ◽

Jan Chodkiewicz ◽

Łukasz Święcicki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Social Competence ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Suicidal Behavior ◽

Active Coping ◽

Education Student ◽

Financial Situation ◽

Healthy Men ◽

The Family

Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder in people who die by suicide. Awareness of risk factors for suicide in depression is important for clinicians. The study was aimed at establishing models of factors related to the level of depression and suicidal behavior among men from three different groups—in men with depressive disorder, in comparison to men with physical disorder and healthy men. A total of 598 men were included in the study. The following questionnaires were used in research model: test with sociodemographic variables, AUDIT Test, Fagerström Test, Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), Inventory for Measuring Coping with Stress (Mini-COPE), Resilience Evaluation Questionnaire (KOP-26), Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire—Revised (SBQ-R) by Osman, and Gotland Male Depression Scale. In men with depression, the positive factors strongly related to the intensity of depression and suicidal behavior were as follows: vocational education, active coping, turning toward religion, social competence for resilience, and bachelor status. The factors negatively related to the intensity of depression and suicidal behavior in this group were as follows: unemployed status, student status, low satisfaction with the financial situation, having children, history of mental disorders in family, alcohol addiction, and seeking instrumental support. In the group of men with physical disorders, the following protection factors were identified: the medium or small city as a place of living, active coping, venting, and personal competence. The following risk factors were identified in this group: psychiatric treatment in the past. In the group of healthy men, the following protective factors were identified: the medium city as a place of living, positive reappraisal, planning abilities, and personal and social competence for resilience. In this group, the following risk factors were identified: vocational and higher education, student status, satisfaction with the financial situation, having more than one children, the occurrence of mental disorders in the family, the occurrence of alcohol abuse in the family, and use of psychoactive substances as a strategy of dealing with stress. The risk factors identified in this study should be included in the clinical assessment of depression and suicidal behavior risk in male patients. There are some protective factors identified, including productive coping and personal and social competencies, which can be developed and should be especially considered and strengthened in mental health promotion programs aimed at men.

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Validity of Proxy-Based Reports of Impulsivity and Aggression in Chinese Research on Suicidal Behavior

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000019 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 137-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Jing An ◽

Michael R. Phillips ◽

Kenneth R. Conner

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Suicidal Behavior ◽

Rural China ◽

Suicide Attempters ◽

Barratt Impulsiveness Scale ◽

Single Location ◽

Aggression Questionnaire ◽

Community Controls

Background: In studies about the risk factors for suicidal behavior, the assessment of impulsiveness and aggression often depend on information from proxy informants. Aims: To assess the validity of proxy informants’ reports on impulsiveness and aggression in China. Methods: Modified Chinese versions of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-CV) and the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AQ-CV) were administered to 131 suicide attempters treated at a hospital in rural China, to coresident relatives about the attempters, to 131 matched community controls, and to coresident relatives about the controls. Results: BIS-CV and AQ-CV total scores and subscale scores were all significantly higher for suicide attempters than for matched controls. Proxy informants considered subjects slightly more impulsive and aggressive than the subjects reported themselves. Subject-proxy concordance for total BIS-CV and AQ-CV scores were excellent for both attempters and controls (ICCs = 0.76–0.83). Concordance for the three BIS-CV subscales was 0.74–0.81 for attempters and 0.74–0.83 for controls. Concordance for the five AQ-CV subscales was 0.66–0.85 for attempters and 0.56–0.82 for controls. Limitations: Results are based on respondents from a single location in rural China. Conclusions: The results support the validity of the BIS-CV and AQ-CV and of research on suicidal behavior in China that uses proxy-based reports of impulsiveness and aggression.

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Protective Factors and Suicidality in Members of Arab Kindred

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000116 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 80-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sami Hamdan ◽

Nadine Melhem ◽

Israel Orbach ◽

Ilana Farbstein ◽

Mohammad El-Haib ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Suicidal Behavior ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Suicidal Risk ◽

Arab Population ◽

Psychiatric Interview ◽

History Of

Background: Relatively little is known about the role of protective factors in an Arab population in the presence of suicidal risk factors. Aims: To examine the role of protective factors in a subsample of in large Arab Kindred participants in the presence of suicidal risk factors. Methods: We assessed protective and risk factors in a sample of 64 participants (16 suicidal and 48 nonsuicidal) between 15 and 55 years of age, using a comprehensive structured psychiatric interview, the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), self-reported depression, anxiety, hopelessness, impulsivity, hostility, and suicidal behavior in first-degree and second-relatives. We also used the Religiosity Questionnaire and suicide attitude (SUIATT) and multidimensional perceived support scale. Results: Suicidal as opposed to nonsuicidal participants were more likely to have a lifetime history of major depressive disorder (MDD) (68.8% vs. 22.9% χ2 = 11.17, p = .001), an anxiety disorder (87.5% vs. 22.9, χ2 = 21.02, p < .001), or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (25% vs. 0.0%, Fisher’s, p = .003). Individuals who are otherwise at high risk for suicidality have a much lower risk when they experience higher perceived social support (3.31 ± 1.36 vs. 4.96 ± 1.40, t = 4.10, df = 62, p < .001), and they have the view that suicide is somehow unacceptable (1.83 ± .10 vs. 1.89 ± .07, t = 2.76, df = 60, p = .008). Conclusions: Taken together with other studies, these data suggest that the augmentation of protective factors could play a very important role in the prevention of incidental and recurrent suicidal behavior in Arab populations, where suicidal behavior in increasing rapidly.

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Stress, Cortisol and Suicide Risk

10.31234/osf.io/92b7z ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Daryl Brian O'Connor

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Suicidal Behavior ◽

Suicide Risk ◽

Stressful Events ◽

Additional Risk ◽

Global Health Issue ◽

History Of ◽

Hpa Axis Activity ◽

The Impact

Suicide is a global health issue accounting for at least 800,000 deaths per annum. Numerous models have been proposed that differ in their emphasis on the role of psychological, social, psychiatric and neurobiological factors in explaining suicide risk. Central to many models is a stress-diathesis component which states that suicidal behavior is the result of an interaction between acutely stressful events and a susceptibility to suicidal behavior (a diathesis). This article presents an overview of studies that demonstrate that stress and dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity, as measured by cortisol levels, are important additional risk factors for suicide. Evidence for other putative stress-related suicide risk factors including childhood trauma, impaired executive function, impulsivity and disrupted sleep are considered together with the impact of family history of suicide, perinatal and epigenetic influences on suicide risk.

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Influential Path of Social Risk Factors toward Suicidal Behavior—Evidence from Chinese Sina Weibo Users 2013–2018

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18052604 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 2604

Author(s):

Yujin Han ◽

He Li ◽

Yunyu Xiao ◽

Ang Li ◽

Tingshao Zhu

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Path Analysis ◽

Suicide Prevention ◽

Suicidal Behavior ◽

Empirical Support ◽

National Bureau ◽

Social Risk ◽

Analysis Model ◽

The Relationship ◽

Path Analysis Model

(1) Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine suicidal risk factors, the relationship and the underlying mechanism between social variables and suicidal behavior. We hope to provide empirical support for the future suicide prevention of social media users at the social level. (2) Methods: The path analysis model with psychache as the mediate variable was constructed to analyze the relationship between suicidal behavior and selected social macro variables. The data for our research was taken from the Chinese Suicide Dictionary, Moral Foundation Dictionary, Cultural Value Dictionary and National Bureau of Statistics. (3) Results: The path analysis model was an adequate representation of the data. With the mediator psychache, higher authority vice, individualism, and disposable income of residents significantly predicted less suicidal behavior. Purity vice, collectivism, and proportion of the primary industry had positive significant effect on suicidal behavior via the mediator psychache. The coefficients of harm vice, fairness vice, ingroup vice, public transport and car for every 10,000 people, urban population density, gross domestic product (GDP), urban registered unemployment rate, and crude divorce rate were not significant. Furthermore, we applied the model to three major economic development belts in China. The model’s result meant different economic zones had no influence on the model designed in our study. (4) Conclusions: Our evidence informs population-based suicide prevention policymakers that incorporating some social factors like authority vice, individualism, etc. can help prevent suicidal ideation in China.

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Association between Genetic Variants in NOS2 and TNF Genes with Congenital Zika Syndrome and Severe Microcephaly

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13020325 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 325

Author(s):

Julia A. Gomes ◽

Eduarda Sgarioni ◽

Juliano A. Boquett ◽

Ana Cláudia P. Terças-Trettel ◽

Juliana H. da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Zika Virus ◽

Genetic Variants ◽

Educational Level ◽

Congenital Anomalies ◽

Family Income ◽

First Trimester ◽

In Utero ◽

Zikv Infection ◽

Congenital Zika Syndrome

Zika virus (ZIKV) causes Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) in individuals exposed prenatally. Here, we investigated polymorphisms in VEGFA, PTGS2, NOS3, TNF, and NOS2 genes as risk factors to CZS. Forty children with CZS and forty-eight children who were in utero exposed to ZIKV infection, but born without congenital anomalies, were evaluated. Children with CZS were predominantly infected by ZIKV in the first trimester (p < 0.001) and had mothers with lower educational level (p < 0.001) and family income (p < 0.001). We found higher risk of CZS due the allele rs2297518[A] of NOS2 (OR = 2.28, CI 95% 1.17–4.50, p = 0.015). T allele and TT/CT genotypes of the TNF rs1799724 and haplotypes associated with higher expression of TNF were more prevalent in children with CZS and severe microcephaly (p = 0.029, p = 0.041 and p = 0.030, respectively). Our findings showed higher risk of CZS due ZIKV infection in the first trimester and suggested that polymorphisms in NOS2 and TNF genes affect the risk of CZS and severe microcephaly.

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