scholarly journals AI and the Future of Learning: Expert Panel Report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Roschelle ◽  
James Lester ◽  
Judi Fusco
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Computational Intelligence ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Panel Report ◽  
Additional Resource ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Educational Challenges ◽  
The Future

This report is based on the discussion that emerged from a convening of a panel of 22 experts in artificial intelligence (AI) and in learning. It introduces three layers that can frame the meaning of AI for educators. First, AI can be seen as “computational intelligence” and capability can be brought to bear on educational challenges as an additional resource to an educator’s abilities and strengths. Second, AI brings specific, exciting new capabilities to computing, including sensing, recognizing patterns, representing knowledge, making and acting on plans, and supporting naturalistic interactions with people. Third, AI can be used as a toolkit to enable us to imagine, study, and discuss futures for learning that don’t exist today. Experts voiced the opinion that the most impactful uses of AI in education have not yet been invented. The report enumerates important strengths and weaknesses of AI, as well as the respective opportunities and barriers to applying AI to learning. Through discussions among experts about these layers, we observed new design concepts for using AI in learning. The panel also made seven recommendations for future research priorities.

Current Postvention Research and Priorities for the Future

Crisis ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Andriessen ◽  
Dolores Angela Castelli Dransart ◽  
Julie Cerel ◽  
Myfanwy Maple
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Intercultural Collaboration ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
Suicide Bereavement ◽  
Ethical Approval

Abstract. Background: Suicide can have a lasting impact on the social life as well as the physical and mental health of the bereaved. Targeted research is needed to better understand the nature of suicide bereavement and the effectiveness of support. Aims: To take stock of ongoing studies, and to inquire about future research priorities regarding suicide bereavement and postvention. Method: In March 2015, an online survey was widely disseminated in the suicidology community. Results: The questionnaire was accessed 77 times, and 22 records were included in the analysis. The respondents provided valuable information regarding current research projects and recommendations for the future. Limitations: Bearing in mind the modest number of replies, all from respondents in Westernized countries, it is not known how representative the findings are. Conclusion: The survey generated three strategies for future postvention research: increase intercultural collaboration, increase theory-driven research, and build bonds between research and practice. Future surveys should include experiences with obtaining research grants and ethical approval for postvention studies.

Artificial intelligence in the digital twins: State of the art, challenges, and future research topics

Digital Twin ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Zhihan Lv ◽  
Shuxuan Xie
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Intelligent Manufacturing ◽  
Unmanned Vehicles ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
The Future

Advanced computer technologies such as big data, Artificial Intelligence (AI), cloud computing, digital twins, and edge computing have been applied in various fields as digitalization has progressed. To study the status of the application of digital twins in the combination with AI, this paper classifies the applications and prospects of AI in digital twins by studying the research results of the current published literature. We discuss the application status of digital twins in the four areas of aerospace, intelligent manufacturing in production workshops, unmanned vehicles, and smart city transportation, and we review the current challenges and  topics that need to be looked forward to in the future. It was found that the integration of digital twins and AI has significant effects in aerospace flight detection simulation, failure warning, aircraft assembly, and even unmanned flight. In the virtual simulation test of automobile autonomous driving, it can save 80% of the time and cost, and the same road conditions reduce the parameter scale of the actual vehicle dynamics model and greatly improve the test accuracy. In the intelligent manufacturing of production workshops, the establishment of a virtual workplace environment can provide timely fault warning, extend the service life of the equipment, and ensure the overall workshop operational safety. In smart city traffic, the real road environment is simulated, and traffic accidents are restored, so that the traffic situation is clear and efficient, and urban traffic management can be carried out quickly and accurately. Finally, we looked forward to the future of digital twins and AI, hoping to provide a reference for future research in related fields.

The Future of eSports

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-164
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Business And Society ◽  
Regulatory Issues ◽  
The Future ◽  
Impossible Task ◽  
Research Questions

Predicting the future is a difficult and, arguably, impossible task. This final chapter builds on the past and present and explores macro-level trends and how they may impact the future of eSports. This includes issues related to data privacy, blockchain, artificial intelligence, virtual reality, 5G wireless, and major policy and regulatory issues that may challenge eSports. Together, these trends offer a framework to map out how eSports may impact both business and society. The final section of this chapter synthesizes the detailed research questions from each chapter to guide future research in the field of eSports.

Relationship marketing: looking backwards towards the future

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Payne ◽  
Pennie Frow
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Marketing ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Customer Relationships ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Future

Purpose This paper aims to review the growth and development of the field of relationship marketing and, through a consideration of this body of work, identifies key research priorities for the future of relationship marketing. The paper also delineates the frequently confused associated concepts of customer relationship management and customer management and considers how they fit within the broader concept of relationship marketing. Design/methodology/approach This paper undertakes a review of the relationship marketing literature, supplemented by the authors’ on-going interactive research with managers. Findings The paper reviews alternative approaches to relationship marketing, reflects on the development of the field of relationship marketing and identifies three critical priorities for future research in relationship marketing. Practical implications The research priorities that are identified in this paper represent important priorities for scholars, managers, regulators and policy makers. Originality/value Although there is now a substantial body of research on relationship, marketing, much of this work focuses on the customer-firm dyad, with a smaller body of work focusing on a broader range of stakeholders. This paper argues for the broadening of the role of relationship marketing to consider ecosystems; the need for firms to shift from a value-in-exchange to a value-in-use perspective when addressing customer relationships; and the critical need to address “dark side” behaviour and dysfunctional processes in relationship marketing.

scholarly journals Development of research priorities in paediatric pain and palliative care

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Liossi ◽  
Anna-Karenia Anderson ◽  
Richard F Howard ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Priority Setting ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Healthcare Research ◽  
Nominal Group ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future

Priority setting for healthcare research is as important as conducting the research itself because rigorous and systematic processes of priority setting can make an important contribution to the quality of research. This project aimed to prioritise clinical therapeutic uncertainties in paediatric pain and palliative care in order to encourage and inform the future research agenda and raise the profile of paediatric pain and palliative care in the United Kingdom. Clinical therapeutic uncertainties were identified and transformed into patient, intervention, comparison and outcome (PICO) format and prioritised using a modified Nominal Group Technique. Members of the Clinical Studies Group in Pain and Palliative Care within National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Clinical Research Network (CRN)-Children took part in the prioritisation exercise. There were 11 clinically active professionals spanning across a wide range of paediatric disciplines and one parent representative. The top three research priorities related to establishing the safety and efficacy of (1) gabapentin in the management of chronic pain with neuropathic characteristics, (2) intravenous non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the management of post-operative pain in pre-schoolers and (3) different opioid formulations in the management of acute pain in children while at home. Questions about the long-term effect of psychological interventions in the management of chronic pain and various pharmacological interventions to improve pain and symptom management in palliative care were among the ‘top 10’ priorities. The results of prioritisation were included in the UK Database of Uncertainties about the Effects of Treatments (DUETS) database. Increased awareness of priorities and priority-setting processes should encourage clinicians and other stakeholders to engage in such exercises in the future.

scholarly journals Critical, agentic and trans-media: Frameworks and findings from a foresight analysis exercise on audiences

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 535-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjana Das ◽  
Brita Ytre-Arne
Keyword(s):  
Research Priorities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Audience Research ◽  
Audience Analysis ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
Arts And Humanities ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Analysis Task ◽  
The Future

We write this article presenting frameworks and findings from an international network on audience research, as we stand 75 years from Herta Herzog’s classic investigation of radio listeners, published in Lazarsfeld and Stanton’s 1944 war edition of Radio Research. The article aims to contribute to and advance a rich strand of self-reflexive stock-taking and sorting of future research priorities within the transforming field of audience analysis, by drawing on the collective efforts of CEDAR – Consortium on Emerging Directions in Audience Research – a 14-country network (2015–2018) funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council, United Kingdom, which conducted a foresight analysis exercise on developing current trends and future scenarios for audiences and audience research in the year 2030. First, we wish to present the blueprint of what we did and how we did it – by discussing the questions, contexts and frameworks for our project. We hope this is useful for anyone considering a foresight analysis task, an approach we present as an innovative and rigorous tool for assessing and understanding the future of a field. Second, we present findings from our analysis of pivotal transformations in the field and the future scenarios we constructed for audiences, as media technologies rapidly change with the arrival of the Internet of Things and changes on many levels occur in audience practices. These findings not only make sense of a transformative decade that we have just lived through but they present possibilities for the future, outlining areas for individual and collective intellectual commitment.

scholarly journals Animal Welfare Science: Recent Publication Trends and Future Research Priorities

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Walker ◽  
María Díez-León ◽  
Georgia Mason
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
The Future ◽  
Animal Welfare Science ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

Animal welfare science is a young and thriving field. Over the last two decades, the output of scientific publications on welfare has increased by c. 10-15% annually (tripling as a proportion of all science papers logged by ISI’s Web of Science), with just under half the c. 8500 total being published in the last 4 years. These papers span an incredible 500+ journals, but around three quarters have been in 80 animal science, veterinary, ethology, conservation and specialized welfare publications, and nearly 25% are published in just two: Animal Welfare and Applied Animal Behaviour Science. Farmed animals – especially mammals – have attracted by far the most research. This broadly reflects the vastness of their populations and the degree of public concern they elicit; poultry, however, are under-studied, and farmed fish ever more so: fish have only recently attracted welfare research, and are by far the least studied of all agricultural species, perhaps because of ongoing doubts about their sentience. We predict this farm animal focus will continue in the future, but embracing more farmed fish, reptiles and invertebrates, and placing its findings within broader international contexts such as environmental and food security concerns. Laboratory animals have been consistently well studied, with a shift in recent years away from primates and towards rodents. Pets, the second largest animal sector after farmed animals, have in contrast been little studied considering their huge populations (cats being especially overlooked): we anticipate research on them increasing in the future. Captive wild animals, especially mammals, have attracted a consistent level of welfare research over the last two decades. Given the many thousands of diverse species kept by zoos, this must, and we predict will, increase. Future challenges and opportunities including refining the use of preference tests, stereotypic behaviour, corticosteroid outputs and putative indicators of positive affect, to enable more valid conclusions about welfare; investigating the evolution and functions of affective states; and last but not least, identifying which taxonomic groups and stages of development are actually sentient and so worthy of welfare concern.

scholarly journals Assessment of body composition in spinal cord injury: A scoping review

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251142
Author(s):  
Jan W. van der Scheer ◽  
Julia O. Totosy de Zepetnek ◽  
Cheri Blauwet ◽  
Katherine Brooke-Wavell ◽  
Terri Graham-Paulson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Measurement Properties ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Gaps

The objective of this scoping review was to map the evidence on measurement properties of body composition tools to assess whole-body and regional fat and fat-free mass in adults with SCI, and to identify research gaps in order to set future research priorities. Electronic databases of PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane library were searched up to April 2020. Included studies employed assessments related to whole-body or regional fat and/or fat-free mass and provided data to quantify measurement properties that involved adults with SCI. All searches and data extractions were conducted by two independent reviewers. The scoping review was designed and conducted together with an expert panel (n = 8) that represented research, clinical, nutritional and lived SCI experience. The panel collaboratively determined the scope and design of the review and interpreted its findings. Additionally, the expert panel reached out to their professional networks to gain further stakeholder feedback via interactive practitioner surveys and workshops with people with SCI. The research gaps identified by the review, together with discussions among the expert panel including consideration of the survey and workshop feedback, informed the formulation of future research priorities. A total of 42 eligible articles were identified (1,011 males and 143 females). The only tool supported by studies showing both acceptable test-retest reliability and convergent validity was whole-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The survey/workshop participants considered the measurement burden of DXA acceptable as long as it was reliable, valid and would do no harm (e.g. radiation, skin damage). Practitioners considered cost and accessibility of DXA major barriers in applied settings. The survey/workshop participants expressed a preference towards simple tools if they could be confident in their reliability and validity. This review suggests that future research should prioritize reliability and validity studies on: (1) DXA as a surrogate ‘gold standard’ tool to assess whole-body composition, regional fat and fat-free mass; and (2) skinfold thickness and waist circumference as practical low-cost tools to assess regional fat mass in persons with SCI, and (3) females to explore potential sex differences of body composition assessment tools. Registration review protocol: CRD42018090187 (PROSPERO).

Bias and Discrimination in Artificial Intelligence

2020 ◽  
pp. 256-283
Author(s):  
Jan C. Weyerer ◽  
Paul F. Langer
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Practical Relevance ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
Bias And Discrimination

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become an integral part of e-business and our lives, promising significant benefits to e-business companies and society. However, at the same time, AI systems in e-business may produce biased outcomes, leading to discrimination of minorities and violating human rights. Against this background, this chapter first describes the foundations of bias and discrimination in AI, highlighting its scientific and practical relevance, as well as describing its meaning, emergence, functioning, and impact in the context of e-business. Based on these foundations, the chapter further provides implications for research and practice on how to deal with AI-related bias and discrimination in the future, opening up future research directions as well as outlining solutions and recommendations for eliminating and preventing AI-related bias and discrimination in e-business.

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