La feredeiele Borsecului: șprițuri/ macmahoane/ mișmașuri în literatura începuturilor

Transilvania ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Cosmin Ciotloș
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Alcoholic Drink ◽  
History Of ◽  
Romanian Literature ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

The present study unfolds on several layers.In the first place, it propounds a history of the relationship between the alcoholic drink that is popularly known as „spritz” and Romanian literature, illustrated with examples from the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th. Secondly, it restores a terminology area, determining the first usage of the word (with all its synonyms) and what prominent or less-known authors have frequently utilized it. Thirdly, it inspects documentation data which thus reinstates two potential forerunners of this interstitial phenomenon: Anton Pann and Daniil Scavinschi. In the fourth place, it exposes a series of thresholds in the evolution of the Romanian mentality, based on the level of tolerance or disapproval that writers have expressed, when confronted with this liquor.

Turing, Lovelace, and Babbage

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doron Swade
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Modern Computer ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Electronic Computing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Causation ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Modern Computing

The principles on which all modern computing machines are based were enunciated more than a hundred years ago by a Cambridge mathematician named Charles Babbage.’ So declared Vivian Bowden—in charge of sales of the Ferranti Mark I computer— in 1953.1 This chapter is about historical origins. It identifies core ideas in Turing’s work on computing, embodied in the realisation of the modern computer. These ideas are traced back to their emergence in the 19th century where they are explicit in the work of Babbage and Ada Lovelace. Mechanical process, algorithms, computation as systematic method, and the relationship between halting and solvability are part of an unexpected congruence between the pre-history of electronic computing and the modern age. The chapter concludes with a consideration of whether Turing was aware of these origins and, if so, the extent—if any—to which he may have been influenced by them. Computing is widely seen as a gift of the modern age. The huge growth in computing coincided with, and was fuelled by, developments in electronics, a phenomenon decidedly of our own times. Alan Turing’s earliest work on automatic computation coincided with the dawn of the electronic age, the late 1930s, and his name is an inseparable part of the narrative of the pioneering era of automatic computing that unfolded. Identifying computing with the electronic age has had the effect of eradicating pre-history. It is as though the modern era with its rampant achievements stands alone and separate from the computational devices and aids that pre-date it. In the 18th century lex continui in natura proclaimed that nature had no discontinuities, and we tend to view historical causation in the same way. Discontinuities in history are uncomfortable: they offend against gradualism, or at least against the idea of the irreducible interconnectedness of events. The central assertion of this chapter is that core ideas evidenced in modern computing, ideas with which Turing is closely associated, emerged explicitly in the 19th century, a hundred years earlier than is commonly credited.

scholarly journals Seeing the History of the Earth in the Cliffs at Møn: The Interaction between Landscape Painting and Geology in Denmark in the First Half of the 19th Century

Romantik ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gry Hedin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Landscape Painting ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Man And Nature ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Scientific Advances ◽  
The Way

During the first part of the nineteenth century, geologists developed a history of the earth so different from that accepted in previous centuries that it encouraged a rethinking of the relationship between man and nature. In this article I will argue that painters followed these changes closely and that some of them let the narratives and images of geology inform the way they depicted nature. In arguing my point, I will focus on images and descriptions of the chalk cliffs on the Danish island of Møn by both geologists and painters. I will follow the scientific advances in geology by referring to the texts and images of Søren Abildgaard, Henrich Steffens, Johan Georg Forchhammer, and Christopher Puggaard, and discuss how their changing theories correspond with paintings of the cliffs by four artists: Christopher Wilhelm Eckersberg, Frederik Sødring, Louis Gurlitt, and Peter Christian Skovgaard.

scholarly journals The Literacy Practice and Religious Proselytizing in Nineteenth-Century Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-204
Author(s):  
Mustolehudin Mustolehudin ◽  
Agus Iswanto ◽  
Nurlaili Noviani ◽  
Umi Masfiah ◽  
Roch Aris Hidayat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Literacy Practices ◽  
Literacy Practice ◽  
New Literacy ◽  
Religious Books ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Local Languages ◽  
Written Sources

There weren’t many scholars who studied the history of Indonesian literacy practices, even though the written sources were available abundantly. The existed studies from many scholars less concerned about the relationship between literacy practice and religious proselytizing (da’wa) in Indonesia. Whereas, both of them are closely related in Indonesia literacy practices, especially in Indonesia’s pre-contemporary era. This study aims to emphasize the relation between literacy practices and Islamic da’wa through KH. Ahmad Rifai works. He was a prolific Muslim scholar in the 19th century who wrote many religious books and countered colonialism. This study reviewed Ahmad Rifai books through a new literacy practice perspective. The argument of this study is the literacy practices had a tight relation with Islamic proselytizing in Indonesian history. The literacy practice for da’wa often considers the locality in culture. Therefore, the form of literacy practice that emerges is a form of literacy that considers local languages and writings, which in this case is the Javanese language and the Pegon script. This paper gives a contribution to the discussion between accommodative da’wa and literacy practices.

scholarly journals La Antropología Andaluza en el contexto de las Antropologías Mediterráneas.

Anduli ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 17-34
Author(s):  
Miguel-Ángel Carvajal-Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Community Studies ◽  
Folklore Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Present World

This article deals with the history of Andalusian anthropology from the second half of the 19th century to the present. We also address the connections of this anthropological tradition with others in the Mediterranean area as well as with others in the Spanish sphere to achieve a greater appreciation of those traditions of thought outside of hegemonic scopes. From the time of folklore studies, we go on to the ethnological stage and to the consolidation of anthropological studies. In so doing, we observe the different stages and topics of investigation, from popular culture to community studies, identity and the relationship between global and local scopes in the present world.

scholarly journals L’idée de religion universelle des origines au XIXe siècle : entre philologie et herméneutique

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 127-142
Author(s):  
Tomasz Szymański
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
History Of ◽  
Classical Conception ◽  
Xixe Siecle ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Xixe Siècle

The aim of the article is to show the relationship between the classical conception of philology, the origins of hermeneutics and the evolution of the idea of universal religion from Antiquity to the 19th century. Just like in the context of the beginnings of Christianity philology contributed to create the Catholic understanding of this idea, in modern times, the development of philological methods contributed to the fragmentation of the idea in various fields: philosophical, esoteric, naturalistic or humanitarian. Hence, philology appears to be inseparable from hermeneutics and the history of religious ideas, and the latter, as inseparable from philology. In this context, the myth of the Babel Tower and its “confusion of tongues” may gain a new meaning.

International historical what?

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Owens
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Forms ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
Governance Form ◽  
International Theory ◽  
Social Theories ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Historical Social Science ◽  
The Relationship

This essay examines the relationship between history and theory through a historical and political analysis of the rise of distinctly social theories, concepts, and practices in the ‘long 19th century’. Sociomania, obsession with things ‘socio’, is a problem in international theory. It is also a serious missed opportunity for Buzan and Lawson’s study of the 19th century. The Global Transformation contributes to international theory in showing how mainstream IR has failed to grasp the full significance of this period. But, in this crucial regard at least, so too have its authors. In adopting rather than fully historicizing the rise and expansion of social theories, works of ‘historical social science’ obscure rather than illuminate the historical and political origins of social forms of governance and thought; underestimate their significance for the history of international theory; and are unable to identify the more fundamental governance form of which the rise of the modern social realm is a concrete historical expression.

scholarly journals The History of Anaesthetic Mortality Reporting

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Fenwick
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Current System ◽  
Educational Tool ◽  
The Past ◽  
National Report ◽  
Legal Constraint ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Participants ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

Anaesthetists are acutely aware of the legal constraint of reporting to the coroner deaths in association with anaesthesia. The evolution of the office of the coroner in England is presented and the relationship with the discovery and evolution of anaesthesia is examined. The legal and medical climate in the 19th century is described, with some of the key participants named and their roles explained. The 19th century was an age of questioning and exploration, which led to the elucidation of the problems with chloroform and set the path for progress in monitoring in anaesthesia. Comments are made on the development of anaesthetic mortality reporting into its current system and some of the benefits flowing from it. The collaboration of the various state mortality committees in producing a triennial national report is an important way to ensure that the lessons of the past are kept in mind in the present. The author believes that mortality reporting, the analysis of data and the dissemination of information is a valuable field of research, monitoring and educational tool. Primum non nocere is particularly pertinent in anaesthesia.

scholarly journals The relationship between mothers’ and their daughters’ family size emerged in the United States during the 19th century

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Pink ◽  
Tobias Ebert ◽  
Jana Berkessel ◽  
Thorsteinn Jónsson
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Social ◽  
Intergenerational Continuity ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Considerable Doubt

For more than a century, a key question of the social sciences has been whether daughters’ family sizes relate to their mothers’ family sizes. Contemporary evidence confirms that, in developed countries, women from larger families indeed tend to have more children themselves. There is considerable doubt, however, whether intergenerational continuity in childbearing constitutes a universal feature of human societies. Based on a large-scale web-harvested collection of online memorials, we show that intergenerational continuity in childbearing in the U.S. emerged only in the first half of the 19th century, paralleling the country’s marked fertility decline. Furthermore, we show that statewide differences in intergenerational continuity in childbearing coincide with statewide differences in abortion laws. This suggests that control over individual fertility was a major driver of the emergence of intergenerational continuity in childbearing. This finding suggests that, although intergenerational continuity in childbearing has appeared only relatively recently in the history of humankind, it will eventually become relevant worldwide.

19th Century Logic Between Philosophy and Mathematics

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Peckhaus
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Logic ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Symbolic Logic ◽  
Modern Logic ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Correct Reasoning ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe history of modern logic is usually written as the history of mathematical or, more general, symbolic logic. As such it was created by mathematicians. Not regarding its anticipations in Scholastic logic and in the rationalistic era, its continuous development began with George Boole's The Mathematical Analysis of Logic of 1847, and it became a mathematical subdiscipline in the early 20th century. This style of presentation cuts off one eminent line of development, the philosophical development of logic, although logic is evidently one of the basic disciplines of philosophy. One needs only to recall some of the standard 19th century definitions of logic as, e.g., the art and science of reasoning (Whateley) or as giving the normative rules of correct reasoning (Herbart).In the paper the relationship between the philosophical and the mathematical development of logic will be discussed. Answers to the following questions will be provided:1. What were the reasons for the philosophers' lack of interest in formal logic?2. What were the reasons for the mathematicians' interest in logic?3. What did “logic reform” mean in the 19th century? Were the systems of mathematical logic initially regarded as contributions to a reform of logic?4. Was mathematical logic regarded as art, as science or as both?

scholarly journals INFORMATION ON DAGESTANIS IN PAPUN ORBELIANI’S CHRONICLE “INFORMATION ON KARTLI”

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-187
Author(s):  
Shakhban Khapizov ◽  
Larisa Tuptsokova
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
Political History ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Military Campaigns ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Written Sources

The article overviews a Georgian historical work of the 18th c. – “Information on Kartli”. This work by Papuan Orbeliani, despite its large volume, covers only a 20-year period of the Georgian history (1739-1758). The author does not provide any written sources in his chronicle. Apparently, the description of events was based on his personal memories, as well as on witness accounts. The author describes the events he himself was a part of or the information he obtained firsthand, however a vague description of events by report is mentioned throughout the text. This fact gives more credibility to this work. In 18th – first half of the 19th century his text was used in their works by other historians (Oman Kherkeulidze and Niko Dadiani).In the chronicle we focused on the information about Dagestan and its peoples, which is covered in this paper. The information mainly referred to military campaigns and raids on Georgia by Dagestan troops. At the same time, the source contains much information about political relations between Dagestan and Georgia, as well as the influence of Iran and Turkey on the situation in the region. This data allows to reconstruct some episodes of military and political history of Dagestan in the 18th c. They are also of great interest for the study of the relationship between Dagestan and Georgia in the same century. Extensive historical and philological commentaries on the translations have been provided in the paper.

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