Why Is the History of Ukrainian Literature Silent About the Women Writers of the Second and Third Decades of the 20th Century?

Transilvania ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Snizhana Zhygun
Keyword(s):  
Women Writers ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Women's Literature ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Nation Formation ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Equal Importance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Symbolic Image

The article deals with the problem of avoiding women’s literature of the 1920s and 1930s in the narrative of the history of Ukrainian literature. This period is called the Executed Renaissance and is the key to the nation-making narrative. It is seen as the time of the modern nation formation and the time of the greatest sacrifice in the name of the nation. Women’s literature of that time is selectively discussed in this context, but the bulk of female literature of that period remains out of the attention of researchers, despite the fact that both the previous stage of development of women’s literature and subsequent ones are present in the narrative of the history of Ukrainian literature. The article hypothesizes that the period of the 1920s and 1930s “fell out” because the women’s literature of that time did not meet the needs of the nation-making narrative that dominates the Ukrainian humanities. The aim of the study is to show this discrepancy by analyzing the representation of gender practices in women’s texts of that period. The theoretical basis of the work was the ideas by Anne McClintock, Yuval-Davis, Joane Nagel, Robert Connell, Martha Bohachevsky-Chomiak. As a result of the study, it has been revealed that women’s literature of the time has different topics and problems, which is due to different experiences. Describing the Bolshevik reforms, women attach equal importance to changes in management and forms of ownership, as well as to the new norms of family and maternal law. The women writers remind of the importance of women’s work in enterprises and in agriculture, especially in the absence of men involved in the war. The literature reflects the rapid expansion of the range of characters’ professions, but at the same time shows the complexity of self-realization, especially when it is necessary to combine profession and motherhood. At this time, women speak more openly about cathexis, challenging patriarchal norms. The image of a woman, in particular of a mother, created by the woman writers did not correspond to the symbolic image of the nation’s reproducer, so the return of women’s literature of the 1920s and 1930s did not meet the needs of the nation-making narrative in the post-Soviet conditions.

scholarly journals THE DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN'S LITERATURE IN CHINA IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE XX CENTURY

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
Shukriya Nazirova Miadovna
Keyword(s):  
Women Writers ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Women's Literature ◽  
Chinese Literature ◽  
Mao Zedong ◽  
Important Place ◽  
History Of ◽  
Women Literature ◽  
Revolutionary Movements ◽  
In The Beginning

This research is about the development of an important part of Chinese literature -women’s literature in XX century. In the beginning of XX century the number of women writers who wrote fiction works increased rapidly. The uneasy situations of the country such as revolutionary movements in the beginning of XX century, China-Japan war, monopole government of Mao Zedong, persecuting the democratic movements, deporting intelligent people to the “re-educating” camps and other conditions were not able to obstacle the women to enter the literature world. On the contrary, interfering of women in social-politic life of the country got stronger in the second part of the XX century. The various movements of women, journals and newspapers and societies of women were organized. The role of women in social life became more noticeable and women literature developed more. Women writers such as Bin Sin, Lin Shukhua, Lu In, Din Lin, Syao Khun, Shi Pinmey, Dzao Min, Lyui Bichen, Chjan Aylin got an important place in social-politic and moral-cultural life of the country with their works. Many of these women participated actively in literary processes and public events. In this article some of the mentioned women writers’ life and work will be discussed in detail. The women writers mentioned in this article are confessed not only in China, but also in the world’s literature. The problems risen in women’s works, the real events described by them play a significant role in gaining more knowledge about the history of China in the first half of XX century and enriching our imaginations regarding to literature processes. KEY WORDS: Literary ideology of Mao Zedong, women’s literature, Bin Sin, children literature, Diaries “Letters for little pupils”, Chzan Aylin.

Lexical Elements of Slavic Origin in Judezmo on South Slavic Territory, 16–19th Centuries: Uriel Weinreich and the History of Contact Linguistics

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-252
Author(s):  
David M. Bunis
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Present Article ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Contact Linguistics ◽  
Languages In Contact ◽  
Political Independence ◽  
South Slavs ◽  
History Of

Abstract From the 19th–20th-century beginnings of modern linguistics, scholars reported on various results of interactions between diverse language speakers; but it was only with Uriel Weinreich’s Languages in Contact (1953) that a solid theoretical basis for the systematic study of contact linguistics was elaborated. The present article studies lexical influences from South Slavic on Judezmo (Ladino/Judeo-Spanish) resulting from contact during the 16th–19th centuries between speakers of these two languages in the regions that, between 1918 and 1992, were known jointly as Yugoslavia. During the Ottoman and then Austro-Hungarian periods, borrowings in local Judezmo from South Slavic were relatively few compared with Turkisms. But from the nineteenth century, when the South Slavs gained political independence, Serbo-Croatian exerted an ever-increasing influence on Judezmo in this region. The case of Judezmo there differs considerably from Yiddish in Slavic Eastern Europe throughout the same period, as described by Uriel Weinreich and others.

Imprisonment, freedom, and literary opacity in the work of Nawal El Saadawi and Assia Djebar

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-187
Author(s):  
Jane Hiddleston
Keyword(s):  
Women Writers ◽  
Women's Literature ◽  
Assia Djebar ◽  
Aesthetic Form ◽  
Direct Form ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
Core Issue ◽  
Colonial Oppression ◽  
The Right

In her astute study of contemporary Arab women writers, Anastasia Valassopoulos begins by noting the pitfalls of much existing criticism of writers such as El Saadawi and Djebar in the West. Citing Amal Amireh’s article on the fraught history of the reception of El Saadawi in Egypt and in Europe, Valassopoulos comments that Arab women’s literature tends to be seen as ‘documentary’, and this obscures the ‘core issue of representation’ as it is explored and challenged by women writers. In the face of this omission, the present article explores a selection of works by El Saadawi and Djebar from an aesthetic perspective. El Saadawi and Djebar use literary writing as a means to escape the constraints placed upon them by patriarchy, as well as by colonialism, and uphold creativity and poetry as a possible release from imprisonment. This article also uses Glissant’s and Bhabha’s concepts of literary opacity and the right to narrate as a partial framework for a reading of the relation between writing, freedom and aesthetic form in the works of El Saadawi and Djebar. El Saadawi and Djebar purposefully deploy a form of self-effacement, both in their autobiographical representations and in their portraits of female characters, also akin to Trinh Minh-ha’s strategy in Woman, Native, Other. Minh-ha’s dissemination of the writing voice, and the affirmation of collective solidarity between multiple but internally fragmentary feminist positions, serves, then, as a further theoretical backdrop for El Saadawi’s and Djebar’s use of opacity and the right to narrate as tools in an active feminist resistance to sexist and racist discourses. Both El Saadawi and Djebar use their writing to conceive women’s liberation from various forms of imprisonment, and they figure women’s fractured, convoluted and at times opaque self-expression as a direct form of resistance to both patriarchal and colonial oppression.

scholarly journals W poszukiwaniu „narodowości w fotografice”

2018 ◽  
pp. 65-86
Author(s):  
Maciej Szymanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
The State ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
National Style

In Search for the “National Features in Photography” Summary The main point of the paper is the interest of Polish photographers in nationalist ideas, which has long been one of the forgotten and overlooked episodes in the history of twentieth-century Polish photography. The issue appeared for the first time in 1931-1933, when Polish photographic magazines published a debate about revealing national traits in a photo. It was an aftermath of the idea of the national style in Polish art, promoted since the early 1920s in relation to the needs of the state that just became independent. The greatest authorities of the time took part in the debate, including Jan Bułhak, Józef Świtkowski, Jan Sunderland, and Antoni Wieczorek, who were the main theorists of the Polish photography in the early 20th century. Analyzing the problem, they reverted to various arguments, from purely formal ones, assuming a characteristic tendency of Polish artists to choose particular forms and types of composition (a view based on the theory of pictorialism), through thematic (referring to collective memory and the historical experience of Poles), sociological, and even legal (based on the ideas of Leon Petrażycki). The same arguments were often used later throughout the century. The paper presents the development and theoretical basis of the debate in the early 1930s, as well as later evolution of the concepts which, coined at that time, contributed to the theory of Polish photography in the 20th century.

scholarly journals Feministički i spisateljski angažman Adele Milčinović na početku 20. stoljeća

2021 ◽  
pp. 408-431
Author(s):  
Ana Vulelija
Keyword(s):  
Women Writers ◽  
Short Stories ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Children's Rights ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Children’S Rights ◽  
Modern Literature ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
History Of ◽  
Female Writers

Adela Milčinović, a Croatian writer with European and American address, a tireless worker in the struggle for women and children’s rights in Croatia in the first decades of the 20th century, is rarely mentioned in the history of Croatian literature as a self-employed writer, and more often just as the wife of the Croatian writer Andrew Milčinović and a coauthor of a collection of short stories entitled Pod branom (1903). In addition to her writing engagement, especially ignored and unexplored remains her feminist engagement in the time when Croatian female writers were not seriously understood in their intentions and contribution to the modern literature, being placed in its periphery, which can be perceived from the description of “Domaće ognjište,” a magazine in which women writers appeared with their first contributions, as the work of “mostly gentle hearts” (Matoš, 1976: 40). This paper presents Milčinović’s remarkable feminist engagement, reflected in the texts she wrote, which are mostly reviews of the negative critiques of the Croatian writers on “female” writing in Croatia at the turn of the century and in the first decades of the 20th century. Furthermore, we have raised the question whether the feminist engagement of the writer influenced her narrower writing interest, which will be researched by answering the question to what extent Milčinović’s female characters could be a reflection of the time the writer belonged to, which saw the major changes in Croatia both in literary and social terms.

Economic Views of L. Trotsky

2004 ◽  
pp. 142-157
Author(s):  
M. Voeikov ◽  
S. Dzarasov
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Russian History ◽  
History Of

The paper written in the light of 125th birth anniversary of L. Trotsky analyzes the life and ideas of one of the most prominent figures in the Russian history of the 20th century. He was one of the leaders of the Russian revolution in its Bolshevik period, worked with V. Lenin and played a significant role in the Civil War. Rejected by the party bureaucracy L. Trotsky led uncompromising struggle against Stalinism, defending his own understanding of the revolutionary ideals. The authors try to explain these events in historical perspective, avoiding biases of both Stalinism and anticommunism.

The Application of UX Research in New Energy Vehicle Innovation

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Menghan TAO ◽  
Ning XIAO ◽  
Xingfu ZHAO ◽  
Wenbin LIU
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Innovative Product ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
New Energy ◽  
New Energy Vehicle ◽  
The One ◽  
New Energy Vehicles ◽  
Degree Of Innovation

New energy vehicles(NEV) as a new thing for sustainable development, in China, on the one hand has faced the rapid expansion of the market; the other hand, for the new NEV users, the current NEVs cannot keep up with the degree of innovation. This paper demonstrates the reasons for the existence of this systematic challenge, and puts forward the method of UX research which is different from the traditional petrol vehicles research in the early stage of development, which studies from the user's essence level, to form the innovative product programs which meet the needs of users and being real attractive.

History of thyroid surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Technique ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Thyroid Surgery ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times

The authors present an outline of the development of thyroid surgery from the ancient times to the beginning of the 20th century, when the definitive surgical technique have been developed and the physiologic and pathopfysiologic consequences of thyroid resections have been described. The key representatives, as well as the contribution of the most influential czech surgeons are mentioned.

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