scholarly journals Polymorphism of traits of flower and fruit of the Tsumi apple tree (Malus zumi (Matsum.) Rehder)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (48) ◽  
pp. 21-21
Author(s):  
Vitaly Donskih ◽  
Tatiana Aniskina ◽  
Victоria Kryuchkova
Keyword(s):  
Apple Tree ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Anther Length ◽  
Flower Traits

The Tsumi apple tree is a valuable crop due to the presence of a gene for resistance to powdery mildew, abundant annual fruiting and a special decorative effect during flowering and fruiting. Its breeding potential has been little studied; therefore, it is necessary to study the morphometric characteristics of a flower and a fruit and establish connections between them. The collection of flowers and fruits of the Tsumi apple tree was carried out in the laboratory of cultivated plants of the Tsytsin Main Botanical Garden in 2021. The coefficients of variation and correlation according to Spearman were determined. It was found that the polymorphism of flower traits is at a very low level (from 4.4% to 14.2%). The number of flowers per inflorescence varies within 15.9%, which corresponds to the average level of polymorphism, as well as in the weight of the fruit (17.3%) and in the weight of seeds (19.5%). Variations in the length of the peduncle, the number of seeds, the length of the fruit, and the diameter of the fruit are at a very low level (6.9-13.6%). A significant number of reliable inverse (negative) correlations were found between signs of moderate strength (0.5 <r <0.6): a strong relationship between fruit weight and anther length (r = -0.73), fruit length and filament length (r = -0.71). A strong positive relationship was found between the following traits: fruit weight and fruit diameter (r = 0.79), seed weight. Keywords: POLYMORPHISM, FLOWER, CRABAPPLES, SORBOMALUS, MALUS ZUMI, TSUMI APPLE TREE, VARIABILITY, MORPHOLOGY

scholarly journals Polymorphism of morphometric parameters of the flower and fruit of the Sargent apple tree (Malus sargentii Rehl)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (48) ◽  
pp. 18-18
Author(s):  
Vitaly Donskih ◽  
Tatiana Aniskina ◽  
Victоria Kryuchkova
Keyword(s):  
Apple Tree ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Fruit Length ◽  
Flower Diameter ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Fruit Diameter

The Sargent apple tree is highly valued for its decorative qualities, it is used in breeding work when developing new ornamental varieties. To assess the breeding potential, as well as planning crosses, information is needed on the variability of the morphometric traits of the apple flower and fruit, as well as the presence of a relationship between these traits. The research was carried out in the laboratory of cultivated plants of the Tsytsin Main Botanical Garden on 12 quantitative traits of flower and fruit. It was found that almost all traits are characterized by a low level of polymorphism of 7-15% (flower diameter - 13.2%, pedicel thickness - 14.9%, peduncle length - 8.3%, fruit length - 4.7%, fruit diameter - 5.7%) or an average level (16-25%), except for the mass of seeds (40%) and the number of seeds in the fruit (33.9%). An inverse correlation was found between the length of the anther and the number of seeds inside the fruit (r = -0.46), as well as strong direct relationships between the diameter of the fruit and the weight of the fruit (r = 0.79) and the diameter of the fruit and the length of the fruit (r = 0, 78). A reliable direct relationship between the group was also revealed: flower length, filament length, pedicel thickness, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit weight. Keywords: POLYMORPHISM, FLOWERS, CRABAPPLES, SORBOMALUS, MALUS SARGENTII, SARGENT APPLE TREE

scholarly journals Comparison Strawberry Field Production and Occurrence of Grey Mould at Strawberry Growing on System with Addition of Apple Tree Woody Chips

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1253-1264
Author(s):  
David Novotný ◽  
Jana Brožová ◽  
Pavla Růžičková ◽  
Josef Sus ◽  
Martin Koudela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Grey Mould ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Tree Wood ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Field Production

In the years 2014 to 2016 the influence of apple tree wood chips and composted apple tree wood chips in which oyster mushroom grew and yielded which were supplemented into soil on strawberry field production and occurrence of grey mould at strawberry (cv. ‘Sonata’) was evaluated. Average weight and number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, average weight and number of fruits affected by Botrytis cinerea per plant, percentage of weight and number of fruits affected by Botrytis cinerea was calculated. There were recorded differences concerning strawberry yield among the investigated variants of plots, but mainly there were not statistically significant. In 2015 and 2016 the highest average weight of yield and the highest number of fruits was reached at plants cultivated on plots with apple tree wood chips. Average weight of yield on plots with apple tree wood chips was 663.72 g and 822.41 g in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Number of fruits per plant on plots with apple tree wood chips was 67.88 pieces and 65.29 pieces in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Occurrence of grey mould caused by Botrytis cinerea on all variants of plots was similar and small differences was found out only but statistically significant difference was among the years. Grey mould was the most frequently found out in the year 2016. B. cinerea affected 48.27, 56.89 and 55.94 grams of fruits per plant from plots with composted apple tree wood chips, plots with apple tree wood chips and control plots in 2016, respectively.

Apple tree flowering is mediated by low level of melatonin under the regulation of seasonal light signal

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. e12551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haixia Zhang ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Kun Shi ◽  
Dongqian Shan ◽  
Yunpeng Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apple Tree ◽  
Light Signal ◽  
Low Level

Evolution of reproductive traits and selfing syndrome in the sub-endemic Mediterranean genus Centaurium Hill (Gentianaceae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 191 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-235
Author(s):  
Vania Jiménez-Lobato ◽  
Marcial Escudero ◽  
Zoila Díaz Lifante ◽  
Cristina Andrés Camacho ◽  
Alejandra de Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
State Transitions ◽  
Evolutionary Transitions ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Anther Length ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Flower Traits ◽  
Selected Traits ◽  
Selfing Syndrome

Abstract In flowering plants, the shift from outcrossing to selfing is associated with a set of correlated changes in morphological and reproductive features known as the ‘selfing syndrome’. Species of the sub-endemic Mediterranean genus Centaurium Hill (Gentianaceae) exhibit a wide array of flower traits related to pollination biology and different ploidy levels. We explored if the evolutionary transitions of seven flower traits and life cycle, typically associated with the selfing syndrome, are related to polyploidy, diversification patterns, divergence times and the geological and climatic history of the Mediterranean Basin. Using 26 species of Centaurium we reconstructed a phylogenetic tree, inferred the ancestral states of the selected traits, estimated their phylogenetic signal and tested the correlative evolution among them. We found a significant increase in diversification rates during the Quaternary. Anther length, flower size, herkogamy and polyploidy undergo rapid state transitions without phylogenetic signal that could be the result of adaptation for selfing. Changes in character states do not show evidence of correlative evolution among them, as would be predicted during the evolution of selfing syndrome. The evolution of reproductive traits in Centaurium has probably relied on a more diverse array of drivers than just reproductive assurance or polyploidy events.

scholarly journals Variability of 21 apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivars and hybrids in selected traits of fruit and stone

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 90-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Vachůn
Keyword(s):  
Weight Coefficient ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Positive Trait ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Selected Traits ◽  
One Year ◽  
High Level

Weight, height, width and diameter of fruits and stones were evaluated in 21 apricot cultivars and hybrids in 1994&ndash;1997. Statistically significant differences between the measured values of traits confirmed their applicability for objective characterization of genotypes. The evaluated traits are genetic dispositions. It was also proved by the rank of genotypes arranged according to the values of particular traits in one year that was highly significantly identical in the other years of the evaluated period (correlation coefficient r = 0.45<sup>++</sup> to 0.87<sup>++</sup>). The relationship between fruit weight and other traits (stone weight, stone height and stone width) is not linear. Fruit weight increases (or decreases) faster towards the limit values of traits. The average percentage proportion of stone weight in fruit weight ranged from 4.9% to 9.6% in the genotypes over the period of four years. A lower proportion of stone in fruit weight is a positive trait for selection of suitable genotypes for direct consumption and flesh processing. This trait can also be a suitable criterion of genotype selection to breed cultivars with a low proportion of inedible part. Promising cultivar Lemeda is an example of the low stone proportion in flesh weight. A high level of variability was found in the values of stone and fruit weight (coefficient of variation v = 19.00% and v = 24.74%, respectively). Coefficients of variation for other traits (fruit and stone height, width and diameter) were by more than a half lower. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Tools to Tie: Flower Characteristics, VOC Emission Profile, and Glandular Trichomes of Two Mexican Salvia Species to Attract Bees

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1645
Author(s):  
Claudia Giuliani ◽  
Manuela Giovanetti ◽  
Daniela Lupi ◽  
Marco Palamara Mesiano ◽  
Renata Barilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Pollinator Attraction ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Flower Traits ◽  
Novel Interactions ◽  
New Interactions ◽  
Micro Morphology ◽  
Physical And Chemical

A plant can combine physical and chemical tools to interact with other organisms. Some are designed for pollinator attraction (i.e., colors and volatile organic compounds-VOCs); others can act to discourage herbivores (i.e., non-glandular trichomes). Few studies fully address available tools in a single species; notwithstanding, this information can be pivotal in understanding new interactions out of the home range. We characterized flower traits, emission profiles of constitutive compounds from flowers and leaves, micro-morphology of the glandular trichomes, and listed flower visitors of two Mexican bird-pollinated Salvia species (S. blepharophylla and S. greggii), growing in an Italian botanical garden. Flowers were highly variable in their morphometric characteristics. In both species, four trichome morphotypes with similar histochemistry and distribution were documented for leaves and flowers except the calyx abaxial side. The vegetative emission profiles were qualitatively more complex than the floral ones; however, common compounds occurring in high relative percentages were β-caryophyllene and germacrene D. Floral bouquets were dominated by limonene and β-pinene in S. greggii and by 1,8-cineole in S. blepharophylla. Two potential (non-bird) pollinators were especially abundant: small bees belonging to the genus Lasioglossum and large bees belonging to the species Xylocopa violacea. Our study highlights the plasticity of these plants, as well as tools that can be conveniently used to establish novel interactions.

scholarly journals Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for various quantitative and qualitative traits in Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 262-273
Author(s):  
Syed Berjes Zehra ◽  
Shabir Hussain Khan ◽  
Asif Ahmad ◽  
Baseerat Afroza ◽  
K. Parveen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Fruit Harvest

Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for different quantitative and qualitative characters were studied in 64 genotypes of chilli. The study indicated the existence of considerable amount of genetic variability for all the traits under study. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for almost all the traits studied. The maximum range was recorded for fruit yield per plant (150-900 g) followed by vitamin-C content at red ripe stage (35.50 -207.17 mg/100g), vitamin-C content at green stage (24.93-195.83 mg/100g), capsanthin content (39.58-180.35ASTA units, number of fruits per plant (21.32-100.27) and plant height (50.20-105.00cm). The highest phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variability were observed for average fruit weight followed by seed yield per plant, average seed weight per fruit, number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant and fruit diameter. In general the phenotypic coefficients of variation (PCV) were slight higher than genotypic coefficients of variation GCV), which indicates the minor role of environment in the expression of traits under observation. The estimates of heritability in broad sense was high for all the characters. The present investigation indicates a great scope of in the improvement of these traits as these characters in general possessed high estimates of heritability coupled with high genetic advancement except for days to first fruit set, days to first green fruit harvest, days to first ripe fruit harvest and dry matter content (high heritability but moderate genetic gain) indicating the preponderance of additive gene action for control of these traits.

scholarly journals Studies on Varietal Diversity and Selection of Potential Varieties of Gerbera (Gerbera Jamesonii H. Bolus Ex Hook. F.) For Commercial Cultivation in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-550
Author(s):  
Rabina Islam ◽  
Nazmul Alam ◽  
Mohammed Kamal Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Genetic Parameter ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Gerbera Jamesonii ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Flower Stalk ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Ray Florets

Ten commercial genotypes of Gerbera jamesonii were evaluated for a number of qualitative and quantitative traits in RCBD at the Botanical Garden of Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka. Qualitative morphology among 10 genotypes showed significant similarities and dissimilarities. The analysis of variance for all the quantitative traits showed highly significant variations among the genotypes. Genotypes Dutch Diva, Classic Fabio Gold, Candela and Dune proved to be the most suitable and sustainable as they were the best performer for different growth and flower quality parameters. Number of flowers per plant found best in Candela and Dutch Diva (11.33). The phenotypic coefficients of variation (PCV) were found higher than the genotypic coefficients of variation (GCV) for all characters. Maximum GCV and PCV were observed for number of suckers per plant (30.984 and 39.568) followed by number of whorls of ray florets per flower and days to flowering from bud initiation. High heritability values were obtained for all the characters. In high heritability estimate coupled with high genetic advance as percentage of mean was maximum for days to first flowering (32.442), plant height (cm) (17.026) and number of suckers per plant (15.992). Selection would be effective for the character showing high performance in genetic parameter. Path analysis revealed that the diameter of disc florets per flower, stalk girth (cm), number of disc florets per flower, number of ray florets per flower would be selection criteria for improvement in flower number. Based on D2 statistics, 10 genotypes were grouped into 3 clusters, namely cluster I, II and III. Highest number of genotypes was found in cluster I containing 5 genotypes. Scatter diagram represents pattern of genotypic distribution into clustering through principal component scores. Highest inter-cluster distance (22.94) was observed between cluster I and III. The genotypes of cluster II possessed heterogeneous nature and showed highest intra-cluster distance (11.35). Highest cluster mean was observed in cluster II containing four genotypes regarded as the superior than another cluster. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 541-550, 2021 (September)

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK MORFOMETRIK DAN FAKTOR KONDISI KERANG TOTOK (Polymesoda erosa) DI HUTAN MANGROVE DESA NUSAJAYA KECAMATAN WASLEI SELATAN KABUPATEN HALMAHERA TIMUR MALUKU UTARA

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfrina Rumbiak ◽  
Jan F.W.S. Tamanampo ◽  
Gaspar D. Manu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Class Size ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
R Value ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Clam, Polymesoda erosa is species that live in sandy and muddy substrata of mangrove ecosystem. The aims of this study are to look at the relationship of the shell length and width,body thiekness, body weight and organ weight based on class size to determine the growth. The study also was designed to reveal the conditional factor based on the clam class size. The samples were collected during the day at lowest tide in January 2014. The total is 153 individuals of Polymesoda erosa clam were collected during the study. The result shows thare is a strong positive relationship between body lenght and body weight as shown within  the regression analysis with intercept (a) = 0,470779,  regression coefficient (b) = 0,69095 and correlation coefficient (r) = 0,406357. Based on the r value, it can be concluded that there is strong relationship regarding the length and weight increment as much as 40,63 %.   Keywords : Characteristics Morphometrics and Shellfish totok condition factor Nort Maluku ABSTRAK .         Kerang  totok (Polymesoda erosa) adalah salah satu jenis moluska dalam kelas bivalvia yang hidup di ekosistem mangrove pada daerah yang bersubstrat pasir dan berlumpur. Penelitian ini bertujuan. mengetahui kisaran ukuran panjang cangkang,,lebar cangakang, tubuh, berat tubuh, dan berat organ lunak, selanjutnya mengetahui pertambahan panjang, lebar cangkang, tebal tubuh, berat tubuh, dan berat organ lunak berdasarkan kelas ukuran, dan juga  mengetahui hubungan pertumbuhan panjang cangkang, dan berat cangkang, dan  mengetahui faktor kondisi kerang di setiap kelas ukuran.  Pengambilan sampel di lakukan pada siang hari saat surut terendah pada bulan januari 2014. Berdasarkan kegiatan penelitian di wilayah pesisir Desa Nusajaya Kecamatan Waslei Selatan Kabupaten Halmahera Timur Maluku Utara, dikumpulkani  153 individu kerang totok (Polymesoda erosa). Hasil analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa setiap pertambahan panjang cangkang akan diikuti dengan pertambahan berat secara proporsional mengikuti nilai Intercept (a) = 0.470779, dan koefisien regresi (b) = 0,690957. Niilai koefisien korelasi (r) = 0. 406357 menyatakan  adanya korelasi positif yang menerangkan terdapat keeratan hubungan  antara pertambahan panjang cangkang dengan pertambahan berat berat tubuh sebesar 40.63 %   Kata kunci :Karakteristik Morfometrik dan Faktor kondisi KerangTotok Maluku utara   1Bagian dari skripsi 2Mahasiswa Program Studi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan FPIK-UNSRAT 3Staf pengajar Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Sam Ratulangi  

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