Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of Natural Composites Matoa Tree Wood as the Foundation for Environmentally Friendly House Piles

Composite materials, in simple terms, are materials that have a multi-phase system composed of reinforcing materials and matrix materials. Composite materials are divided into two types, namely synthetic composite materials and natural composite materials. Wood is a natural composite material consisting of a reinforcement and a matrix. The wood of the matoa tree (Pometia vinnata) is known for its good mechanical strength. The comparison of compressive mechanical strength in this study was conducted on matoa wood and ironwood tree wood (eusideroxylon zwageri). This was performed as supporting data in the discussion of natural composite materials of matoa tree wood as the foundation for environmentally friendly house piles. The results obtained were matoa wood and ironwood, respectively A1 = 6.07e^(-07) MPa, A2 = 1.11e^(-06) MPa, and A3 = 2.09e^(-06) MPa and B1 = 1.17e ^(-06) MPa, B2 = 2.13e^(-06) MPa, and B3 = 4.02e^(-06) MPa. These results indicated that the resistance to mechanical compression test of ironwood tree was greater than matoa tree. However, when it was seen based on the perspective of the impact on the environment, Matoa tree has environmentally friendly properties that are effective and efficient. This is supported by the nature of the matoa tree which is easy to cultivate and its roots do not damage other plants.

To Stamp One's Feet: Resurgence of the Artesa as an Identity Reassessment in Afro-Descendant Communities of Costa Chica, Mexico

An artesa is a large zoomorphic stamping platform in the shape of a cattle related animal (horse, bull or cow) made of one piece of parota tree wood (Enterolobyum Cyclocaroum). Until the midtwentieth century, most collective Afro-descendant celebrations in Costa Chica region (Mexico) implied a fandango de artesa, where stamping dance on an artesa –along with other musical instruments and singing– was the center of the festivity. Nevertheless, since then fandangos began to gradually fall into neglect until practically disappear. In the 1980s, through the intervention of some anthropologists, the fandango underwent into a process of resurgence. Firstly, immersed in the agenda of the institutional programme ‘Our Third Root’ -dedicated to the cultural recognition of Afro-descendants- and later on embraced by a local movement concerned with ‘Afro-Mexican’ political recognition, artesa resurgence went through substantial changes. This process brought new functions, meanings, performative formats, construction and esthetical values to this musical instrument. Based on regional field-work this paper explores artesa’s recent status as a selective cultural process where a re-interpretation and a new narrative have shaped a particular resurgence of this instrument and its contexts of appearance.

Utilization of bus tree wood (Melaleuca sp) as environmentally friendly fuel for household industrial scale Aluminum smelting stoves in Merauke, Papua

The purpose of this study is the use of bus wood trees as fuel for aluminum smelting for the home industry because it has a good heating value and is very efficient, from the laboratory test results, the bus tree wood has a calorific value of 5981 (calories/g). The methods used experimental and analytical to get the results from the use of bus wood as fuel for aluminum smelting which will certainly produce good mechanical properties. The results obtained a good combustion process that releasing all the heat contained in a fuel and done with three combustion control processes, including a fairly high temperature to ignite and maintain the flame of the fuel, turbulence or mixing O2 and the use of good fuel and sufficient time to complete combustion process. The fuel (bus wood) which is inputted in the furnace is designed so that the combustion process takes place more completely with minimal heat losses. The results of temperature changes seem a thermocouple and crucible furnace insulator material were very good heat resistance hence the time of the melting process it doesn't take longer which is 15 minutes. The aluminum in crucibles has melted at a temperature of 723℃.

Finding coefficients for correction of potential value of wood assortments in real on the example of beech from thinning cuts in Serbia

Calculating the value of wood in forests has always been a job full of challenges for the appraiser, especially if in that case the condition is not to cut down trees. As one of the possibilities, the method of "model" cutting can be used, which is practically the only one that allows assessment value without cutting trees. It consists in estimating the volumes of assortment classes only on the basis of tree dimensions (d and h) and valid standards for forest exploitation products, and later, by multiplication with prices, the required value is obtained. As other characteristics of the tree (wood defects) are not taken into account in this procedure, it is obviously an ideal (maximum) value. In order to harmonize it with the real value, which is always lower than the "model" value, a request is imposed for the correction of the "model" value with appropriate coefficients. In this research, an attempt was made to obtain such coefficients for material from thinning in beech high (5,973 trees) and coppice (1,842 trees) forests and to check the degree of accuracy during their application.

Feedstock Security Analysis for Wood Pellet Production in Thailand

Thailand is one of the upcoming wood pellet exporters in the Southeast Asia region. Wood pellet production has been gradually increasing in Thailand; however, the recent trend is more rapid. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the feedstock security for wood pellet production in Thailand. The important issue of feedstock security analysis relates to availability and diversity of feedstock (Shannon index) to meet the increased demand for the wood pellets in the future. The results present that the feedstock supply (from waste wood and fast-growing tree wood) in Thailand is 5.32 million tonnes of wood pellets per year. However, increasing 25% of wood pellet export and 50% of wood pellet domestic use causes a deficit in fast-growing tree wood because para-rubber waste wood is not distributed uniformly in all regions of the country. The present diversity of feedstock supply is quite low (Shannon index 0.17). Increasing the fast-growing tree plantation area in the wastelands could help increase diversity. Recommendations on policy from this study focus on encouragement for the increase in domestic use of wood pellets, cultivation of fast-growing trees in wasteland and optimized logistics management.

Brilliant Green Dye Biosorption Using Activated Carbon Derived from Guava Tree Wood

The removal of brilliant green (BG) dye from an aqueous solution using activated carbon (AC) derived from guava tree wood is conducted in batch conditions. The influence of different factors such as contact time, pH, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, and temperature on the adsorption of BG onto AC was investigated. FTIR, BET, and SEM analyses were performed to determine the characteristics of the material. The isotherm results were analyzed using the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherms. Linear regression was used to fit the experimental data. It was found that the equilibrium data are best represented by the Freundlich isotherm, and the adsorption capacity (qe) was 90 mg dye/g AC. The values of the free energy (∆G), enthalpy (∆H), and entropy (∆S) were −86.188 kJ/mol, 43.025 kJ/mol, and 128 J/mol.K, respectively, at pH 7 for the BG dye. The kinetics of BG dye adsorption were analyzed using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models, and it was found that the pseudo-second-order model was suitable for the behavior of the BG dye at R2 = 0.999.

Spacing effect on growth and yeld of fast rotation Eucalyptus at 24 months of age

The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth in height, diameter and volume production of a eucalyptus clone at 24 months of age planted at different spacing. Values of circumference at soil height, circumference at chest height and the heights of all plants in the plots were collected at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after planting. Using the collected data, the diameter values at ground and chest height and the mean height at each age were calculated. Rigorous cubing of the average tree in each plot was performed 24 months after planting to obtain the wood volume per tree and per hectare. The spacing did not present a clear pattern of influence on the total height of the plants. The final height was not affected by spacing. The effect of planting spacing on growth in diameter at soil height intensified from the first year after planting. Tree mean diameter increased with planting spacing, as well as the wood volume per tree. Wood volume per hectare was higher in the denser spacing.

ROLE OF FUNGAL ENZYME IN WOOD ROTTING – I : ACTIVITY OF PROTEASE DURING DECAY OF MANGO TREE BY THE FUNGUS – CLYTOCYBE MULTICEPS

The activity of enzymes involved in the rotting action of Mango tree wood (log) by a fungus- Clytocybe multiceps, was studied .The degradation of cell wall was the main decaying change or the first step in the process of decaying which was brought about by the action of proteolytic enzymes in association with pectinolytic and cellulolytic enzymes.